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MPM 76
The MPM-76 (Métro Pneumatique Marseille 1976) is a model of rubber-tyred metro, built by Alstom for the Marseille Metro. History Following the 1971 call for tenders for the creation of the Marseille metro, a contract for the supply of 21 trains (of three cars each) was signed on 1 November 1973. The first train is delivered on August 27, 1976, at Saint-Marcel station. The first tests took place at the La Rose depot in September 1976. The other trains were gradually delivered until the summer of 1977. The trains are designed with the help of RATP and its subsidiary SOFRETU. Tests have also taken place on line 11 of Paris Métro. The construction is ensured by a group of industrialists, including companies CIMT (caisses) and MTE (electrical equipment), under the aegis of ''Société Générale de Travaux et d'Etudes'' (SGTE). On the occasion of the creation of the second metro line, 15 additional trains (with three cars) are ordered and are delivered at the beginning of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alstom
Alstom SA is a French multinational rolling stock manufacturer operating worldwide in rail transport markets, active in the fields of passenger transportation, signalling, and locomotives, with products including the AGV, TGV, Eurostar, Avelia and New Pendolino high-speed trains, in addition to suburban, regional and metro trains, and Citadis trams. Alsthom (originally Als-Thom) was formed by a merger between Compagnie Française Thomson-Houston and the electric engineering division of Société Alsacienne de Constructions Mécaniques in 1928. Significant later acquisitions included the Constructions Electriques de France (1932), shipbuilder Chantiers de l'Atlantique (1976), and parts of ACEC (Belgium, late-1980s). A merger with parts of the General Electric Company (UK) formed GEC Alsthom in 1989. Throughout the 1990s, the company expanded its holdings in the rail sector, via the acquisition of German rolling stock manufacturer Linke-Hofmann-Busch and Italian rail signall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marseille Metro
The Marseille Metro (french: Métro de Marseille) is a rapid transit system serving Marseille, in Southern France. As of 2020, the system comprises two lines, partly underground, serving 31 stations, with an overall route length of . Line 1 opened in 1977, followed by Line 2 in 1984. Two stations, ''Saint-Charles'' and ''Castellane'', each provide interchange between lines. The system's MPM 76 trains use the rubber-tyred metro technology developed by the RATP for some lines of the Paris Métro. In 2012, the Marseille Metro carried approximately 76.7 million passengers, making it a core part of the transport network in the Marseille urban area, with 49% of journeys using the metro. Since 1986, the Régie des transports métropolitains (Régie des transports de Marseille until 2016) has operated the network, operating it since it changed its name on behalf of the Aix-Marseille-Provence Metropolis. Timeline History The first plans for a metro system in Marseille appeared in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rubber-tyred Metro
A rubber-tyred metro or rubber-tired metro is a form of rapid transit system that uses a mix of road and rail technology. The vehicles have wheels with rubber tires that run on rolling pads inside guide bars for traction, as well as traditional railway steel wheels with deep flanges on steel tracks for guidance through conventional switches as well as guidance in case a tyre fails. Most rubber-tyred trains are purpose-built and designed for the system on which they operate. Guided buses are sometimes referred to as 'trams on tyres', and compared to rubber-tyred metros. History The first idea for rubber-tyred railway vehicles was the work of Scotsman Robert William Thomson, the original inventor of the pneumatic tyre. In his patent of 1846 he describes his 'Aerial Wheels' as being equally suitable for, "the ground or rail or track on which they run". The patent also included a drawing of such a railway, with the weight carried by pneumatic main wheels running on a flat board t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RATP Group
RATP may refer to: Transportation: * RATP Group, or ', a public transport operator based in Paris, France * RATP Iași (), a transit operator responsible for public transportation in Iași, Romania * RATP Ploiești (), a transit operator responsible for public transportation in Ploiești Ploiești ( , , ), formerly spelled Ploești, is a city and county seat in Prahova County, Romania. Part of the historical region of Muntenia, it is located north of Bucharest. The area of Ploiești is around , and it borders the Blejoi commu ..., Romania Computation: * Reliable Asynchronous Transfer Protocol (RATP), defined in RFC 916 {{Disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SOFRETU
SOFRETU (Société française d'études et de réalisations de transports urbains) was a French consulting and project development firm created in 1961 by the RATP. It has been merged with ofrerail- a SNCF branch, in 1995 and became Systra. It has been notably involved in the metro planning for Montréal, Mexico City, Santiago de Chile and Tehran Tehran (; fa, تهران ) is the largest city in Tehran Province and the capital of Iran. With a population of around 9 million in the city and around 16 million in the larger metropolitan area of Greater Tehran, Tehran is the most popul .... Engineering companies of France {{France-company-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris Métro Line 11
Paris Métro Line 11 ( French: ''Ligne 11 du métro de Paris'') is one of the sixteen lines of the Paris Métro. It links Châtelet to Mairie des Lilas in the northeastern suburbs. At a length of 6.3 km (3.9 mi) and 13 stations served, it is currently the shortest of the 14 main Métro lines (excluding Line 3bis and Line 7bis) but is being extended by 6 stations. With 47.1 million riders in 2017, it is the thirteenth busiest line of the network. Unlike most Paris Métro lines, Line 11 was not included in the original late 19th century scheme. Designed to replace the former Belleville funicular tramway, it was opened in 1935 and intended to create a more effective transportation system which could handle the increasing traffic on the route, as well as to extend it to the center of Paris. An extension from Mairie des Lilas to Rosny-Bois-Perrier station is currently being built; featuring 6 stations, it will be opened in 2023. The rolling stock of the line is also being repla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris Métro
The Paris Métro (french: Métro de Paris ; short for Métropolitain ) is a rapid transit system in the Paris metropolitan area, France. A symbol of the Paris, city, it is known for its density within the capital's territorial limits, uniform architecture and Paris Métro entrances by Hector Guimard, unique entrances influenced by Art Nouveau. It is mostly underground and long. It has 308 stations, of which 64 have transfers between lines. The Montmartre funicular is considered to be part of the metro system, within which is represented by a 303rd fictive station "Funiculaire". There are 16 lines (with an additional four Grand Paris Express, under construction), numbered 1 to 14, with two lines, Paris Métro Line 3bis, 3bis and Paris Métro Line 7bis, 7bis, named because they started out as branches of Paris Métro Line 3, Line 3 and Paris Métro Line 7, Line 7 respectively. Paris Métro Line 1, Line 1 and Paris Métro Line 14, Line 14 are List of automated train systems, automat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MP 73
The MP 73 (Metro Pneu appel d'offres 1973) is rolling stock on tires for the Paris metro. It essentially equips line 6, a train being also operated on line 11 until 2022. Put into service in 1974, it is technically very close to the MP 59 with an aesthetic of MF 67 and originally a brand new dark blue livery called ''bleu Roi'' (King BLue). It constitutes, after the MP 51, the MP 55 and the MP 59, the fourth Parisian generation of rubber-tired metros. This is the only type of rolling stock in the Paris metro for which all the trains on the market have been put into service in the space of just one year. One MP 73 has been running on Line 11 in a four-car formation. It has intermittently operated on Line 11 since 1976. A six-car MP 73 previously operated on Line 4 on an intermittent basis until 1999, when it was moved back to Line 6. In some cases, trailers of an MP 73 would be paired with trailers of an MP 59, creating a hybrid formation. This practice ended in 1999 when the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MP 59
The MP 59 (French : Métro sur Pneus d'appel d'offres de 1959) is a rubber tyred variant of electric multiple units used on the Paris Métro system, and is the oldest type still in regular passenger service. Manufactured by a consortium between CIMT-Lorraine (body), Jeumont-Schneider (control circuits), Alsthom and CEM (motors), they were first introduced in 1963 when the busiest routes of Lines 1 and 4 were converted to rubber tyred pneumatic operation. The trains circulated on Line 1 between 1963 and 2000, and Line 4 between 1967 and 2012. Today, 24 trains (originally from Line 1) operate on Line 11. Conception Following the success of the MP 55 rolling stock on Line 11, which saw a 5.5% increase in transport capacity, the RATP decided to study the expansion of rubber tyred rolling stock on other metro lines. The decision was made to first convert Line 1, due to it being the busiest line in the system. The decision to also equip Line 4 with rubber tyred stock soon follo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fagus Sylvatica
''Fagus sylvatica'', the European beech or common beech is a deciduous tree belonging to the beech family Fagaceae. Description ''Fagus sylvatica'' is a large tree, capable of reaching heights of up to tall and trunk diameter, though more typically tall and up to trunk diameter. A 10-year-old sapling will stand about tall. It has a typical lifespan of 150–200 years, though sometimes up to 300 years. In cultivated forest stands trees are normally harvested at 80–120 years of age. 30 years are needed to attain full maturity (as compared to 40 for American beech). Like most trees, its form depends on the location: in forest areas, ''F. sylvatica'' grows to over , with branches being high up on the trunk. In open locations, it will become much shorter (typically ) and more massive. The leaves are alternate, simple, and entire or with a slightly crenate margin, long and 3–7 cm broad, with 6–7 veins on each side of the leaf (as opposed to 7–10 veins in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Train Wheel
A train wheel or rail wheel is a type of wheel specially designed for use on railway tracks. The wheel acts as a rolling component, typically press fitted onto an axle and mounted directly on a railway carriage or locomotive, or indirectly on a bogie (in the UK), also called a ''truck'' (in North America). The powered wheels under the locomotive are called driving wheels. Wheels are initially cast or forged and then heat-treated to have a specific hardness. New wheels are machined using a lathe to a standardized shape, called a profile, before being installed onto an axle. All wheel profiles are regularly checked to ensure proper interaction between the wheel and the rail. Incorrectly profiled wheels and worn wheels can increase rolling resistance, reduce energy efficiency and may even cause a derailment. The International Union of Railways has defined a standard wheel diameter of , although smaller sizes are used in some rapid transit railway systems and on ro-ro carriages. Whe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Provence
''La Provence'' is a French language daily newspaper published in Marseille, France. History and profile In 1997 ''La Provence'' was created in Marseille from the merger of two daily newspapers, '' Le Provençal'' of former Interior Minister Gaston Defferre and the '' Le Méridional'' of shipowner and congressman, Jean Alfred Fraissinet. ''La Provence'' was jointly owned by the Groupe Hersant Média and the Groupe Bernard Tapie until July 2013 when the latter became the sole owner of the paper. The publisher of the paper is Hachette Filipacchi Medias, a subsidiary of Lagardère. In 2020, the circulation of ''La Provence'' was of 81,858 copies. See also * List of newspapers in France Below is a list of newspapers in France. National Daily ; Online newspapers * ''Mediapart'' (internet only, investigative journalism) * ''La Tribune'' (switched to internet only since 2012, economics) * '' Slate'' * '' Atlantico'' * '' C ... References External links Official websi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
