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Mangrove Crab
Mangrove crabs are crabs that live among mangroves, and may belong to many different species and even families. They have been shown to be ecologically significant in many ways. They keep much of the energy within the forest by burying and consuming leaf litter. Along with burrowing in the ground, at high tide and in the face of predators these crustaceans can climb trees to protect themselves. The hermit crab and the mangrove crab are the only crustaceans that can climb trees as a defense mechanism. Furthermore, their feces may form the basis of a coprophagous food chain contributing to mangrove secondary production. Mangrove crab larvae are the major source of food for juvenile fish inhabiting the adjacent waterways, indicating that crabs also help nearshore fisheries. The adult crabs are food for threatened species such as the crab plover. Their burrows alter the topography and sediment grain size of the mangrove, and help aerate the sediment. Removing crabs from an area cau ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Mangrove Crab (Neosarmatium Meinerti)
Red is the color at the long wavelength end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet. It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–740 nanometres. It is a primary color in the RGB color model and a secondary color (made from magenta and yellow) in the CMYK color model, and is the complementary color of cyan. Reds range from the brilliant yellow-tinged scarlet and vermillion to bluish-red crimson, and vary in shade from the pale red pink to the dark red burgundy. Red pigment made from ochre was one of the first colors used in prehistoric art. The Ancient Egyptians and Mayans colored their faces red in ceremonies; Roman generals had their bodies colored red to celebrate victories. It was also an important color in China, where it was used to color early pottery and later the gates and walls of palaces. In the Renaissance, the brilliant red costumes for the nobility and wealthy were dyed with kermes and cochineal. The 19th century brought the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crab Plover
The crab-plover or crab plover (''Dromas ardeola)'' is a bird related to the waders, but sufficiently distinctive to merit its own family Dromadidae. Its relationship within the Charadriiformes is unclear, some have considered it to be closely related to the thick-knees, or the pratincoles, while others have considered it closer to the auks and gulls. It is the only member of the genus ''Dromas'' and is unique among waders in making use of ground warmth to aid incubation of the eggs. Description This bird resembles a plover, but has very long grey legs and a strong heavy black bill similar to a tern. Its black-and-white plumage and long-necked upright posture with heavy bill makes it distinctive and unmistakable. Its bill is unique among waders, and specialised for eating crabs. It has partially webbed toes. The plumage is white except for black on its back and in the primary feathers of the wings. They are noisy birds, calling frequently on their breeding sites and in their w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metopograpsus Thukuhar
The thukuhar shore-crab (''Metopograpsus thukuhar''), also known as alamihi crab, is a species of crab that lives in mangroves all over from Africa to Fiji. Distribution A mangrove inhabitant, it is found all over mangrove forests of Hawaii, Madagascar, Mauritius, Sumatra, Japan, Taiwan, China, Sri Lanka, India, Indonesia, Australia, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and Fiji. Description Male grows up to maximum length of 5 cm. Carapace and legs brownish-yellow or brownish red in color along with mottling. Claws violet in adults and pinkish in juveniles. Metopograpsus thukuhar-dorsal.jpg, Light morph Hawaii Metopograpsus thukuhar-dark.jpg, Dark morph Hawaii Ecology The species is well distributed in mangrove regions mainly in ''Rhizophora mucronata'' and ''Ceriops tagal ''Ceriops tagal'', commonly known as spurred mangrove or Indian mangrove, is a mangrove tree species in the family Rhizophoraceae. It is a protected tree in South Africa. The specific epithet ' is a plant nam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metopograpsus Messor
''Metopograpsus messor'' is a species of grapsid crab that lives in mangroves from East Africa to Fiji. Description It grows up to wide. The carapace and legs are mottled brownish green, while the claws are brownish red. Distribution The distribution of ''M. messor'' extends from East Africa, along the coast of the Indian Ocean, including the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, and at least as far east as Fiji. Knowledge of its distribution has been clouded by confusion between ''M. messor'' and '' M. thukuhar'', which can only be told apart by detailed examination, but there are reports of ''M. messor'' as far east as the Hawaiian Islands. Ecology ''M. messor'' lives in mangroves (including ''Avicennia marina'' and '' Sonneratia alba''), as well as on rocky shores. It lives under rotting wood, and is capable of climbing trees. Taxonomic history ''Metopograpsus messor'' was first described under the name ''Cancer messor'' by Peter Forsskål in 1775, in his ', based on mater ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haberma Tingkok
''The Micro Mangrove Crab (Haberma tingkok)'' is a species of micro-mangrove crab native to Hong Kong. It was first discovered by Stefano Cannicci from the University of Hong Kong and Peter Ng from the University of Singapore in the Ting Kok Mangrove forests in the northeast of Hong Kong and listed on the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) in April of 2017. It was the third species placed in the genus ''Haberma,'' which was discovered in 2002. Description Anatomy The Micro Mangrove crab displays typical decapode anatomy. Ten limbs, arranged around the lower half of the carapace, are composed of eight multi-jointed legs used for mobility and two claws. The two equally sized claws are located on either side of the mouth and serve as the primary manipulation points for the crab. Coloration The top of the Micro Mangrove crab's carapace is a combination of dark olive green and black. The legs are a tan with darker mottling around the top. The underside of the carapace ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indo-Pacific
The Indo-Pacific is a vast biogeographic region of Earth. In a narrow sense, sometimes known as the Indo-West Pacific or Indo-Pacific Asia, it comprises the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean, the western and central Pacific Ocean, and the seas connecting the two in the general area of Indonesia. It does not include the temperate and polar regions of the Indian and Pacific oceans, nor the Tropical Eastern Pacific, along the Pacific coast of the Americas, which is also a distinct marine realm. The term is especially useful in marine biology, ichthyology, and similar fields, since many marine habitats are continuously connected from Madagascar to Japan and Oceania, and a number of species occur over that range, but are not found in the Atlantic Ocean. The region has an exceptionally high species richness, with the world's highest species richness being found in at its heart in the Coral Triangle, and a remarkable gradient of decreasing species richness radiating outward in al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haberma
''Haberma'' is genus of small mangrove or terrestrial crabs, typically less than across the carapace. The genus was established by Ng and Schubart in 2002 with the discovery of the species ''Haberma nanum'' in Singapore. A second species, ''Haberma kamora'', was discovered in Papua. Most recently, '' Haberma tingkok'' was discovered in Hong Kong Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China ( abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China on the eastern Pearl River Delt .... The genus is distinguished by the first two pairs of the male ambulatory legs, which have characteristic subchelate dactyli and propodi. Species * '' Haberma kamora'' * '' Haberma nanum'' * '' Haberma tingkok'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q18583298 Decapod genera Mangrove fauna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aratus Pisonii
''Aratus pisonii'', commonly known as the mangrove tree crab, is a species of crab which lives in mangrove trees in tropical and subtropical parts of the Americas, from Florida to Brazil on the Atlantic coast, and from Nicaragua to Peru on the Pacific coast. It feeds mostly on the leaves of the mangroves, but is an omnivore, and prefers animal matter when possible. ''A. pisonii'' is the only species in the monotypic genus ''Aratus''. The specific epithet ''pisonii'' commemorates the Dutch naturalist Willem Piso who travelled in Brazil in 1638 with Georg Marggraf. Description The mangrove tree crab is a small species with males averaging about long and females slightly less. The large eyes are set far apart and the carapace is wider at the front than at the back. It is a mottled brown and olive colour which helps the crab to blend in with its surroundings. The legs are either brown or mottled and tufts of black hairs are near their tips. These are pointed, which aids the crab whe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Keystone Species
A keystone species is a species which has a disproportionately large effect on its natural environment relative to its abundance, a concept introduced in 1969 by the zoologist Robert T. Paine. Keystone species play a critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecological community, affecting many other organisms in an ecosystem and helping to determine the types and numbers of various other species in the community. Without keystone species, the ecosystem would be dramatically different or cease to exist altogether. Some keystone species, such as the wolf, are also apex predators. The role that a keystone species plays in its ecosystem is analogous to the role of a keystone in an arch. While the keystone is under the least pressure of any of the stones in an arch, the arch still collapses without it. Similarly, an ecosystem may experience a dramatic shift if a keystone species is removed, even though that species was a small part of the ecosystem by measures of biomass o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ammonium
The ammonium cation is a positively-charged polyatomic ion with the chemical formula or . It is formed by the protonation of ammonia (). Ammonium is also a general name for positively charged or protonated substituted amines and quaternary ammonium cations (), where one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic groups (indicated by R). Acid–base properties The ammonium ion is generated when ammonia, a weak base, reacts with Brønsted acids (proton donors): :H+ + NH3 -> H4 The ammonium ion is mildly acidic, reacting with Brønsted bases to return to the uncharged ammonia molecule: : H4 + B- -> HB + NH3 Thus, treatment of concentrated solutions of ammonium salts with strong base gives ammonia. When ammonia is dissolved in water, a tiny amount of it converts to ammonium ions: :H2O + NH3 OH- + H4 The degree to which ammonia forms the ammonium ion depends on the pH of the solution. If the pH is low, the equilibrium shifts to the right: more ammonia molecules are co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulfide
Sulfide (British English also sulphide) is an inorganic anion of sulfur with the chemical formula S2− or a compound containing one or more S2− ions. Solutions of sulfide salts are corrosive. ''Sulfide'' also refers to chemical compounds large families of inorganic and organic compounds, e.g. lead sulfide and dimethyl sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and bisulfide (SH−) are the conjugate acids of sulfide. Chemical properties The sulfide ion, S2−, does not exist in aqueous alkaline solutions of Na2S. Instead sulfide converts to hydrosulfide: :S2− + H2O → SH− + OH− Upon treatment with an acid, sulfide salts convert to hydrogen sulfide: :S2− + H+ → SH− :SH− + H+ → H2S Oxidation of sulfide is a complicated process. Depending on the conditions, the oxidation can produce elemental sulfur, polysulfides, polythionates, sulfite, or sulfate. Metal sulfides react with halogens, forming sulfur and metal salts. :8 MgS + 8 I2 → S8 + 8 M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estuarine, Coastal And Shelf Science
''Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal on ocean sciences, with a focus on coastal regions ranging from estuaries up to the edge of the continental shelf. It's published by Elsevier on behalf of the Estuarine Coastal Sciences Association and edited by T.S. Bianchi, M. Elliott, I. Valiela, and E. Wolanski. The journal began in 1973 as ''Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science'' before the name was changed in 1981. The journal is abstracted and indexed in the Science Citation Index, Scopus, PASCAL, Biosis, INSPEC, GEOBASE, and Academic Search Premier. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2020 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the last two years in a given journal, as i ... of 2.929. References External links * Estuarine Coastal S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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