|
Maldanidae
Maldanidae is a family of more than 200 species of Marine life, marine polychaetes commonly known as bamboo worms or maldanid worms. They belong to the order Capitellida, in the phylum Annelida. They are most closely related to family Arenicolidae, and together form the clade Maldanomorpha. Morphology Maldanid worms have a long and cylindrical body that usually bends at one or both ends. It can be divided into four parts: 1) a head, formed by a Dorsal (anatomy), dorsally positioned prostomium that is fused to the peristomium, sometimes with a flattened cephalic plate; 2) a thorax, formed by the first four wikt:chaetigers, chaetigers (i.e. Chaeta, chaetae-bearing metamery, segments), usually with strong spines; 3) an abdomen, with several longer chaetigers that are often followed by a number of achaetous (i.e. without Chaeta, chaetae) segments; 4) a posterior end, with a pygidium that contains the anus. The maldanid pygidium takes a wide variety of forms such as conical, plate-shaped ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhodininae
Rhodininae is a subfamily of marine polychaete worms in the family Maldanidae. Description Rhodininae worms are characterized by a lack of cephalic and pygidial plates, the presence of posteriorly directed collars in the posterior chaetigerous segments in at least one genus, a short low keel formed by the prostomium, acicular spines in notochaetae, absence of neurochaetae in a number of anterior chaetigers, presence of a double row of terebelloid uncini on some chaetigers, subrostral (i.e. below the rostrum) processes without barbules, an indeterminate number of chaetigers, and a conical pygidium The pygidium (plural pygidia) is the posterior body part or shield of crustaceans and some other arthropods, such as insects and the extinct trilobites. In groups other than insects, it contains the anus and, in females, the ovipositor. It is compo .... Classification The subfamily contains 3 genera and 10 species. *'' Rhodine'' – 7 species *'' Boguea'' – 2 species *'' Boguella'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maldanomorpha
Maldanomorpha is a monophyletic group, or clade, of polychaete worms in the phylum Annelida. Several phylogenetic analyses based on morphology (biology), morphological and molecular phylogeny, molecular data have shown that this clade unites the families Arenicolidae and Maldanidae. The two main synapomorphy, synapomorphies, morphological characters described to unite both families, are a Marine_larval_ecology#Larval_development_strategies, lecithotrophic larval development and the presence of an uncinus, a hook-like structure with barbs. References {{Annelid-stub Polychaetes Animals described in 1995 Annelid unranked clades ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lumbriclymeninae
Lumbriclymeninae is a subfamily of marine polychaete worms in the family Maldanidae. Description Rhodininae worms are characterized by a lack of cephalic and pygidial plates, a keel formed by the prostomium, short and curved nuchal groves, a variety of notochaetae forms, anterior neurochaetae shaped as acicular spines in the anterior chaetigers (i.e. segments with chaetae) and as rostrate uncini in posterior chaetigers, a long and conical pygidium The pygidium (plural pygidia) is the posterior body part or shield of crustaceans and some other arthropods, such as insects and the extinct trilobites. In groups other than insects, it contains the anus and, in females, the ovipositor. It is compo ... with many transversal striae, and dark circular rings. Classification The subfamily contains 4 genera and 22 species. *'' Lumbriclymene'' – 10 species *'' Lumbriclymenella'' – 2 species *'' Clymenopsis'' – 4 species *'' Praxillura'' – 6 species References Polychaetes [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Notoproctinae
''Notoproctus'' is a genus of marine polychaete worms in the family Maldanidae. It is the only member of the subfamily Notoproctinae. Description ''Notoproctus'' worms are characterized by the presence of cephalic and pygidial plates, a cephalic plate with a low rim, a wide prostomium that forms a low keel, strongly curved nuchal grooves, notochaetae with long and thick capillaries, neurochaetae shaped as acicular spines or reduced uncini in the first four chaetigers (i.e. segments with chaetae), subsequent chaetigers with a row of rostrate uncini, a pygidium with a flat pygidial plate with a low rim, and an anus dorsal to the plate. They have 10 to 17 chaetigers, and some achaetous (i.e. without chaetae) segments before the pygidium. Classification This genus contains 9 species: *''Notoproctus abyssus'' *''Notoproctus godeffroyi'' *''Notoproctus laevis'' *''Notoproctus lineatus'' *''Notoproctus oculatus'' *''Notoproctus pacificus'' *''Notoproctus scutiferus'' *''Notoproct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capitellida
Capitellida is an order of annelids belonging to the class Polychaeta. Families: * Arenicolidae Johnston, 1835 * Capitellidae Grube, 1862 * Maldanidae Maldanidae is a family of more than 200 species of Marine life, marine polychaetes commonly known as bamboo worms or maldanid worms. They belong to the order Capitellida, in the phylum Annelida. They are most closely related to family Arenicolidae ... Malmgren, 1867 References Annelids {{Annelid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polychaetes
Polychaeta () is a paraphyletic class of generally marine annelid worms, commonly called bristle worms or polychaetes (). Each body segment has a pair of fleshy protrusions called parapodia that bear many bristles, called chaetae, which are made of chitin. More than 10,000 species are described in this class. Common representatives include the lugworm (''Arenicola marina'') and the sandworm or clam worm ''Alitta''. Polychaetes as a class are robust and widespread, with species that live in the coldest ocean temperatures of the abyssal plain, to forms which tolerate the extremely high temperatures near hydrothermal vents. Polychaetes occur throughout the Earth's oceans at all depths, from forms that live as plankton near the surface, to a 2- to 3-cm specimen (still unclassified) observed by the robot ocean probe ''Nereus'' at the bottom of the Challenger Deep, the deepest known spot in the Earth's oceans. Only 168 species (less than 2% of all polychaetes) are known from fresh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parapodia
In invertebrates, the term parapodium ( Gr. ''para'', beyond or beside + ''podia'', feet; plural: parapodia) refers to lateral outgrowths or protrusions from the body. Parapodia are predominantly found in annelids, where they are paired, unjointed lateral outgrowths that bear the chaetae. In several groups of sea snails and sea slugs, 'parapodium' refers to lateral fleshy protrusions. __TOC__ Annelid parapodia Most species of polychaete annelids have paired, fleshy parapodia which are segmentally arranged along the body axis. Parapodia vary greatly in size and form, reflecting a variety of functions, such as gas exchange, anchorage, protection and locomotion. General description Parapodia in polychaetes can be uniramous (consisting of one lobe or ramus) but are usually biramous (two lobes or rami). In the latter case, the dorsal lobes are called notopodia and the ventral lobes neuropodia. Both neuropodia and notopodia may possess a bundle of chaetae (neurochaetae and notochaet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdomen
The abdomen (colloquially called the belly, tummy, midriff, tucky or stomach) is the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis, in humans and in other vertebrates. The abdomen is the front part of the abdominal segment of the torso. The area occupied by the abdomen is called the abdominal cavity. In arthropods it is the posterior (anatomy), posterior tagma (biology), tagma of the body; it follows the thorax or cephalothorax. In humans, the abdomen stretches from the thorax at the thoracic diaphragm to the pelvis at the pelvic brim. The pelvic brim stretches from the lumbosacral joint (the intervertebral disc between Lumbar vertebrae, L5 and Vertebra#Sacrum, S1) to the pubic symphysis and is the edge of the pelvic inlet. The space above this inlet and under the thoracic diaphragm is termed the abdominal cavity. The boundary of the abdominal cavity is the abdominal wall in the front and the peritoneal surface at the rear. In vertebrates, the abdomen is a large body c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pygidium
The pygidium (plural pygidia) is the posterior body part or shield of crustaceans and some other arthropods, such as insects and the extinct trilobites. In groups other than insects, it contains the anus and, in females, the ovipositor. It is composed of fused body segments, sometimes with a tail, and separated from thoracic segments by an articulation.Shultz, J.W. (1990). Evolutionary Morphology And Phylogeny of Arachnida. Cladistics 6: 1–38. Chelicerates In arachnids, the pygidium is formed by reduction of the last three opisthosomal segments to rings where there is no distinction between tergites and sternites. A pygidium is present in Palpigradi, Amblypygi, Thelyphonida, Schizomida, Ricinulei and in the extinct order Trigonotarbida. It is also present in early fossil representatives of horseshoe crabs. Trilobites In trilobites, the pygidium can range from extremely small (much smaller than the head, or cephalon) to larger than the cephalon. They can be smooth, as in order ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anus
The anus (Latin, 'ring' or 'circle') is an opening at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to control the expulsion of feces, the residual semi-solid waste that remains after food digestion, which, depending on the type of animal, includes: matter which the animal cannot digest, such as bones; Summary at food material after the nutrients have been extracted, for example cellulose or lignin; ingested matter which would be toxic if it remained in the digestive tract; and dead or excess gut bacteria and other endosymbionts. Amphibians, reptiles, and birds use the same orifice (known as the cloaca) for excreting liquid and solid wastes, for copulation and egg-laying. Monotreme mammals also have a cloaca, which is thought to be a feature inherited from the earliest amniotes via the therapsids. Marsupials have a single orifice for excreting both solids and liquids and, in females, a separate vagina for reproduction. Female placental mamm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Notochaetae
A chaeta or cheta (from Greek χαίτη “crest, mane, flowing hair"; plural: chaetae) is a chitinous bristle or seta found in annelid worms, (although the term is also frequently used to describe similar structures in other invertebrates such as arthropods). Polychaete annelids, ('polychaeta' literally meaning "many bristles") are named for their chaetae. In Polychaeta, chaetae are found as bundles on the parapodia, paired appendages on the side of the body. The chaetae are epidermal extracellular structures, and clearly visible in most polychaetes. They are probably the best studied structures in these animals. Use in taxonomy and identification The ultrastructure of chaetae is fundamentally similar for all taxa but there is vast diversity in chaetal morphology. Moreover, chaetae bear precise characters for determination of species and taxonomic assessment. The shape, absolute and relative size, number, position, ornamentation and type are important taxonomic characters and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
