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Malakut
Al-Malakut meaning ''Realm of Dominion'' ( ar, عالم الملكوت), also known as Hurqalya, is a proposed invisible realm, featuring in Islamic cosmology. The Quran speaks of "malakut al-samawat" (''Kingdom of God''), supposedly a realm close to God. The concept is attested by the writings of al-Ghazali (c. 1058–1111), but limited to epistemological categories of understanding metaphysical realities (spirits, heavens, etc.). Only centuries later, in particular with the Illuministic school of thought (''Ishrāqi'') and ibn Arabi (1165 – 1240), was it developed into a full ontological concept. ''Malakut'' is sometimes used interchangeably with ''alam al-mithal'', but otherwise distinguished from it as a realm between ''alam al-mithal'' and '' alam al-Jabarut.'' In this context, ''Malakut'' is a plane below the high angels, but higher than the plane where jinn and demons live. The higher realms are not spatially separated worlds but impinge the realms below. Al-Ghazali I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sufi Cosmology
Sufi cosmology ( ar, الكوزمولوجية الصوفية) is a Sufi approach to cosmology which discusses the creation of man and the universe, which according to mystics are the fundamental grounds upon which Islamic religious universe is based. According to Sufi cosmology, God's reason for the creation of this cosmos and humankind is the "manifestation" and "recognition" of Himself as it is stated in Hadith Qudsi – " I was a hidden Treasure; I desired to be recognized so I created the creature". Emanation Islamic Sufis describe the Divine Descent and the creation of universe and humankind in the following stages, when Noor-e-Ahadi (Light of One), coming out of His self-isolated oneness, intended to manifest Himself in multiplicity. These stages are also termed as “Tanzalat-e-Satta. Many saints have explained these Tanzalat-e-Satta in their books. Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi has discussed them in his Arabic book called Tohfa Mursala. They are also discussed in the exeg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alam Al Jabarut
''Alam al-Jabarut'' ( ar, عالم الجبروت ("World of Power") Cyril Glassé, Huston Smith ''The New Encyclopedia of Islam'' Rowman Altamira 2003 pp. 144–45) is realm proposed in Islamic cosmology. According to Suhrawardi (1154–1191), this is the highest realm, and denotes the place of God's presence. Below ''alam al-jabarut'' lies '' alam al-malakut'' ("World of Sovereignty"), followed by alam al-mulk ("World of Dominion"). The term ''jabarut'' doesn't appear in the Quran, but ''al-jabbar'' does (59:23). Thus the things in al-jabarut were whose which cannot change and are compelled in their state of eternity. In the writings of al-Ghazali (c. 1058–1111), ''alam al-jabarut'' has not been conceived as the highest realm yet, but connects the physical realm (''al-mulk'') with the intelligible world (''al-malakut''). First centuries later, ''alam al-jabarut'' becomes an independent ontological realm, latest within the writings of Suhrawardi. Here, '' al-malakut'' is belo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malkuth
Modern: ''Malḵūt'' , Tiberian: ''Malḵūṯ'' , Ashkenazi: ''Malḵūs'' , 'kingdom'), Malkhut Malkhuth or Malchus is the tenth of the sephirot in the Kabbalistic Tree of Life. It sits at the bottom of the Tree, below Yesod. This sephirah has as a symbol the Bride which relates to the sphere of Tiferet, symbolized by the Bridegroom., date=December 2021 Unlike the other nine sephirot, it is an attribute of God which does not emanate from God directly. Rather it emanates from God's creation—when that creation reflects and evinces God's glory from within itself. The word can be translated as "kingdom/kingship". Hermetic and Christian Kabbalah Malkuth means Kingdom. It is associated with the realm of matter/earth and relates to the physical world, the planets and the Solar System. It is important not to think of this sephirah as "unspiritual". Even though Malkuth is the emanation "furthest" from the Divine Source, it is still on the Tree of Life and therefore has its own ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barzakh
Barzakh (Arabic: برزخ, from Persian ''Barzakh'', "limbo, barrier, partition") is an Arabic word meaning "obstacle", "hindrance", "separation", or "barrier". In Islam, it denotes a place separating the living from the hereafter or a phase/"stage" between an individual's death and their resurrection in "the Hereafter". Some scholars believe that good Muslims will have a heavenly experience during this time, and sinners will experience suffering; while some Shia scholars believe the experience will not be like the physical pain or pleasure of the temporal world. Scholars have different definitions of ''Barzakh''. According to Ghazali, Barzakh may be the place for those who go neither to hell nor to heaven. According to Ibn Hazm, Barzakh is also the place for unborn souls, which are elsewhere described as residing in the lowest of the seven heavens, where an angel blows them into the wombs of women. Etymology The Arabic word ''Barzakh'' is derived from the Middle Persian ''B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mount Qaf
Mount Qaf, or Qaf-Kuh, also spelled Cafcuh and Kafkuh ( fa, قافکوه), or Jabal Qaf, also spelled Djebel Qaf ( ar, جبل قاف), or ''Koh-i-Qaf'', also spelled ''Koh-Qaf'' and ''Kuh-i-Qaf'' or ''Kuh-e Qaf'' ( fa, کوہ قاف) is a legendary mountain in the popular mythology of the Middle East. In Islamic tradition, Mount Qaf is said to be the homeland of the jinn and was made out of shining emerald by God. Iranian tradition Historically Iranian power never extended over all of the Northern Caucasus and ancient lore shrouded these high mountains in mystery. In Iranian tradition this mountain could be any of the following: * The highest mountain * The "unknown" mountain referred to as ''Gapkuh''''Qāf'' is the Arabized form of the Middle Persian word ''gâp'' meaning "unknown". The oldest mention of ''Gapkuh'' or the "unknown mountain" is in an inscription of Shapur I (241-272 AD) for the mountains between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. The name of the Caucasus Mounta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Philosophy
Islamic philosophy is philosophy that emerges from the Islamic tradition. Two terms traditionally used in the Islamic world are sometimes translated as philosophy—falsafa (literally: "philosophy"), which refers to philosophy as well as logic, mathematics, and physics; and Kalam (literally "speech"), which refers to a rationalist form of Scholastic Islamic theology which includes the schools of Maturidiyah, Ashaira and Mu'tazila. Early Islamic philosophy began with Al-Kindi in the 2nd century of the Islamic calendar (early 9th century CE) and ended with Averroes (Ibn Rushd) in the 6th century AH (late 12th century CE), broadly coinciding with the period known as the Golden Age of Islam. The death of Averroes effectively marked the end of a particular discipline of Islamic philosophy usually called the Peripatetic Islamic school, and philosophical activity declined significantly in Western Islamic countries such as Islamic Iberia and North Africa. Islamic philosophy persi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shahab Al-Din Yahya Ibn Habash Suhrawardi
"Shihāb ad-Dīn" Yahya ibn Habash Suhrawardī ( fa, شهابالدین سهروردی, also known as Sohrevardi) (1154–1191) was a PersianEdward Craig, Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, "al-Suhrawardi, Shihab al-Din Yahya (1154-91)" Routledge 1998. Excerpt: "Shihab al-Din Yahya ibn Habash ibn Amirak Abu’l-Futuh al-Suhrawardi, known as al-Maqtul (the Slain One) in reference to his execution, and usually referred to as Shaykh al-Ishraq after his school of Illuminationist philosophy (hikmat al-ishraq), was born in AH 549/AD 1154 in the village of Suhraward in northwestern Iran." philosopher and founder of the Iranian school of Illuminationism, an important school in Islamic philosophy. The "light" in his "Philosophy of Illumination" is the source of knowledge. He is referred to by the honorific title ''Shaikh al-ʿIshraq'' "Master of Illumination" and ''Shaikh al-Maqtul'' "the Murdered Master", in reference to his execution for heresy. Mulla Sadra, the Persian sage of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jabulqa And Jabulsa
Jabulqa and Jabulsa ( ar, جابلقا وجابلسا) or Jabalq and Jabars ( ar, جابلق وجابرس), are two legendary cities mentioned in Islam. They are said to be made of emerald and visited by the Prophet in his Night Journey. In a conversation between the Prophet Muhammad and his cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib, a description of the cities are given. They are said to be situated in darkness and contiguous to the primeval Mount Qaf. Jabulqa is located in the eastern-most corner of the world and Jabulsa on the western-most one. The figure Dhu al-Qarnayn, mentioned in the Quran, is said to have tried to visit the cities but gave up halfway. However, he was successful in seeing the rising and setting spots of the Sun. Each city is 12,000 parasangs (at least 36,000 miles) long and wide, with 12,000 gates, and each are guarded by 12,000 men until the Day of Resurrection, when the Qa'im will appear.In the early ''Basa'ir al-darajat'', these cities were inhabited by archetypal mal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nafs
''Nafs'' () is an Arabic word occurring in the Quran, literally meaning "self", and has been translated as "psyche Psyche (''Psyché'' in French) is the Greek term for "soul" (ψυχή). Psyche may also refer to: Psychology * Psyche (psychology), the totality of the human mind, conscious and unconscious * ''Psyche'', an 1846 book about the unconscious by Car ...", "Ego (Freudian), ego" or "soul".Nurdeen Deuraseh and Mansor Abu Talib (2005), "Mental health in Islamic medical tradition", ''The International Medical Journal'' 4 (2), p. 76-79 The term is cognate with the Hebrew word ''nephesh'', נֶפֶשׁ. In the Quran, the word ''nafs'' is used in both the individualistic (verse 2:48) and collective sense (verse 4:1), indicating that although humanity is united in possessing the positive qualities of a ''nafs'', they are individually responsible for exercising the agencies of the "free will" that it provides them. Much of the popular literature on ''nafs'', however, is focu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shaykh Ahmad
Sheikh (pronounced or ; ar, شيخ ' , mostly pronounced , plural ' )—also transliterated sheekh, sheyikh, shaykh, shayk, shekh, shaik and Shaikh, shak—is an honorific title in the Arabic language. It commonly designates a chief of a tribe or a royal family member in Arabian countries, in some countries it is also given to those of great knowledge in religious affairs as a surname by a prestige religious leader from a chain of Sufi scholars. It is also commonly used to refer to a Muslim religious scholar. It is also used as an honorary title by people claiming to be descended from Hasan ibn Ali and Husayn ibn Ali both patrilineal and matrilineal who are grandsons of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The term is literally translated to " Elder" (is also translated to "Lord/Master" in a monarchical context). The word 'sheikh' is mentioned in the 23rd verse of Surah Al-Qasas in the Quran. Etymology and meaning The word in Arabic stems from a triliteral root connected with a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Div (mythology)
Div or dev (Persian: ': ) (with the broader meaning of demons or fiends) are monstrous creatures within Middle Eastern lore. Most of their depictions derive from Persian mythology, integrated to Islam and spread to surrounding cultures including Armenia, Turkic countries and Albania. Although they are not explicitly mentioned within canonical Islamic scriptures, their existence was well accepted by most Muslims just like that of other supernatural creatures. They exist along with jinn, '' peri'' (fairies) and '' shayatin'' (devils) within South- and Central Asia demon-beliefs. They are described as having a body like that of a human, only of gigantic size, with two horns upon their heads and teeth like the tusks of a boar. Powerful, cruel and cold-hearted, they have a particular relish for the taste of human flesh. Some use only primitive weapons, such as stones: others, more sophisticated, are equipped like warriors, wearing armour and using weapons of metal. Despite their unc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalam
''ʿIlm al-Kalām'' ( ar, عِلْم الكَلام, literally "science of discourse"), usually foreshortened to ''Kalām'' and sometimes called "Islamic scholastic theology" or "speculative theology", is the philosophical study of Islamic doctrine (aqa'id''). It was born out of the need to establish and defend the tenets of the Islamic faith against the philosophical doubters. However, this picture has been increasingly questioned by scholarship that attempts to show that kalām was in fact a demonstrative rather than a dialectical science and was always intellectually creative. The Arabic term ''Kalām'' means "speech, word, utterance" among other things. There are many possible interpretations as to why this discipline was originally called so; one is that one of the widest controversies in this discipline, in the second and third centuries of Hijra, has been about whether the "Word of God" (''Kalām Allāh''), as revealed in the Quran, is an eternal attribute of God and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
