Madoitja Language

	Madoitja Language Tjupan (Tjupany) is one of the Wati languages of the large Pama–Nyungan family of Australia. It is sometimes counted as a dialect of the Western Desert Language, but is classified as a distinct language in Bowern. The spelling "Tjupan" follows the Goldfields Language Centre and is used for a small dictionary published by the Ngalia Heritage Research Council. "Madoidja" (Madoitja) is a location name. Extinct Birniridjara ("Pini") was close geographically and was reported to be mutually intelligible, but is undocumented and it is not known if it was closer to Tjupan than to other Western Desert languages. Tjupan is classed as a highly endangered An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular political jurisdiction. Endangered species may be at risk due to factors such as habitat loss, poaching and inva ... language, with only 6 fully fluent speakers remaining. References Wati langu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Lake Carnegie (Western Australia) Lake Carnegie is a large ephemeral lake in the Shire of Wiluna in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia. The lake is named after David Carnegie, who explored much of inland Western Australia in the 1890s. A similar lake lies to its south east - Lake Wells. Description Lake Carnegie is predominately surrounded by desert environments. It lies east of Wiluna and is at the southern edge of the Little Sandy Desert and south western border of the Gibson Desert. It is to the north-east of Leonora. It also lies to the north west of the Great Central Road and the Great Victoria Desert. It lies to the north of the main goldfields region of Western Australia. The lake is approximately in length and approximately at its widest part. It has a total area of approximately , making it one of the largest lakes in Australia. The surface elevation is above mean sea-level. It fills with water only during very rare periods of significant rainfall, such as during the huge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Madoidja The Madoitja or Tjupany were an Aboriginal Australian people of Western Australia. Language The Madoitja language was one of the Wati languages. Location The Madoitja lands, according to an inference from contiguous tribal areas by Norman Tindale, ranged over some of territory, from east of the Three Rivers and Old Peak Hill to Lakes King and Nabberu. Their southern confines lay around Cunyu, touching on the northwestern border of Millrose. They lay north-northeast of the Wajarri. Alternative names * ''Konin.'' * ''Marduidji.'' * ''Milamada.'' * ''Wainawonga'' * ''Waula.'' ( Pini exonym An endonym (from Greek: , 'inner' + , 'name'; also known as autonym) is a common, ''native'' name for a geographical place, group of people, individual person, language or dialect, meaning that it is used inside that particular place, group, ... meaning "northerners.") Notes Citations Sources * * * * {{Authority control Aboriginal peoples of Western Australia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Pama–Nyungan Languages The Pama–Nyungan languages are the most widespread family of Australian Aboriginal languages, containing 306 out of 400 Aboriginal languages in Australia. The name "Pama–Nyungan" is a merism: it derived from the two end-points of the range: the Pama languages of northeast Australia (where the word for "man" is ) and the Nyungan languages of southwest Australia (where the word for "man" is ). The other language families indigenous to the continent of Australia are occasionally referred to, by exclusion, as non-Pama–Nyungan languages, though this is not a taxonomic term. The Pama–Nyungan family accounts for most of the geographic spread, most of the Aboriginal population, and the greatest number of languages. Most of the Pama–Nyungan languages are spoken by small ethnic groups of hundreds of speakers or fewer. The vast majority of languages, either due to disease or elimination of their speakers, have become extinct, and almost all remaining ones are endangered in some ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Wati Languages The Wati languages are the dominant Pama–Nyungan languages of central Australia. They include the moribund Wanman language and the Western Desert dialect continuum A dialect continuum or dialect chain is a series of language varieties spoken across some geographical area such that neighboring varieties are mutually intelligible, but the differences accumulate over distance so that widely separated vari ..., which is sometimes considered to be a dozen distinct languages. It is not clear whether Antakarinya is Warnman or Western Desert. Bowern (2011) adds Ngardi,Bowern, Claire. 2011.How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?, ''Anggarrgoon: Australian languages on the web'', December 23, 2011correctedFebruary 6, 2012) which had previously been classified as Ngumpin–Yapa. Wati is generally included in Southwest Pama–Nyungan by those who accept that proposal. However, SW Pama–Nyungan may be an areal group, and is not included in Bowern (2011). References {{ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Pini Language Spurious languages are languages that have been reported as existing in reputable works, while other research has reported that the language in question did not exist. Some spurious languages have been proven to not exist. Others have very little evidence supporting their existence, and have been dismissed in later scholarship. Others still are of uncertain existence due to limited research. Below is a sampling of languages that have been claimed to exist in reputable sources but have subsequently been disproved or challenged. In some cases a purported language is tracked down and turns out to be another, known language. This is common when language varieties are named after places or ethnicities. Some alleged languages turn out to be hoaxes, such as the Kukurá language of Brazil or the Taensa language of Louisiana. Others are honest errors that persist in the literature despite being corrected by the original authors; an example of this is ', the name given in 1892 to two ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Goldfields Language Centre Goldfield or Goldfields may refer to: Places * Goldfield, Arizona, the former name of Youngberg, Arizona, a populated place in the United States * Goldfield, Colorado, a community in the United States * Goldfield, Iowa, a city in the United States * Goldfield, Nevada, a town in Esmeralda Country, United States * Gold Fields (New Zealand electorate) * Goldfields, Queensland, a locality in the Southern Downs Region, Australia * Goldfields, Saskatchewan, an abandoned hamlet in Canada * An area where gold mining occurs or has historically occurred: Goldfields region of Victoria, Australia Kolar Gold Fields, a major gold mine in India Western Australian Goldfields, a term for areas in Western Australia where gold mining has occurred at any time * Goldfields–Esperance, an officially-designated region of Western Australia *Eastern Goldfields, part of the Western Australian Goldfields in the Goldfields-Esperance region Places designated as Gold Fields or Mineral fiel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Ngalia Heritage Research Council Ngalia, Ngaliya or Ngalea may refer to: * Ngalia (Western Desert), an Aboriginal people of the Western Desert in Western Australia and South Australia ** Ngalia (Ngalea or Ooldean), a dialect of the Western Desert language * Ngalia (Northern Territory), an Aboriginal Australian people of the Northern Territory ** Ngaliya, a dialect of the Warlpiri language * Ngalia Basin, a sedimentary basin in central Australia See also * Mantjintjarra Ngalia The Mandjindja or Mantjintjarra are an Aboriginal Australian people of Western Australia belonging to the Western Desert cultural bloc. Country According to Norman Tindale's estimate, the Mandjindja's territory extended over roughly , in the sa ... , a union of the Western Desert Ngalia and Mantjintjarra {{dab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Mutual Intelligibility In linguistics, mutual intelligibility is a relationship between languages or dialects in which speakers of different but related varieties can readily understand each other without prior familiarity or special effort. It is sometimes used as an important criterion for distinguishing languages from dialects, although sociolinguistic factors are often also used. Intelligibility between languages can be asymmetric, with speakers of one understanding more of the other than speakers of the other understanding the first. When it is relatively symmetric, it is characterized as "mutual". It exists in differing degrees among many related or geographically proximate languages of the world, often in the context of a dialect continuum. Intelligibility Factors An individual's achievement of moderate proficiency or understanding in a language (called L2) other than their first language (L1) typically requires considerable time and effort through study and practical application if the two l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Endangered Language An endangered language or moribund language is a language that is at risk of disappearing as its speakers die out or shift to speaking other languages. Language loss occurs when the language has no more native speakers and becomes a "dead language". If no one can speak the language at all, it becomes an "extinct language". A dead language may still be studied through recordings or writings, but it is still dead or extinct unless there are fluent speakers. Although languages have always become extinct throughout human history, they are currently dying at an accelerated rate because of globalization, imperialism, neocolonialism and linguicide (language killing). Language shift most commonly occurs when speakers switch to a language associated with social or economic power or spoken more widely, the ultimate result being language death. The general consensus is that there are between 6,000 and 7,000 languages currently spoken. Some linguists estimate that between 50% and 90% of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]