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Macquaria Ambigua
''Macquaria'' is a genus of medium-sized, predatory temperate perches endemic to Australia. They are found in rivers and estuaries of the eastern part of the continent. Species The currently recognized species in this genus are: * ''Macquaria ambigua'' ( J. Richardson, 1845), commonly known as golden perch or "yellowbelly" * ''Macquaria australasica'' (G. Cuvier, 1830), commonly known as Macquarie perch * ''Macquaria colonorum'' ( Günther, 1863), commonly known as estuary perch * ''Macquaria novemaculeata'' (Steindachner, 1866), commonly known as Australian bass Taxonomy Some workers have found that the genus ''Macquaria'' is polyphyletic and that the two catadromous species ''Macquaria colonorum'' and '' M. novemaculeata'' are not the closest relatives of the other two species in the genus and are placed in the genus ''Percalates'' in the monotypic family Percalatidae These authors also found that the Percichthyidae and the Percalatidae were part of one of three cladea within ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georges Cuvier
Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric, Baron Cuvier (; 23 August 1769 – 13 May 1832), known as Georges Cuvier, was a French natural history, naturalist and zoology, zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "founding father of paleontology". Cuvier was a major figure in natural sciences research in the early 19th century and was instrumental in establishing the fields of comparative anatomy and paleontology through his work in comparing living animals with fossils. Cuvier's work is considered the foundation of vertebrate paleontology, and he expanded Linnaean taxonomy by grouping classes into phylum, phyla and incorporating both fossils and living species into the classification. Cuvier is also known for establishing extinction as a fact—at the time, extinction was considered by many of Cuvier's contemporaries to be merely controversial speculation. In his ''Essay on the Theory of the Earth'' (1813) Cuvier proposed that now-extinct species had been wiped out by periodic catastrophi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estuary Perch
The estuary perch (''Macquaria colonorum'') is a species of temperate perch endemic to south-eastern Australia, where it prefers brackish waters such as lower tidal reaches of coastal lakes, rivers, and streams. Appearance It is very similar to and very closely related to its sister species, the Australian bass, ''Macquaria novemaculeata'', differing in having a slightly more "scooped" forehead and reaching a larger length of . Most individuals only reach around . The greatest recorded weight for a specimen of this species is , there is very little evidence for this, most people assume it was a typo i.e. it was 10 lb and not 10 kg. Reproduction Estuary perch breed in winter at the same time as Australian bass, and are similarly sexually dimorphic, with females larger than males. Females reach sexual maturity at older ages and larger sizes than males. In Victoria, estuary perch/Australian bass hybrids are regularly recorded; most hybrids appear to be reproductively v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macquaria
''Macquaria'' is a genus of medium-sized, predatory temperate perches endemic to Australia. They are found in rivers and estuaries of the eastern part of the continent. Species The currently recognized species in this genus are: * ''Macquaria ambigua'' ( J. Richardson, 1845), commonly known as golden perch or "yellowbelly" * '' Macquaria australasica'' ( G. Cuvier, 1830), commonly known as Macquarie perch * ''Macquaria colonorum'' ( Günther, 1863), commonly known as estuary perch * ''Macquaria novemaculeata'' ( Steindachner, 1866), commonly known as Australian bass Taxonomy Some workers have found that the genus ''Macquaria'' is polyphyletic and that the two catadromous species ''Macquaria colonorum'' and '' M. novemaculeata'' are not the closest relatives of the other two species in the genus and are placed in the genus ''Percalates'' in the monotypic family Percalatidae These authors also found that the Percichthyidae and the Percalatidae were part of one of three cladea w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Percomorpha
Percomorpha () is a large clade of ray-finned fish that includes the tuna, seahorses, gobies, cichlids, flatfish, wrasse, perches, anglerfish, and pufferfish. Evolution Percomorpha are the most diverse group of teleost fish today. Teleosts, and percomorphs in particular, thrived during the Cenozoic era. Fossil evidence shows that there was a major increase in size and abundance of teleosts immediately after the mass extinction event at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary ca. 65 Ma ago. Phylogeny External relationships The two cladograms below are based on Betancur-R ''et al.'', 2017. Percomorphs are a clade of teleost fishes. The first cladogram shows the interrelationships of percomorphs with other living groups of teleosts. Internal relationships The following cladogram shows the evolutionary relationships of the various groups of extant Extant is the opposite of the word extinct. It may refer to: * Extant hereditary titles * Extant literature, surviving literature, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centrarchiformes
Centrarchiformes is an obsolete order of ray-finned fish, now included amongst the perciformes, with 17 previously included families. This order first appeared about 55.8 million years ago in the Eocene Era, and is composed primarily of omnivores. The order has a wide range that includes the continents of Australia and South America. Many Centrarchiformes look essentially perch-like, featuring a stocky build and a spine-bearing dorsal fin, and range in size from 2.5 cm in length (for '' Elassoma gilberti),'' to 1.8 meters for the '' Maccullochella peelii.'' The order Centrachiformes is not recognized in the 5th Edition of ''Fishes of the World''. Previously included families * Aplodactylidae * Centrarchidae * Cheilodactylidae * Chironemidae * Cirrhitidae * Dichistiidae * Elassomatidae (likely belong within Centrarchidae) * Enoplosidae * Girellidae * Kuhliidae * Kyphosidae * Latridae * Oplegnathidae * Percalatidae * Percichthyidae * Perciliidae * Sinipercidae * Terapon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order (biology)
Order ( la, wikt:ordo#Latin, ordo) is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between Family_(biology), family and Class_(biology), class. In biological classification, the order is a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms and recognized by the nomenclature codes. An immediately higher rank, superorder, is sometimes added directly above order, with suborder directly beneath order. An order can also be defined as a group of related families. What does and does not belong to each order is determined by a taxonomist, as is whether a particular order should be recognized at all. Often there is no exact agreement, with different taxonomists each taking a different position. There are no hard rules that a taxonomist needs to follow in describing or recognizing an order. Some taxa are accepted almost universally, while others are recognized only rarely. The name of an order is usually written with a capital letter. Fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clade
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, the equivalent Latin term ''cladus'' (plural ''cladi'') is often used in taxonomical literature. The common ancestor may be an individual, a population, or a species (extinct or extant). Clades are nested, one in another, as each branch in turn splits into smaller branches. These splits reflect evolutionary history as populations diverged and evolved independently. Clades are termed monophyletic (Greek: "one clan") groups. Over the last few decades, the cladistic approach has revolutionized biological classification and revealed surprising evolutionary relationships among organisms. Increasingly, taxonomists try to avoid naming taxa that are not clades; that is, taxa that are not monophyletic. Some of the relationships between organisms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Percalatidae
''Macquaria'' is a genus of medium-sized, predatory temperate perches endemic to Australia. They are found in rivers and estuaries of the eastern part of the continent. Species The currently recognized species in this genus are: * ''Macquaria ambigua'' ( J. Richardson, 1845), commonly known as golden perch or "yellowbelly" * ''Macquaria australasica'' (G. Cuvier, 1830), commonly known as Macquarie perch * ''Macquaria colonorum'' ( Günther, 1863), commonly known as estuary perch * ''Macquaria novemaculeata'' (Steindachner, 1866), commonly known as Australian bass Taxonomy Some workers have found that the genus ''Macquaria'' is polyphyletic and that the two catadromous species ''Macquaria colonorum'' and '' M. novemaculeata'' are not the closest relatives of the other two species in the genus and are placed in the genus ''Percalates'' in the monotypic family Percalatidae These authors also found that the Percichthyidae and the Percalatidae were part of one of three cladea within ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monotypy
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispecific" or "monospecific" is sometimes preferred. In botanical nomenclature, a monotypic genus is a genus in the special case where a genus and a single species are simultaneously described. In contrast, an oligotypic taxon contains more than one but only a very few subordinate taxa. Examples Just as the term ''monotypic'' is used to describe a taxon including only one subdivision, the contained taxon can also be referred to as monotypic within the higher-level taxon, e.g. a genus monotypic within a family. Some examples of monotypic groups are: Plants * In the order Amborellales, there is only one family, Amborellaceae and there is only one genus, '' Amborella'', and in this genus there is only one species, namely ''Amborella trichopoda.' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Percalates
''Macquaria'' is a genus of medium-sized, predatory temperate perches endemic to Australia. They are found in rivers and estuaries of the eastern part of the continent. Species The currently recognized species in this genus are: * ''Macquaria ambigua'' ( J. Richardson, 1845), commonly known as golden perch or "yellowbelly" * ''Macquaria australasica'' (G. Cuvier, 1830), commonly known as Macquarie perch * ''Macquaria colonorum'' ( Günther, 1863), commonly known as estuary perch * ''Macquaria novemaculeata'' (Steindachner, 1866), commonly known as Australian bass Taxonomy Some workers have found that the genus ''Macquaria'' is polyphyletic and that the two catadromous species ''Macquaria colonorum'' and '' M. novemaculeata'' are not the closest relatives of the other two species in the genus and are placed in the genus ''Percalates'' in the monotypic family Percalatidae These authors also found that the Percichthyidae and the Percalatidae were part of one of three cladea within ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catadromous
Fish migration is mass relocation by fish from one area or body of water to another. Many types of fish migrate on a regular basis, on time scales ranging from daily to annually or longer, and over distances ranging from a few metres to thousands of kilometres. Such migrations are usually done for better feeding or to reproduce, but in other cases the reasons are unclear. Fish migrations involve movements of schools of fish on a scale and duration larger than those arising during normal daily activities. Some particular types of migration are ''anadromous'', in which adult fish live in the sea and migrate into fresh water to spawn; and ''catadromous'', in which adult fish live in fresh water and migrate into salt water to spawn. Marine forage fish often make large migrations between their spawning, feeding and nursery grounds. Movements are associated with ocean currents and with the availability of food in different areas at different times of year. The migratory movements ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyphyly
A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of convergent evolution. The arrangement of the members of a polyphyletic group is called a polyphyly .. ource for pronunciation./ref> It is contrasted with monophyly and paraphyly. For example, the biological characteristic of warm-bloodedness evolved separately in the ancestors of mammals and the ancestors of birds; "warm-blooded animals" is therefore a polyphyletic grouping. Other examples of polyphyletic groups are algae, C4 photosynthetic plants, and edentates. Many taxonomists aim to avoid homoplasies in grouping taxa together, with a goal to identify and eliminate groups that are found to be polyphyletic. This is often the stimulus for major revisions of the classification schemes. Researchers concerned more with ecology than with system ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
