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Mutation (other)
A mutation is a change in the sequence of an organism's genetic material. Mutation or mutate may also refer to: Film, television, and literature * ''Mutation'' (novel), a 1990 medical thriller by Robin Cook *Savage Land Mutates, a group of mutants in Marvel Comics *''Human Mutation'', a peer-reviewed medical journal of human genetics *''The Mutations'', a 1974 British horror film, also released as ''The Freakmaker'' * ''The Mutation'' (novel), a book in the Animorphs series, by K.A. Applegate * “Mutations”, an episode of ''The Good Doctor'' Music *Mutation, the process of changing hexachords in medieval music theory * Mutation (organ stop), a type of organ stop that does not sound at unison or octave pitch * ''Mutations'' (Beck album), 1998 * ''Mutations'' (Fight album), 1994 * ''Mutations'' (Vijay Iyer album), 2014 * ''Mutations'' EP, 1992 EP by Orbital * ''Mutate'' (album), 1993 album by Battery *"Mutations", a song by Salt the Wound from their 2009 album, ''Ares'' *''Mut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mutation
In biology, a mutation is an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA. Viral genomes contain either DNA or RNA. Mutations result from errors during DNA or viral replication, mitosis, or meiosis or other types of damage to DNA (such as pyrimidine dimers caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation), which then may undergo error-prone repair (especially microhomology-mediated end joining), cause an error during other forms of repair, or cause an error during replication (translesion synthesis). Mutations may also result from insertion or deletion of segments of DNA due to mobile genetic elements. Mutations may or may not produce detectable changes in the observable characteristics (phenotype) of an organism. Mutations play a part in both normal and abnormal biological processes including: evolution, cancer, and the development of the immune system, including junctional diversity. Mutation is the ultimate source o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ares (album)
''Ares'' is the second album by American deathcore band Salt the Wound. It was released on September 15, 2009, through Rotten Records. Promotion and background Promoting the release of the album, the band performed at a show in Cleveland at the Grog Shop on August 29, 2009, releasing copies of the album during the show, two weeks before the scheduled release. The song "Take a Bow" is the longest Salt the Wound song ever recorded. The band broke up months after the record's release and reformed nearly a year later with original members following ''Ares'' with the release of their third album '' Kill the Crown''. Track listing Personnel ;Salt the Wound *Matt Wesoly – vocals *Jake Scott – guitar *Vince Stropki – guitar *Brian Martinez – bass guitar The bass guitar, electric bass or simply bass (), is the lowest-pitched member of the string family. It is a plucked string instrument similar in appearance and construction to an electric or an acoustic guitar, but w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Village Accountant
A Village accountant or Patwari (Punjab, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, West Bengal), Talati (Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra) or Lekhpal (Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand), is an administrative government position in rural areas of the Indian subcontinent. Introduced during the early 16th century, it was maintained by the British Raj. The official, as a representative of the state, is responsible for keeping land records, agricultural records and collecting taxes. History The ''patwar'' system, introduced to the Indian subcontinent during the rule of Sher Shah Suri, was further enhanced by the Mughal emperor Akbar. The East India Company and subsequently British crown continued with the system with some administrative changes. It denotes the office of the ''talati'' in rural Gujarat, Maharashtra and Karnataka. The office and its holder are known as Talatis, and holders of the office have adopted it as their family name. The ''talati'' replaced the ''kulkarni'' in Gujarat and Maharashtra. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voice Change
' A voice change or voice mutation, sometimes referred to as a voice break or voice crack, commonly refers to the deepening of the voice of men as they reach puberty. Before puberty, both sexes have roughly similar vocal pitch, but during puberty the male voice typically deepens an octave, while the female voice usually deepens only by a few tones. A similar effect is a "voice crack", during which a person's voice suddenly and unintentionally enters a higher register (usually falsetto) for a brief period of time. This may be caused by singing or talking at a pitch outside the person's natural vocal range, stress, fatigue, emotional tension, or the physical changes associated with puberty. An instance of a voice crack (when associated with puberty) lasts for only a moment and generally occurs less frequently as a person grows into maturity. Anatomical changes Most of the voice change begins around puberty. Adult pitch is reached 2–3 years later but the voice does not stabiliz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Affection (linguistics)
Affection (also known as vowel affection, infection or vowel mutation), in the linguistics of the Celtic languages, is the change in the quality of a vowel under the influence of the vowel of the following final syllable. It is a type of anticipatory (or regressive) assimilation at a distance. The vowel that triggers the change was later normally lost. Some grammatical suffixes cause i-affection. In Welsh, "word" and "device suffix" yield "dictionary", with in becoming . The two main types of affection are a-affection and i-affection.Benjamin W. Fortson, ''Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction''. 2nd edition. Blackwell, 2010. , p. 317, 321, 328. There is also u-affection, which is more usually referred to as u-infection. I-affection is an example of i-mutation and may be compared to the Germanic umlaut, and a-affection is similar to Germanic a-mutation. More rarely, the term "affection", like " umlaut", may be applied to other languages and is then a synonym ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Consonant Mutation
Consonant mutation is change in a consonant in a word according to its morphological or syntactic environment. Mutation occurs in languages around the world. A prototypical example of consonant mutation is the initial consonant mutation of all modern Celtic languages. Initial consonant mutation is also found in Indonesian or Malay, in Nivkh, in Southern Paiute and in several West African languages such as Fula. The Nilotic language Dholuo, spoken in Kenya, shows mutation of stem-final consonants, as does English to a small extent. Mutation of initial, medial and final consonants is found in Modern Hebrew. Also, Japanese exhibits word medial consonant mutation involving voicing, ''rendaku'', in many compounds. Uralic languages like Finnish show consonant gradation, a type of consonant mutation. Similar sound changes Initial consonant mutation must not be confused with sandhi, which can refer to word-initial alternations triggered by their phonological environment, unlike mu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apophony
In linguistics, apophony (also known as ablaut, (vowel) gradation, (vowel) mutation, alternation, internal modification, stem modification, stem alternation, replacive morphology, stem mutation, internal inflection etc.) is any alternation within a word that indicates grammatical information (often inflectional). Description Apophony is exemplified in English as the ''internal'' vowel alternations that produce such related words as * sng, sng, sng, sng * bnd, bnd * bld, bld * brd, brd * dm, dm * fd, fd * l, l * rse, rse, rsen * wve, wve * ft, ft * gse, gse * tth, tth The difference in these vowels marks variously a difference in tense or aspect (e.g. ''sing/sang/sung''), transitivity (''rise/raise''), part of speech (''sing/song''), or grammatical number (''goose/geese''). That these sound alternations function grammatically can be seen as they are often equivalent to grammatical suffixes (an ''external modification''). Compare the following: The vowel alternation betw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cluster Algebra
Cluster algebras are a class of commutative rings introduced by . A cluster algebra of rank ''n'' is an integral domain ''A'', together with some subsets of size ''n'' called clusters whose union generates the algebra ''A'' and which satisfy various conditions. Definitions Suppose that ''F'' is an integral domain, such as the field Q(''x''1,...,''x''''n'') of rational functions in ''n'' variables over the rational numbers Q. A cluster of rank ''n'' consists of a set of ''n'' elements of ''F'', usually assumed to be an algebraically independent set of generators of a field extension ''F''. A seed consists of a cluster of ''F'', together with an exchange matrix ''B'' with integer entries ''b''''x'',''y'' indexed by pairs of elements ''x'', ''y'' of the cluster. The matrix is sometimes assumed to be skew-symmetric, so that ''b''''x'',''y'' = –''b''''y'',''x'' for all ''x'' and ''y''. More generally the matrix might be skew-symmetrizable, meaning there are positive integers '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mutation (Jordan Algebra)
In mathematics, a mutation, also called a homotope, of a unital Jordan algebra is a new Jordan algebra defined by a given element of the Jordan algebra. The mutation has a unit if and only if the given element is invertible, in which case the mutation is called a proper mutation or an isotope. Mutations were first introduced by Max Koecher in his Jordan algebraic approach to Hermitian symmetric spaces and bounded symmetric domains of tube type. Their functorial properties allow an explicit construction of the corresponding Hermitian symmetric space of compact type as a compactification of a finite-dimensional complex semisimple Jordan algebra. The automorphism group of the compactification becomes a complex Lie group, complex subgroup, the complexification (Lie group), complexification of its maximal compact subgroup. Both groups act transitively on the compactification. The theory has been extended to cover all Hermitian symmetric spaces using the theory of Jordan pairs or Jordan tri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mutation (knot Theory)
In the mathematical field of knot theory, a mutation is an operation on a knot that can produce different knots. Suppose ''K'' is a knot given in the form of a knot diagram. Consider a disc ''D'' in the projection plane of the diagram whose boundary circle intersects ''K'' exactly four times. We may suppose that (after planar isotopy) the disc is geometrically round and the four points of intersection on its boundary with ''K'' are equally spaced. The part of the knot inside the disc is a tangle. There are two reflections that switch pairs of endpoints of the tangle. There is also a rotation that results from composition of the reflections. A mutation replaces the original tangle by a tangle given by any of these operations. The result will always be a knot and is called a mutant of ''K''. Mutants can be difficult to distinguish as they have a number of the same invariants. They have the same hyperbolic volume (by a result of Ruberman), and have the same HOMFLY polynomial In th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mutation (algebra)
In the theory of algebras over a field, mutation is a construction of a new binary operation related to the multiplication of the algebra. In specific cases the resulting algebra may be referred to as a homotope or an isotope of the original. Definitions Let ''A'' be an algebra over a field ''F'' with multiplication (not assumed to be associative) denoted by juxtaposition. For an element ''a'' of ''A'', define the left ''a''-homotope A(a) to be the algebra with multiplication :x * y = (xa)y. \, Similarly define the left (''a'',''b'') mutation A(a,b) :x * y = (xa)y - (yb)x. \, Right homotope and mutation are defined analogously. Since the right (''p'',''q'') mutation of ''A'' is the left (−''q'', −''p'') mutation of the opposite algebra to ''A'', it suffices to study left mutations.Elduque & Myung (1994) p. 34 If ''A'' is a unital algebra and ''a'' is invertible, we refer to the isotope by ''a''. Properties * If ''A'' is associative then so is any homotope ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mutation (genetic Algorithm)
Mutation is a genetic operator used to maintain genetic diversity from one generation of a population of genetic algorithm chromosomes to the next. It is analogous to biological mutation. The classic example of a mutation operator involves a probability that an arbitrary bit in a genetic sequence will be flipped from its original state. A common method of implementing the mutation operator involves generating a random variable for each bit in a sequence. This random variable tells whether or not a particular bit will be flipped. This mutation procedure, based on the biological point mutation, is called single point mutation. Other types are inversion and floating point mutation. When the gene encoding is restrictive as in permutation problems, mutations are swaps, inversions, and scrambles. The purpose of mutation in GAs is to introduce diversity into the sampled population. Mutation operators are used in an attempt to avoid local minima by preventing the population of chromosomes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
