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Metropolitan Board Of Health
The New York City Metropolitan Board of Health was the first modern municipal public health authority in the United States. It was founded in 1866 by the New York City Common Council at a suggestion by the New York Academy of Medicine, following a campaign led by Dr. Stephen Smith. The several powers and duties of the health officers are set forth in detail in chapter xix of the first charter creating the City of Greater New York (January 1, 1898; amended, 1901). In 1915 the health department was administered by a board of health, consisting of a commissioner appointed by the mayor, the commissioner of police, and the health officer of the port. History The Board of Health, later known as the Metropolitan Board of Health began after the American Civil War on February 18, 1865, when the first Report of the Council of Hygiene and Public Health of the Citizens' Association of New York (known as ''Citizen's Association Report on the Sanitary Condition of the City'') was written: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New York City
New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the List of United States cities by population density, most densely populated major city in the United States, and is more than twice as populous as second-place Los Angeles. New York City lies at the southern tip of New York (state), New York State, and constitutes the geographical and demographic center of both the Northeast megalopolis and the New York metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban area, urban landmass. With over 20.1 million people in its metropolitan statistical area and 23.5 million in its combined statistical area as of 2020, New York is one of the world's most populous Megacity, megacities, and over 58 million people live within of the city. New York City is a global city, global Culture of New ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francis I
Francis I or Francis the First may refer to: * Francesco I Gonzaga (1366–1407) * Francis I, Duke of Brittany (1414–1450), reigned 1442–1450 * Francis I of France (1494–1547), King of France, reigned 1515–1547 * Francis I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg (1510–1581), reigned 1543–1571 * Francis I, Duke of Nevers (1516–1561), reigned 1539–1561 * Francis I, Duke of Lorraine (1517–1545), reigned 1544–1545 * Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1541–1587), reigned 1574–1587 * Francis I of Beauharnais (died 1587), leading noble of the French House of Beauharnais * Francesco I d'Este, Duke of Modena (1610–1658), reigned 1644–1658 * Francis I Rákóczi (1645–1676), elected prince of Transylvania * Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor (1708–1765), reigned 1745–1765 * Francis I (Erbach-Erbach) (1754–1823), Count of Erbach * Francis I of the Two Sicilies (1777–1830), reigned 1825–1830 * Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, also known as Francis I, Emperor of Au ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Health Departments In The United States
Government departments responsible for health issues and health services in the United States exist at federal, state and local levels. The first, at city level, were founded in the late 18th century; now many operate at city or county level. State-level work began in the mid-19th century, now every state has one. The federal agency now known as the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS or Health Department) originated in 1939. Local Local health departments in the United States were the first health departments in the United States. There is some dispute at the local level as to the claim of being the first to establish a local board or health department. At least four cities claim to be the first health department in the United States. The city of Yakima, WA claims to be the oldest in the nation, established in 1911, the city of Petersburg, Virginia, claims it established the first permanent board of health in 1780. The city of Baltimore, Maryland, claims ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Healthcare In New York City
Healthcare in New York City describe the health care services available in New York City, the largest US city with a population of over eight million. In 2020 approximately 50,000 physicians were working in the city. Insurance The US health system does not provide health care to the country's entire population. Instead, most citizens are covered by a combination of private insurance and various federal and state programs. As of 2017, health insurance was most commonly acquired through a group plan tied to an employer. NY State of Health is the health insurance marketplace for city residents aimed at lowering costs. NYC Health + Hospitals has thMetroPlushealth insurance plans for lower-income residents, anNYC Carefor no- or low-cost services for residents who do not qualify for or cannot afford health insurance. Health infrastructure Hospitals Government The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene is the primary local ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New York City Department Of Health And Mental Hygiene
The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene is the department of the government of New York City responsible for public health along with issuing birth certificates, dog licenses, and conducting restaurant inspection and enforcement. The New York City Board of Health is part of the department. Its regulations are compiled in title 24 of the ''New York City Rules'' (the New York City Health Code). Since March 2022, the commissioner has been Ashwin Vasan. Organization NYC is organized into 30 ''health districts'' (sometimes referred to as health center districts), themselves composed of 354 ''health areas'' which are sets of census tracts. NYC is also organized into 17 ''mental health regions''. History The department was initially set up as the Health Committee (later Commission), a quasi-governmental public health group in response to a yellow fever outbreak in Philadelphia in 1793. Governor John Jay made a proclamation on 13 September 1793 to establish this t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metropolitan Health Bill
The Metropolitan Health Bill was the first bill in the New York state which put legal grounds for comprehensive control of sanitary conditions in the cities.Comments to ''Harper's Weekly'' Cartoon of the Mont“The Hygiene of New York City”/ref> It was signed into the law on February 26, 1866. It was the basis of the Metropolitan Health Law, and the success of its implementation and its thoroughness had made it the example for similar laws all over the United States.Smith, p. 156 History One of the active proponents of the Health Bill, Stephen Smith, in his book ''The City that Was'' outlined the history of the passage of the Health Bill, from his perspective.Stephen Smith, ''The City that Was''Google eBook Stephen Smith recalls the case when a certain tenement building in New York City was identified as a major source of epidemic diseases, but it turned out there was no law or ordinance under which the City Government could force the owner to remedy the situation. Eventually th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New York State Tenement House Act
One of the reforms of the Progressive Era, the New York State Tenement House Act of 1901 was one of the first such laws to ban the construction of dark, poorly ventilated tenement buildings in the state of New York. Among other sanctions, the law required that new buildings must be built with outward-facing windows in every room, an open courtyard, proper ventilation systems, indoor toilets, and fire safeguards. Early tenement acts prior to 1901 This was not the first time that New York State passed a public law that specifically dealt with housing reform. The First Tenement House Act (1867) required fire escapes for each suite and a window for every room, the Second Tenement House Act (1879) ("Old Law") closed a loophole by requiring windows to face a source of fresh air and light, not an interior hallway. An amendment of 1887 required privies interior to the building. The failures of the Old Law — the air shafts developed to meet the minimum intent of the Act proved to be u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apartment Building
An apartment (American English), or flat (British English, Indian English, South African English), is a self-contained housing unit (a type of residential real estate) that occupies part of a building, generally on a single story. There are many names for these overall buildings, see below. The housing tenure of apartments also varies considerably, from large-scale public housing, to owner occupancy within what is legally a condominium (strata title or commonhold), to tenants renting from a private landlord (see leasehold estate). Terminology The term ''apartment'' is favored in North America (although in some cities ''flat'' is used for a unit which is part of a house containing two or three units, typically one to a floor). In the UK, the term ''apartment'' is more usual in professional real estate and architectural circles where otherwise the term ''flat'' is used commonly, but not exclusively, for an apartment on a single level (hence a 'flat' apartment). In some co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stagnant Water
Water stagnation occurs when water stops flowing. Stagnant water can be a major environmental hazard. Dangers Malaria and dengue are among the main dangers of stagnant water, which can become a breeding ground for the mosquitoes that transmit these diseases. Stagnant water can be dangerous for drinking because it provides a better incubator than running water for many kinds of bacteria and parasites. Stagnant water can be contaminated with human and animal feces, particularly in deserts or other areas of low rainfall. Water stagnation for as little as six days can completely change bacterial community composition and increase cell count. Stagnant water may be classified into the following basic, although overlapping, types: * Water body stagnation (stagnation in swamp, lake, lagoon, river, etc.) * Surface and ground waters stagnation * Trapped water stagnation. The water may be trapped in human artifacts (discarded cans, plant pots, tires, dug-outs, roofs, etc.), as well as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Health
Health, according to the World Health Organization, is "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity".World Health Organization. (2006)''Constitution of the World Health Organization''– ''Basic Documents'', Forty-fifth edition, Supplement, October 2006. A variety of definitions have been used for different purposes over time. Health can be promoted by encouraging healthful activities, such as regular physical exercise and adequate sleep, and by reducing or avoiding unhealthful activities or situations, such as smoking or excessive stress. Some factors affecting health are due to individual choices, such as whether to engage in a high-risk behavior, while others are due to structural causes, such as whether the society is arranged in a way that makes it easier or harder for people to get necessary healthcare services. Still, other factors are beyond both individual and group choices, such as genetic disorders. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Factories
A factory, manufacturing plant or a production plant is an industrial facility, often a complex consisting of several buildings filled with machinery, where workers manufacture items or operate machines which process each item into another. They are a critical part of modern economic production, with the majority of the world's goods being created or processed within factories. Factories arose with the introduction of machinery during the Industrial Revolution, when the capital and space requirements became too great for cottage industry or workshops. Early factories that contained small amounts of machinery, such as one or two spinning mules, and fewer than a dozen workers have been called "glorified workshops". Most modern factories have large warehouses or warehouse-like facilities that contain heavy equipment used for assembly line production. Large factories tend to be located with access to multiple modes of transportation, some having rail, highway and water loading ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Corruption
Political corruption is the use of powers by government officials or their network contacts for illegitimate private gain. Forms of corruption vary, but can include bribery, lobbying, extortion, cronyism, nepotism, parochialism, patronage, influence peddling, graft, and embezzlement. Corruption may facilitate criminal enterprise such as drug trafficking, money laundering, and human trafficking, though it is not restricted to these activities. Misuse of government power for other purposes, such as repression of political opponents and general police brutality, is also considered political corruption. Over time, corruption has been defined differently. For example, in a simple context, while performing work for a government or as a representative, it is unethical to accept a gift. Any free gift could be construed as a scheme to lure the recipient towards some biases. In most cases, the gift is seen as an intention to seek certain favors such as work promotion, tipping in or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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