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Makino Tadamasa
was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the Edo period.Meyer, Eva-Maria"Gouverneure von Kyôto in der Edo-Zeit". University of Tübingen (in German). The Makino were identified as one of the '' fudai'' or insider ''daimyō'' clans which were hereditary vassals or allies of the Tokugawa clan, in contrast with the '' tozama'' or outsider clans.Alpert, Georges. (1888) ''Ancien Japon'', p. 70./ref> Makino clan genealogy The ''fudai'' Makino clan originated in 16th century Mikawa Province. Their elevation in status by Toyotomi Hideyoshi dates from 1588. They claim descent from Takechiuchi no Sukune,Papinot, Jacques. (2003''Nobiliare du Japon'' -- Makino, p. 29 Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). ''Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie du Japon.'' (in French/German). who was a legendary Statesman and lover of the legendary Empress Jingū.Guth, Christine "Book Revies: ''Japan's Hidden History: Korean Impact on Japanese Culture'' by Jon Carter Covell and Alan Covell,"''Numen.'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nagaoka Domain
was a '' fudai'' feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan. It is located in Echigo Province, Honshū. The domain was centered at Nagaoka Castle, located in what is now part of the city of Nagaoka in Niigata Prefecture. It was often referred to as to disambiguate itself from the smaller in what is now Nagaokakyo, Kyoto. The domain was ruled by the Makino clan for most of its history. During the summer of 1868, it was the center of some of the fiercest fighting during the Boshin War. Admiral Yamamoto Isoroku was the son of a Nagaoka samurai. History The territory of Nagaoka Domain was originally part of the holdings of Takada Domain with the exception of a 60,000 ''koku'' holding called held by a branch of the Hori clan for their services to Toyotomi Hideyoshi. After the daimyō of Takada Domain, Matsudaira Tadateru was disgraced at the Siege of Osaka in 1616 and relieved of his holdings, Hori Naoyori was awarded with Zaodo Domain and an additional 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nagamine Domain
Nagamine (written: 長峯, 長嶺 or 永峰) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include: *, Japanese footballer *, Japanese footballer *, Japanese archer *, Japanese writer, soldier, police officer and karateka *, Japanese karateka *, Japanese anime director See also *, a railway station in Aomori Prefecture, Japan *, a mountain in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan {{surname, Nagamine Japanese-language surnames ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1799 Births
Events January–June * January 9 – British Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger introduces an income tax of two shillings to the pound, to raise funds for Great Britain's war effort in the French Revolutionary Wars. * January 17 – Maltese patriot Dun Mikiel Xerri, along with a number of other patriots, is executed. * January 21 – The Parthenopean Republic is established in Naples by French General Jean Étienne Championnet; King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies flees. * February 9 – Quasi-War: In the single-ship action of USS ''Constellation'' vs ''L'Insurgente'' in the Caribbean, the American ship is the victor. * February 28 – French Revolutionary Wars: Action of 28 February 1799 – British Royal Navy frigate HMS ''Sybille'' defeats the French frigate ''Forte'', off the mouth of the Hooghly River in the Bay of Bengal, but both captains are killed. * March 1 – Federalist James Ross becomes President pro tempore of the United States Senate. * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rōjū
The , usually translated as '' Elder'', was one of the highest-ranking government posts under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan. The term refers either to individual Elders, or to the Council of Elders as a whole; under the first two ''shōguns'', there were only two ''Rōjū''. The number was then increased to five, and later reduced to four. The ''Rōjū'' were appointed from the ranks of the ''fudai daimyōs'' with domains of between 25,000 and 50,000 ''koku''. Duties The ''Rōjū'' had a number of responsibilities, most clearly delineated in the 1634 ordinance that reorganized the government and created a number of new posts: :#Relations with the Emperor, the Court, and the Prince-Abbots. :#Supervision of those ''daimyō'' who controlled lands worth at least 10,000 ''koku''. :#Managing the forms taken by official documents in official communications. :#Supervision of the internal affairs of the Shogun's domains. :#Coinage, public works, and enfiefment. :#Governmental ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daimyo
were powerful Japanese magnates, feudal lords who, from the 10th century to the early Meiji period in the middle 19th century, ruled most of Japan from their vast, hereditary land holdings. They were subordinate to the shogun and nominally to the emperor and the '' kuge''. In the term, means 'large', and stands for , meaning 'private land'. From the ''shugo'' of the Muromachi period through the Sengoku to the ''daimyo'' of the Edo period, the rank had a long and varied history. The backgrounds of ''daimyo'' also varied considerably; while some ''daimyo'' clans, notably the Mōri, Shimazu and Hosokawa, were cadet branches of the Imperial family or were descended from the ''kuge'', other ''daimyo'' were promoted from the ranks of the samurai, notably during the Edo period. ''Daimyo'' often hired samurai to guard their land, and they paid the samurai in land or food as relatively few could afford to pay samurai in money. The ''daimyo'' era ended soon after the Meiji Resto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sakai Tadaaki
,Keene, Donald. (2002) ''Emperor of Japan: Meiji and His World, 1852–1912'', p. 43./ref> also known as Sakai Tadayoshi,Meyer, Eva-Mari Universität Tübingen (in German); Beasley, William G. (1955). ''Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853–1868'', p. 339. was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the Edo period, and he was a prominent shogunal official. He was also known as by his courtesy titles of ''Shūri-daibu'' (1834; and again in 1850); as ''Wakasa-no-kami'' (1841); and ''Ukyō-daibu'' (1862). He was Obama's last ''daimyō'', holding this position until the feudal domains were abolished in 1871. Biography Tadaaki was fifth son of Sakai Tadayuki, and became ''daimyō'' in 1834 on the retirement of Sakai Tadayori without an heir. His wife was a daughter of Matsudaira Terunobu of Takasaki Domain. In 1840, he was given the courtesy title of ''Wakasa-no-kami'' and Lower 4th, Junior grade court rank. In 1842, was appointed a ''sōshaban'' and ''jisha-bugyō'' simultaneously ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manabe Akikatsu
was the 7th ''daimyō'' of Sabae Domain in Echizen Province under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan.Meyer, Eva Maria. (1999) ''Japans Kaiserhof in der Edo-Zeit'', p. 146 His courtesy title was ''Shimōsa-no-kami'', and his Court rank was Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade, later raised to Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade. He was the 8th hereditary chieftain of the Manabe clan. Biography Akikatsu was born at the Sabae Domain's Edo residence as the fifth son of Manabe Akihiro. He became ''daimyō'' on the death of his uncle Manabe Akisane in 1814. Under Shōgun Tokugawa Ieharu he served in a variety of positions in the Tokugawa shogunate, including ''Sōshaban'', ''Jisha-bugyō'', ''Osaka jōdai'', ''Kyoto Shoshidai'' and became ''rōjū'' in 1840. However, due to political disagreements with Mizuno Tadakuni, he was forced from office in 1843. In 1858, he was restored to the post of ''rōjū'' by the ''Tairō'' Ii Naosuke, and quickly was seen as Ii's right-hand man, taking ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harold Bolitho
Harold Bolitho (3 January 1939 – 23 October 2010) was an Australian academic, historian, author and professor emeritus in the Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations at Harvard University. The name Bolitho is of Cornish origin. Career Bolitho received his B.A. from the University of Melbourne in 1961 and his M.A., M.Phil, and PhD degrees from Yale. In 1985, Bolitho was granted tenure as a Professor of Japanese History at Harvard.Georges, Christopher ''et al.' "Waiting for the White Smoke: A Peek at Harvard's Tenure Searches,"''Harvard Crimson.'' 1 December 1984. He was Director of the Edwin O. Reischauer Institute of Japanese Studies from 1988 through 1991. Formerly, Bolitho was a member of the faculty of Monash University and he taught at the University of Melbourne in Victoria, Australia. Bolitho was a Visiting Professor at the Research Institute for Humanities at the University of Kyoto in 1989; and he has been a visiting lecturer at the University of Pennsy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hotta Masayoshi
was the 5th Hotta ''daimyō'' of the Sakura Domain in the Japanese Edo period, who served as chief ''rōjū'' in the Bakumatsu period Tokugawa shogunate, where he played an important role in the negotiations of the Ansei Treaties with various foreign powers.Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric ''et al.'' (2005). "Hotta Masayoshi" in ; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File Early life Hotta Masayoshi was the younger son of the 3rd ''daimyō'' of Sakura, Hotta Masatoki, and was born at the domain's Edo residence. On the death of his father in 1811, he was adopted by his elder brother, the 4th daimyo of Sakura, Hotta Masachika, to secure the family succession. Masachika was of sickly physique and by 1824 there was a movement by the senior line of the Hotta clan to have him removed from office, and replaced by the son of Hotta Masatsu, the daimyo of Katada Domain and a ''wakadoshiyori'' in the government. This was str ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abe Masahiro
was the chief senior councilor (''rōjū'') in the Tokugawa shogunate of the Bakumatsu period at the time of the arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry on his mission to open Japan to the outside world. Abe was instrumental in the eventual signing of the Convention of Kanagawa in 1854. Abe did not sign the treaty himself or participate in the negotiations in person; this was done by his plenipotentiary Hayashi Akira. His courtesy title was ''Ise-no-kami''. Biography Early life Abe Masahiro was born in his family's residence outside Edo Castle. He was the 5th son of Abe Masakiyo, the 5th ''daimyō'' of Fukuyama Domain. Upon his father's death in 1826, his elder brother Masayasu became ''daimyō'' of Fukuyama; Abe was moved to the domain's ''naka-yashiki'' ("middle residence") in Hongō, Edo (modern-day Bunkyō, Tokyo). However, in 1836, Masayasu adopted his brother as heir. Abe became clan leader and ''daimyō'' of Fukuyama upon his brother's retirement on December 25, 1836. In earl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rōjū
The , usually translated as '' Elder'', was one of the highest-ranking government posts under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan. The term refers either to individual Elders, or to the Council of Elders as a whole; under the first two ''shōguns'', there were only two ''Rōjū''. The number was then increased to five, and later reduced to four. The ''Rōjū'' were appointed from the ranks of the ''fudai daimyōs'' with domains of between 25,000 and 50,000 ''koku''. Duties The ''Rōjū'' had a number of responsibilities, most clearly delineated in the 1634 ordinance that reorganized the government and created a number of new posts: :#Relations with the Emperor, the Court, and the Prince-Abbots. :#Supervision of those ''daimyō'' who controlled lands worth at least 10,000 ''koku''. :#Managing the forms taken by official documents in official communications. :#Supervision of the internal affairs of the Shogun's domains. :#Coinage, public works, and enfiefment. :#Governmental ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyoto Shoshidai
The was an important administrative and political office in the Tokugawa shogunate. The office was the personal representative of the military dictators Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi in Kyoto, the seat of the Japanese Emperor, and was adopted by the Tokugawa shōguns. The significance and effectiveness of the office is credited to the third Tokugawa shōgun, Tokugawa Iemitsu, who developed these initial creations as bureaucratic elements in a consistent and coherent whole. The office was similar to the Rokuhara Tandai of the 13th- and 14th-century Kamakura shogunate. ''Tandai'' was the name given to governors or chief magistrates of important cities under the Kamakura shogunate. The office became very important under the Hōjō regents and was always held by a trusted member of the family. Murdoch, James. (1996) ''A History of Japan,'' p. 10 n1./ref> Description The office was expanded and its duties codified as an office in the Tokugawa shogunate. The ''shoshidai'', us ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
