Makua Languages

	Makua Languages The Makua or Makhuwa languages are a branch of Bantu languages spoken primarily in Mozambique. Name The name ''Makua (Macua)'', more precisely ''Makhuwa'', is used on three levels. Some sources distinguish these with differences in spelling 'Makua' vs. 'Makhuwa', but they are not consistent. #Central Makhuwa, or "Makhuwa-Makhuwana", the prestige dialect and the basis of the national language of Mozambique #The Makhuwa language, including various dialects which also go by the name ''Makhuwa''; sometimes called 'core' or 'nuclear' Makua, but this is not consistent #Closely related languages which often have their own names, such as Lomwe (also known as Western Makua) Classification Makhuwa is assigned to Zone P of the Guthrie classification of Bantu languages. With the classification of the other Zone-P languages as Rufiji–Ruvuma, Makhuwa becomes essentially synonymous with Zone P. However, the zones are geographic rather than genealogical clades. The closest relatives of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Mozambique Mozambique (), officially the Republic of Mozambique ( pt, Moçambique or , ; ny, Mozambiki; sw, Msumbiji; ts, Muzambhiki), is a country located in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west, and Eswatini and South Africa to the southwest. The sovereign state is separated from the Comoros, Mayotte and Madagascar by the Mozambique Channel to the east. The capital and largest city is Maputo. Notably Northern Mozambique lies within the monsoon trade winds of the Indian Ocean and is frequentely affected by disruptive weather. Between the 7th and 11th centuries, a series of Swahili port towns developed on that area, which contributed to the development of a distinct Swahili culture and language. In the late medieval period, these towns were frequented by traders from Somalia, Ethiopia, Egypt, Arabia, Persia, and India. The voyage of Vasco da Gama in 1498 marked the arrival of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Guthrie Classification Of Bantu Languages The 250 or so "Narrow Bantu languages" are conventionally divided up into geographic zones first proposed by Malcolm Guthrie (1967–1971). These were assigned letters A–S and divided into decades (groups A10, A20, etc.); individual languages were assigned unit numbers (A11, A12, etc.), and dialects further subdivided (A11a, A11b, etc.). This coding system has become the standard for identifying Bantu languages; it was the only practical way to distinguish many ambiguously named languages before the introduction of ISO 639-3 coding, and it continues to be widely used. Only Guthrie's Zone S is (sometimes) considered to be a genealogical group. Since Guthrie's time a Zone J (made of languages formerly classified in groups D and E) has been set up as another possible genealogical group bordering the Great Lakes. The list is first summarized, with links to articles on accepted groups of Bantu languages (bold decade headings). Following that is the complete 1948 list, as updated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Moniga Language Moniga, or Makhuwa-Moniga, is a Bantu language spoken by a quarter million Makua people in Mozambique Mozambique (), officially the Republic of Mozambique ( pt, Moçambique or , ; ny, Mozambiki; sw, Msumbiji; ts, Muzambhiki), is a country located in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi .... It is closely related to Cuabo. References Makua languages Languages of Mozambique {{Bantu-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Chuwabu Language Chuwabo (''Echuwabo''), also spelled ''Cuabo'' and ''Txuwabo'', is a Bantu language spoken along the central coast of Mozambique Mozambique (), officially the Republic of Mozambique ( pt, Moçambique or , ; ny, Mozambiki; sw, Msumbiji; ts, Muzambhiki), is a country located in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi .... Maindo, though customarily considered a separate language, is close enough to be a dialect of Chuwabo. References * Makua languages Languages of Mozambique {{Bantu-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Sakati Language Nathembo, or Sakati (Sangaji), is a Bantu language spoken by the Makua people of Mozambique Mozambique (), officially the Republic of Mozambique ( pt, Moçambique or , ; ny, Mozambiki; sw, Msumbiji; ts, Muzambhiki), is a country located in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi .... References Makua languages Languages of Mozambique {{Bantu-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Koti Language The Koti language, or ''Ekoti'' (pronounced ), is a Bantu language spoken in Mozambique by about 64,200 people. Koti is spoken on Koti Island and is also the major language of Angoche, the capital of the district with the same name in the province of Nampula. In terms of genetic classification, Koti is generally considered to belong to the Makhuwa group (P.30 in Guthrie's classification). A large portion of its vocabulary however derives from a past variety of Swahili, today the lingua franca of much of East Africa's coast. This Swahili influence is usually attributed to traders from Kilwa or elsewhere on the Zanzibar Coast, who in the fifteenth century settled at Angoche. Arends et al. suggest it might turn out to be a Makhua–Swahili mixed language.Arends, Muysken, & Smith (1995), ''Pidgins and Creoles: An Introduction'' Geography and demography The place name ''Koti'' refers primarily to the island. An older form is ; this form with the class 2 nominal prefix ''a'' for 'p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Southern Bantu Languages The Southern Bantu languages are a large group of Bantu languages, largely validated in Janson (1991/92).Tore Janson (1991-92) "Southern Bantu and Makua", ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' (''SUGIA'') Vol. 12/13: 63-106, Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, Cologn/ref> They are nearly synonymous with Guthrie's '' Guthrie classification of Bantu languages, Bantu zone S'', apart from the exclusion of Shona and the inclusion of Makhuwa. They include all of the major Bantu languages of South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, Eswatini, and Mozambique, with outliers such as Lozi in Zambia and Namibia, and Ngoni in Zambia, Tanzania and Malawi. Languages Language groups are followed by their code in the Guthrie classification. Makua (P30) * Makhuwa Koti Sakati (Nathembo) Lomwe Chuwabu ** Moniga Chopi (S60) Chopi * Guitonga * Nguni languages (S40) Zunda Xhosa Zulu Ndebele * Northern Ndebele (Zimbabwe Ndebele) Southern Ndebele Tekela * Swati Phuthi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Nyasa Languages The Nyasa languages are an apparently valid genealogical group of Bantu languages. With the reassignment of a couple of Guthrie Zone N languages to other branches, Nyasa is essentially synonymous with Zone N. The languages and their Guthrie identifications are: * '' Tumbuka'' (N21) * ''Tonga language (Malawi)'' (N15) * ''Chewa Chewa may refer to: the Chewa people the Chewa language Chewa (also known as Nyanja, ) is a Bantu language spoken in much of Southern, Southeast and East Africa, namely the countries of Malawi , where it is an official language, and Mozambiq ...'' (''Nyanja'') (N31) * ''Sena'' group (N40): '' Chikunda''-'' Nyungwe'' (N42, N43), '' Sena'' (incl. ''Podzo'', ''Rue'') (N44) The poorly known Mwera (Nyasa) language spoken at Mbamba Bay on the east side of Lake Malawi is classified as N201 and presumably belongs here as well. References {{Bantu-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Rufiji–Ruvuma Languages The Rufiji–Ruvuma languages are a group of Bantu languages established by Gloria Waite (1979) and subsequent researchers: N10 (less Manda Manda may refer to: Places * Kafr Manda, Arab town in the Lower Galilee * Manda Upazila, an upazila in the Division of Rajshahi, Bangladesh * Manda, Kale, a village in Burma * Manda, Guinea, a town in the Labé Region * Manda, Jammu, India, ...), P10 (Ngindo moved to N10), P20. The languages, or clusters, along with their Guthrie identifications are: Ruvuma (P20): * Yao– Mwera *Makonde: Makonde– Machinga, Mabiha Mbinga Ruhuhu (N10): Matengo, Mpoto Matandu (P10): Matumbi, Ndengereko (Rufiji) *Lwegu: Ngindo (P10), Ndendeule, Ndwewe (N10) Songea (N10): Ngoni Among the Guthrie languages not specifically classified are Nindi (N10, said to be close to Ndendeule); and Tonga of Malawi (N10). Nurse moves Manda to Bena–Kinga, but Ehret keeps it here. Notes {{Bantu-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Lomwe Language The Lomwe (Lowe) language, ''Elomwe'', also known as Western Makua, is the fourth-largest language in Mozambique. It belongs with Makua in the group of distinctive Bantu languages in the northern part of the country: The Makhuwa-using area proper (Nampula, etc.) is separated by a large Lomwe-speaking area from the related eChuwabo, although eMakhuwa neighbours eChuwabo in a more coastal zone. To the south, the rather more distantly related Sena (ChiSena) should be assigned to a group with Nyanja and Chewa, while the distinct group which includes Yao, Makonde and Mwera is found to the north. Apart from the regional variations found within eMakhuwa proper, eLomwe uses ch where tt appears in eMakhuwa orthography: for instance eMakhuwa mirette ("remedy") corresponds to eLomwe mirecce, eMakhuwa murrutthu ("dead body") to eLomwe miruchu, eMakhuwa otthapa ("joy") to eLomwe ochapa. Unusual among Bantu languages is the infinitive of the verb with o- instead of the typically Bantu ku- pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Atlantic–Congo Languages The Atlantic–Congo languages are the largest demonstrated family of languages in Africa. They have characteristic noun class systems and form the core of the Niger–Congo family hypothesis. They comprise all of Niger–Congo apart from Mande, Dogon, Ijoid, Siamou, Kru, the Katla and Rashad languages (previously classified as Kordofanian), and perhaps some or all of the Ubangian languages. Mukarovsky's West-Nigritic corresponded roughly to modern Atlantic–Congo. In the infobox, the languages which appear to be the most divergent are placed at the top.Roger BlenchNiger-Congo: an alternative view/ref> The Atlantic branch is defined in the narrow sense, while the former Atlantic branches Mel and the isolates Sua, Gola and Limba, are split out as primary branches; they are mentioned next to each other because there is no published evidence to move them; Volta–Congo is intact apart from Senufo and Kru. In addition, Güldemann (2018) lists Nalu and Rio Nunez as unclassi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
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