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Millitome
A millitome (from Latin ''mille'', meaning "thousand," as in millimeter, and the Greek ''temnein'' meaning "to cut") is a device designed to hold a freshly procured organ and facilitate cutting it into many small tissue blocks for usage in single-cell analysis. A millitome has discrete, equally placed cutting grooves in both the ''x'' and ''y'' directions to guide a carbon steel cutting knife to produce uniformly sized slices or cubes of tissue material. Millitome design and usage was developed by the HIVE MC-IU Team, Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana University (PI: Katy Börner; National Institutes of Health, NIH Award No: OT2OD026671) and members of the Cyberinfrastructure for Network Science Center, Cyberinfrastructure for Network Science Center (CNS) for the Human Reference Atlas project, which is part of the National Institutes of Health, U.S. National Institutes of Health Common Fund’s Human Biomolecular Atlas Program (HuBMAP). Millitomes are used to create uniformly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Biomolecular Atlas Program
The Human Biomolecular Atlas Program (HuBMAP) is a program funded by the US National Institutes of Health to characterize the human body at single cell resolution, integrated to other efforts such as the Human Cell Atlas. Among the products of the program is the Azimuth reference datasets for single-cell RNA seq data and the ASCT+B Reporter, a visualization tool for anatomical structures, cell types and biomarkers. Millitomes are used to create uniformly sized tissue blocks that match the shape and size of organs from HuBMAP's 3D Reference Object Library. The HuBMAP received 27 million US dollars The United States dollar (Currency symbol, symbol: Dollar sign, $; ISO 4217, code: USD; also abbreviated US$ or U.S. Dollar, to distinguish it from Dollar, other dollar-denominated currencies; referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, American ... of funding from the NIH in 2020 and about 28.5 million in 2021. References External links Official website Biological databas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
OpenSCAD
OpenSCAD is a free software application for creating solid 3D computer-aided design (CAD) objects. It is a script-only based modeller that uses its own description language; parts can be previewed, but cannot be interactively modified by mouse in the 3D view. An OpenSCAD script specifies geometric primitives (such as spheres, boxes, cylinders, etc.) and defines how they are modified and combined (for instance by intersection, difference, envelope combination and Minkowski sums) to render a 3D model. As such, the program does constructive solid geometry (CSG). OpenSCAD is available for Windows, Linux and macOS. Previewing For fast previewing of models using z-buffering, OpenSCAD employs OpenCSG and OpenGL. The 3D model position can be interactively manipulated in the view with a mouse similarly to other 3D modellers. It is also possible to define a default "camera" position in the script. Part colors can be defined in the 3D view (including transparency). Preview is relat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CSV (file Format)
A comma-separated values (CSV) file is a delimited text file that uses a comma to separate values. Each line of the file is a data record (computer science), record. Each record consists of one or more field (computer science), fields, separated by commas. The use of the comma as a field separator is the source of the name for this file format. A CSV file typically stores Table (information), tabular data (numbers and text) in plain text, in which case each line will have the same number of fields. The CSV file format is not fully standardized. Separating fields with commas is the foundation, but commas in the data or embedded newline, line breaks have to be handled specially. Some implementations disallow such content while others surround the field with quotation marks, which yet again creates the need for escaping if quotation marks are present in the data. The term "CSV" also denotes several closely-related Delimiter-separated values, delimiter-separated formats that use oth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ultimaker
Ultimaker is a 3D printer-manufacturing company based in the Netherlands, with offices and assembly line in the US. They make fused filament fabrication 3D printers, develop 3D printing software, and sell branded 3D printing materials. Their product line includes the Ultimaker S5 and S3, Ultimaker 3 series, Ultimaker 2+ series and Ultimaker Original+. These products are used by industries such as automotive, architecture, healthcare, education, and small scale manufacturing. History Ultimaker BV is a Dutch 3D printer company that was founded in 2011 by Martijn Elserman, Erik de Bruijn, and Siert Wijnia. Ultimaker started selling their products in May 2011. The company's foundation was laid at ProtoSpace Utrecht where Wijnia organized two workshops to build the RepRap Darwin 3D printer. Two Beta-workshops were organized at ProtoSpace Utrecht starting in September and December 2010, each consisting of 10 Monday evenings. Erik de Bruijn and Martijn Elserman assisted at those wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3D Printing
3D printing or additive manufacturing is the Manufacturing, construction of a three-dimensional object from a computer-aided design, CAD model or a digital 3D modeling, 3D model. It can be done in a variety of processes in which material is deposited, joined or solidified under Computer Numerical Control, computer control, with material being added together (such as plastics, liquids or powder grains being fused), typically layer by layer. In the 1980s, 3D printing techniques were considered suitable only for the production of functional or aesthetic prototypes, and a more appropriate term for it at the time was rapid prototyping. , the precision, repeatability, and material range of 3D printing have increased to the point that some 3D printing processes are considered viable as an industrial-production technology, whereby the term ''additive manufacturing'' can be used synonymously with ''3D printing''. One of the key advantages of 3D printing is the ability to produce very ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Visible Human Project
The Visible Human Project is an effort to create a detailed data set of cross-sectional photographs of the human body, in order to facilitate anatomy visualization applications. It is used as a tool for the progression of medical findings, in which these findings link anatomy to its audiences. A male and a female cadaver were cut into thin slices, which were then photographed and digitized. The project is run by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM) under the direction of Michael J. Ackerman. Planning began in 1986; the data set of the male was completed in November 1994 and the one of the female in November 1995. The project can be viewed today at the NLM in Bethesda, Maryland. There are currently efforts to repeat this project with higher resolution images but only with parts of the body instead of a cadaver. Data The male cadaver was encased and frozen in a gelatin and water mixture in order to stabilize the specimen for cutting. The specimen was then "cut" in the a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States National Library Of Medicine
The United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), operated by the United States federal government, is the world's largest medical library. Located in Bethesda, Maryland, the NLM is an institute within the National Institutes of Health. Its collections include more than seven million books, journals, technical reports, manuscripts, microfilms, photographs, and images on medicine and related sciences, including some of the world's oldest and rarest works. The current director of the NLM is Patricia Flatley Brennan.National Library of Medicine Welcomes New Director Dr. Patricia Flatley Brennan . ''National Library of Medicine''. August 15, 2016. History The precursor o ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
STL (file Format)
STL is a file format native to the stereolithography CAD software created by 3D Systems. STL has several backronyms such as "Standard Triangle Language" and "Standard Tessellation Language". This file format is supported by many other software packages; it is widely used for rapid prototyping, 3D printing and computer-aided manufacturing. STL files describe only the surface geometry of a three-dimensional object without any representation of color, texture or other common CAD model attributes. The STL format specifies both ASCII and binary representations. Binary files are more common, since they are more compact. An STL file describes a raw, unstructured triangulated surface by the unit normal and vertices (ordered by the right-hand rule) of the triangles using a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. In the original specification, all STL coordinates were required to be positive numbers, but this restriction is no longer enforced and negative coordinates are commonly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metadata
Metadata is "data that provides information about other data", but not the content of the data, such as the text of a message or the image itself. There are many distinct types of metadata, including: * Descriptive metadata – the descriptive information about a resource. It is used for discovery and identification. It includes elements such as title, abstract, author, and keywords. * Structural metadata – metadata about containers of data and indicates how compound objects are put together, for example, how pages are ordered to form chapters. It describes the types, versions, relationships, and other characteristics of digital materials. * Administrative metadata – the information to help manage a resource, like resource type, permissions, and when and how it was created. * Reference metadata – the information about the contents and quality of statistical data. * Statistical metadata – also called process data, may describe processes that collect, process, or produce st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Single-cell Analysis
In the field of cellular biology, single-cell analysis is the study of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and cell–cell interactions at the single cell level. The concept of single-cell analysis originated in the 1970s. Before the discovery of heterogeneity, single-cell analysis mainly referred to the analysis or manipulation of an individual cell in a bulk population of cells at a particular condition using optical or electronic microscope. To date, due to the heterogeneity seen in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell populations, analyzing a single cell makes it possible to discover mechanisms not seen when studying a bulk population of cells. Technologies such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) allow the precise isolation of selected single cells from complex samples, while high throughput single cell partitioning technologies, enable the simultaneous molecular analysis of hundreds or thousands of single unsorted cells; this is partic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyberinfrastructure For Network Science Center
The Cyberinfrastructure for Network Science (CNS) Center was founded in October 2005 by Professor Katy Börner at Indiana University, Bloomington. It emerged from the Information Visualization Lab at IU that focused on the analysis and visualization of data since 1999. With the advent of CNS, the mission was broadened from providing a research lab to building an entity that would advance datasets, tools, and services for the study of biomedical, social and behavioral science, physics, and other networks. A specific focus of CNS is research on the structure and evolution of science and technology Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is an umbrella term used to group together the distinct but related technical disciplines of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. The term is typically used in the context of ... (S&T) and the communication of results via science maps. The Center organizes international workshops and conferences, promotes netwo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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