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Majena Language
Majena, also known as Majiena or Maxiena, is an unclassified, now-extinct language, originally spoken by the alleged Ticomeri people of the Llanos de Mojos plains in northwestern Bolivia. Nothing is known about the language itself, but sources state that it was unintelligible to speakers of the nearby Arawakan languages Moxo and Baure (the term "Ticomeri" is a Moxo exonym meaning "other-language") and possibly unrelated to any languages of the area. It may therefore have been a language isolate Language isolates are languages that cannot be classified into larger language families. Korean and Basque are two of the most common examples. Other language isolates include Ainu in Asia, Sandawe in Africa, and Haida in North America. The num .... Speakers of the language were identified in the mission settlement of San Borja in the eighteenth century. There is some confusion between the Majena-speaking Ticomeri and another group, also known as "Ticomeri", who spoke a divergent d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Llanos De Mojos
The Beni savanna, also known as the Llanos de Moxos or Moxos plains, is a tropical savanna ecoregion of the Beni Department of northern Bolivia. Setting The Beni savanna covers an area of in the lowlands of northern Bolivia, with small portions in neighboring Brazil and Peru. Most of the Llanos de Moxos lies within the departments of El Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando, and Santa Cruz. The Llanos de Moxos occupies the southwestern corner of the Amazon basin, and the region is crossed by numerous rivers that drain the eastern slope of the Andes Mountains. The low relief of the savannas, coupled with wet season rains and snowmelt from the Andes, cause up to half the land to flood seasonally. The Beni savanna is surrounded by tropical moist forests; the Southwestern Amazonian moist forests to the north, west, and south, and the Madeira-Tapajós moist forests to the east. Climate The climate of the Beni savanna is tropical, with pronounced wet and dry seasons. The wet season gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolivia
, image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg , flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (red, yellow, and green from top to bottom) with the coat of arms of Bolivia in the center , flag_alt2 = 7 × 7 square patchwork with the (top left to bottom right) diagonals forming colored stripes (green, blue, purple, red, orange, yellow, white, green, blue, purple, red, orange, yellow, from top right to bottom left) , other_symbol = , other_symbol_type = Dual flag: , image_coat = Escudo de Bolivia.svg , national_anthem = " National Anthem of Bolivia" , image_map = BOL orthographic.svg , map_width = 220px , alt_map = , image_map2 = , alt_map2 = , map_caption = , capital = La Paz Sucre , largest_city = , official_languages = Spanish , languages_type = Co-official languages , languages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unclassified Language
An unclassified language is a language whose genetic affiliation to other languages has not been established. Languages can be unclassified for a variety of reasons, mostly due to a lack of reliable data but sometimes due to the confounding influence of language contact, if different layers of its vocabulary or morphology point in different directions and it is not clear which represents the ancestral form of the language. Some poorly known extinct languages, such as Gutian and Cacán, are simply unclassifiable, and it is unlikely the situation will ever change. A supposedly unclassified language may turn out not to be a language at all, or even a distinct dialect, but merely a family, tribal or village name, or an alternative name for a people or language that is classified. If a language's genetic relationship has not been established after significant documentation of the language and comparison with other languages and families, as in the case of Basque in Europe, it is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unclassified Language
An unclassified language is a language whose genetic affiliation to other languages has not been established. Languages can be unclassified for a variety of reasons, mostly due to a lack of reliable data but sometimes due to the confounding influence of language contact, if different layers of its vocabulary or morphology point in different directions and it is not clear which represents the ancestral form of the language. Some poorly known extinct languages, such as Gutian and Cacán, are simply unclassifiable, and it is unlikely the situation will ever change. A supposedly unclassified language may turn out not to be a language at all, or even a distinct dialect, but merely a family, tribal or village name, or an alternative name for a people or language that is classified. If a language's genetic relationship has not been established after significant documentation of the language and comparison with other languages and families, as in the case of Basque in Europe, it is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arawakan Languages
Arawakan (''Arahuacan, Maipuran Arawakan, "mainstream" Arawakan, Arawakan proper''), also known as Maipurean (also ''Maipuran, Maipureano, Maipúre''), is a language family that developed among ancient indigenous peoples in South America. Branches migrated to Central America and the Greater Antilles in the Caribbean and the Atlantic, including what is now the Bahamas. Almost all present-day South American countries are known to have been home to speakers of Arawakan languages, the exceptions being Ecuador, Uruguay, and Chile. Maipurean may be related to other language families in a hypothetical Macro-Arawakan stock. Name The name ''Maipure'' was given to the family by Filippo S. Gilij in 1782, after the Maipure language of Venezuela, which he used as a basis of his comparisons. It was renamed after the culturally more important Arawak language a century later. The term ''Arawak'' took over, until its use was extended by North American scholars to the broader Macro-Arawakan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moxo Languages
Moxo (also known as ''Mojo'', pronounced 'Moho') is any of the Arawakan languages spoken by the Moxo people of the Llanos de Moxos in northeastern Bolivia. The two extant languages of the Moxo people, ''Trinitario'' and ''Ignaciano'', are as distinct from one another as they are from neighboring Arawakan languages. The extinct ''Magiana'' was also distinct. Moxo languages have an active–stative syntax. Sociolinguistic background The languages belong to a group of tribes that originally ranged through the upper Mamoré, extending east and west from the Guapure ( Itenes) to the Beni, and are now centered in the Province of Moxos, Department of Beni, Bolivia. They form part of the Mamoré-Guaporé linguistic area. Moxo was also the primary lingua franca ( es, lengua general) used in the Jesuit Missions of Moxos. Ignaciano is used in town meetings unless outsiders are present, and it is a required subject in the lower school grades, one session per week. Perhaps half of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baure Language
Bauré is an endangered Arawakan language spoken by only 40 of the thousand Baure people of the Beni Department of northwest of Magdalena, Bolivia. Some Bible portions have been translated into Bauré. Most speakers have been shifting to Spanish. Orthography Vowels * a - * e - /e* i - /ɪ* o - /ɔ/u Consonants * ch/č/z - ͡ʃ[, [d͡ʒafter n * h/j - [h">_[d͡ʒ.html" ;"title="͡ʃ[, [d͡ʒ">͡ʃ[, [d͡ʒafter n * h/j - [h* k/c/qu/g - [k], [g] after n * m - [m] * n - [n] * p/b - [p], [b] after m * r/l - [r/l] * s - [s] * sh/š/x - [ʃ] * t/d - [t], [d] after n * v/b - [β/b] * w/hu/u - [w] * y - [j] * '/h - [ʔ] Grammar Baure has an active–stative syntax.Aikhenvald, "Arawak", in Dixon & Aikhenvald, eds., ''The Amazonian Languages'', 1999. See also *Llanos de Moxos (archaeology) The Llanos (Spanish ''Los Llanos'', "The Plains"; ) is a vast tropical grassland plain situated to the east of the Andes in Colombia and Venezuela, in northwestern South America. It is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Language Isolate
Language isolates are languages that cannot be classified into larger language families. Korean and Basque are two of the most common examples. Other language isolates include Ainu in Asia, Sandawe in Africa, and Haida in North America. The number of language isolates is unknown. A language isolate is unrelated to any other, which makes it the only language in its own language family. It is a natural language with no demonstrable genealogical (or "genetic") relationships—one that has not been demonstrated to descend from an ancestor common with any other language. One explanation for the existence of language isolates is that they might be the last remaining branch of a larger language family. The language possibly had relatives in the past which have since disappeared without being documented. Another explanation for language isolates is that they developed in isolation from other languages. This explanation mostly applies to sign languages that have arisen independently ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
San Borja, Bolivia
Location San Borja is the seat of the San Borja Municipality, the second municipal section of the José Ballivián Province. The city is located at an elevation of 197 m on the left bank of ''Río Maniqui'', a tributary of Río Rapulo which flows into Río Mamoré. Geography San Borja sits on the far southwestern edge of the Llanos de Moxos. San Borja straddles the transition zone from flat mosaics of floodplains and forest islands, to Southwestern Amazonian Rainforest. San Borja's orography is generally homogenous and flat. San Borja has a tropical monsoon climate, type (Am) in the Köppen classification system bordering on a tropical rainforest climate. Rain is plentiful but divided between a distinct wet and dry season. Like many areas in Bolivia and Latin America generally, San Borja is subject to considerable fluctuations in seasonal and annual precipitation, particularly as a consequence of climate-change related anomalies. Transport By road, San Borja is situ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Languages Of Bolivia
The languages of Bolivia include Bolivian Spanish, Spanish; several dozen indigenous languages, most prominently Aymara language, Aymara, Quechua language, Quechua, Chiquitano language, Chiquitano, and Eastern Bolivian Guaraní language, Guaraní; Bolivian Sign Language (closely related to American Sign Language); and languages of immigrants such as Plautdietsch. Indigenous languages and Spanish are official languages of the state according to the 2009 Constitution. The constitution says that all indigenous languages are official, listing 36 specific languages, of which some are extinct. Spanish and Quechua are spoken primarily in the Andes region, Aymara is mainly spoken in the Altiplano around Lake Titicaca, Chiquitano is spoken in the central part of Santa Cruz department, Santa Cruz, and Guaraní is spoken in the southeast on the border with Paraguay. List of official languages The following languages are listed as official languages in the Constitution of Bolivia. * Boli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unclassified Languages Of South America
The following purported languages of South America are listed as unclassified in Campbell (2012), Loukotka (1968), '' Ethnologue'', and '' Glottolog''. Nearly all are extinct. It is likely that many of them were not actually distinct languages, only an ethnic or regional name. Campbell (2012) Campbell (2012:116-130) lists the following 395 languages of South America as unclassified. Most are extinct.Campbell, Lyle, and Verónica Grondona (eds). 2012. ''The indigenous languages of South America: a comprehensive guide''. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. Many were drawn from Loukotka (1968)Loukotka, Čestmír. 1968. ''Classification of South American Indian Languages'' Los Angeles: Latin American Studies Center, UCLA. and Adelaar & Muysken (2004).Adelaar, Willem F.H., and Pieter C. Muysken. 2004. ''The Languages of the Andes''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. The majority are not listed in '' Ethnologue''. The list is arranged in alphabetical order. *Aarufi – Colombia *Aburuñ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unattested Languages Of South America
In linguistics, attested languages are languages (living or dead) that have been documented and for which the evidence (attestation) has survived to the present day. Evidence may be recordings, transcriptions, literature or inscriptions. In contrast, unattested languages may be names of purported languages for which no direct evidence exists, languages for which all evidence has been lost, or hypothetical proto-languages proposed in linguistic reconstruction. Within an attested language, particular word forms directly known to have been used (because they appear in the literature, inscriptions or documented speech) are called attested forms. They contrast with unattested forms, which are reconstructions hypothesised to have been used based on indirect evidence (such as etymological patterns). In linguistic texts, unattested forms are commonly marked with a preceding asterisk (*). See also *Historical linguistics *List of languages by first written accounts *Spurious languages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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