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Meristogenys Stenocephalus
''Meristogenys'' is a genus of true frogs from Borneo. Its tadpoles are adapted to fast-flowing mountain streams and easily recognizable by their divided upper lip with ribs on the outside.Stuart (2008) Taxonomy and systematics Its closest living relative is apparently the hole-in-the-head frog (''Huia cavitympanum''), type species of the highly polyphyletic "wastebin genus" '' Huia''. ''Meristogenys'', having been proposed far more recently than ''Huia'', might be included in the latter on grounds of phylogeny, as most if not all species placed in the ''Huia'' seem to belong elsewhere. But a group of species traditionally placed in ''Huia'' as well as the genus ''Clinotarsus'' are very close relatives, and therefore a taxonomic revision of this group is probably better deferred until the relationships of all taxa involved have been properly assessed.Cai ''et al.'' (2007), Stuart (2008) ''Meristogenys'' on its own is a monophyletic group. Ecology ''Meristogenys'' are common f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meristogenys Orphnocnemis
''Meristogenys orphnocnemis'' is a species of frog in the family Ranidae, sometimes known as Sabah Borneo frog or dusky-footed torrent frog. It is endemic to Borneo and found in the mountains of Sabah (Malaysia), Brunei, and East Kalimantan (Indonesia). Its natural habitats are hilly lowland rainforest, also occurring in slightly disturbed forests. Tadpoles live in clear, rocky forest streams where they cling to rocks in strong currents. Siltation of streams caused by deforestation is a threat to this species. Male ''Meristogenys orphnocnemis'' grow to a snout–vent length of about and females to . Tadpole A tadpole is the larval stage in the biological life cycle of an amphibian. Most tadpoles are fully aquatic, though some species of amphibians have tadpoles that are terrestrial. Tadpoles have some fish-like features that may not be found i ...s are up to in length. References orphnocnemis Endemic fauna of Borneo Amphibians of Brunei Amphibians of Indonesi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monophyletic
In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic groups are typically characterised by shared derived characteristics ( synapomorphies), which distinguish organisms in the clade from other organisms. An equivalent term is holophyly. The word "mono-phyly" means "one-tribe" in Greek. Monophyly is contrasted with paraphyly and polyphyly as shown in the second diagram. A ''paraphyletic group'' consists of all of the descendants of a common ancestor minus one or more monophyletic groups. A '' polyphyletic group'' is characterized by convergent features or habits of scientific interest (for example, night-active primates, fruit trees, aquatic insects). The features by which a polyphyletic group is differentiated from others are not inherited from a common ancestor. These definitions have tak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meristogenys Whiteheadi
''Meristogenys whiteheadi'' is a species of frog in the family Ranidae. It is endemic to Borneo and found in both Indonesia (Kalimantan) and Malaysia (western Sabah). '' Meristogenys stigmachilus'' and ''Meristogenys stenocephalus'', described as new species in 2011, were formerly included in this species. Owing to the difficulty of distinguishing these species under field conditions, the exact range of this species is uncertain. Its common name is Whitehead's Borneo frog or Whitehead's torrent frog. (includes photographs) Etymology This species is named after John Whitehead, explorer who collected the type series from Mount Kinabalu, Malaysia. Description The dorsum is light brown to greenish dark brown. The lips are dark grey to black. The iris is bicoloured, with a reddish orange horizontal band in the middle surrounded by whitish brown bands above and below. The centre of the tympanum usually has a small light circle. The limbs have alternating light- and dark-brown dors ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meristogenys Stigmachilus
''Meristogenys'' is a genus of true frogs from Borneo. Its tadpoles are adapted to fast-flowing mountain streams and easily recognizable by their divided upper lip with ribs on the outside.Stuart (2008) Taxonomy and systematics Its closest living relative is apparently the hole-in-the-head frog (''Huia cavitympanum''), type species of the highly polyphyletic "wastebin genus" '' Huia''. ''Meristogenys'', having been proposed far more recently than ''Huia'', might be included in the latter on grounds of phylogeny, as most if not all species placed in the ''Huia'' seem to belong elsewhere. But a group of species traditionally placed in ''Huia'' as well as the genus ''Clinotarsus'' are very close relatives, and therefore a taxonomic revision of this group is probably better deferred until the relationships of all taxa involved have been properly assessed.Cai ''et al.'' (2007), Stuart (2008) ''Meristogenys'' on its own is a monophyletic group. Ecology ''Meristogenys'' are common f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meristogenys Stenocephalus
''Meristogenys'' is a genus of true frogs from Borneo. Its tadpoles are adapted to fast-flowing mountain streams and easily recognizable by their divided upper lip with ribs on the outside.Stuart (2008) Taxonomy and systematics Its closest living relative is apparently the hole-in-the-head frog (''Huia cavitympanum''), type species of the highly polyphyletic "wastebin genus" '' Huia''. ''Meristogenys'', having been proposed far more recently than ''Huia'', might be included in the latter on grounds of phylogeny, as most if not all species placed in the ''Huia'' seem to belong elsewhere. But a group of species traditionally placed in ''Huia'' as well as the genus ''Clinotarsus'' are very close relatives, and therefore a taxonomic revision of this group is probably better deferred until the relationships of all taxa involved have been properly assessed.Cai ''et al.'' (2007), Stuart (2008) ''Meristogenys'' on its own is a monophyletic group. Ecology ''Meristogenys'' are common f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meristogenys Poecilus
''Meristogenys poecilus'' is a species of frog in the family Ranidae. It is endemic to Borneo and known from between central Sarawak ( Malaysia) and central Kalimantan ( Indonesia). The specific name ''poecilus'' is derived from the Greek ''poikolos'', meaning "pied" or "blotched", in reference to diagnostic pattern on rear of the thigh. Common name Malaysian Borneo frog has been coined for this species. Description Males typically measure and females in snout–vent length. The snout is obtusely pointed and projecting beyond the jaw. The tympanum is visible. The fingers and the toes bear round discs; the toes are fully webbed. The legs are relatively long. Skin is dorsally shagreened; indistinct dorsolateral folds are present. The lower surfaces are rugose, except for the throat that is smooth. Dorsal colouration is chocolate brown, with darker flanks. The upper lip is whitish and the lower lip is barred black and white. A dark brown to blackish brown band runs from the e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meristogenys Phaeomerus
''Meristogenys phaeomerus'' is a species of frog in the family Ranidae. It is endemic to Borneo and known from central Sarawak (Malaysia) and adjacent Kalimantan (Indonesia). The specific name ''phaeomerus'' is derived from the Greek ''phaios'' for "dusky" and ''meros'' for "thigh", in reference to the appearance of the rear of the thigh. Common names Kapit Borneo frog and Kapit torrent frog have been coined for it. Description Males measure and females in snout–vent length. The overall appearance is moderately slender. The snout is obtusely pointed. The tympanum is distinct. The fingers and the toes bear discs with circummarginal grooves. The toes are fully webbed. The dorsum is chocolate brown with small dark spots on the trunk. The upper lip is light brown. The lore bears an indistinct dark streak under the canthus. A blackish brown band runs from behind the eye to the inguinal area. The rear of the thigh is dark brown with small light spots. The tadpoles have a maximu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meristogenys Penrissenensis
''Meristogenys'' is a genus of true frogs from Borneo. Its tadpoles are adapted to fast-flowing mountain streams and easily recognizable by their divided upper lip with ribs on the outside.Stuart (2008) Taxonomy and systematics Its closest living relative is apparently the hole-in-the-head frog (''Huia cavitympanum''), type species of the highly polyphyletic "wastebin genus" '' Huia''. ''Meristogenys'', having been proposed far more recently than ''Huia'', might be included in the latter on grounds of phylogeny, as most if not all species placed in the ''Huia'' seem to belong elsewhere. But a group of species traditionally placed in ''Huia'' as well as the genus ''Clinotarsus'' are very close relatives, and therefore a taxonomic revision of this group is probably better deferred until the relationships of all taxa involved have been properly assessed.Cai ''et al.'' (2007), Stuart (2008) ''Meristogenys'' on its own is a monophyletic group. Ecology ''Meristogenys'' are common f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meristogenys Maryatiae
''Meristogenys maryatiae'', also known as Maryati's torrent frog, is a species of frog in the family Ranidae. It is endemic to the state of Sabah, in the Malaysian part of Borneo. The specific name honours Prof. Datin Mohamed Maryati, entomologist from the Universiti Malaysia Sabah, who helped the describers of this species during their herpetological surveys in Sabah. Description Adult males measure and adult females, based on just two specimens, in snout–vent length. The body is moderately slender. The head is triangular and wider than it is long. The tympanum is distinct, but the supratympanic fold is weak. The fingers are slender and have tips of expanded into discs; no webbing is present. The hindlimbs are slender. The toe tips bear discs similar to the finger ones. The toes are fully webbed. The dorsum is shagreened. The dorsolateral folds are low and indistinct. Dorsal colouration is olive brown with dark spots. The iris is golden. The limbs have alternating light ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meristogenys Macrophthalmus
''Meristogenys macrophthalmus'' is a species of frog in the family Ranidae. It is endemic to Sarawak in northern Borneo (Malaysia) and is only known from its type locality in the Bintulu District. The specific name ''macrophthalmus'' is derived from the Greek words ''macros'' (="large") and ''ophthalmos'' (="eye") and refers to the large eyes of this frog. Common names Matsui's Borneo frog, large-eyed torrent frog, and big-eyed torrent frog have been coined for it. Description This species is only known from the holotype, which is an adult male measuring about in snout–vent length. The body is moderately stout. The snout is somewhat blunt. The eyes are large (diameter ). The tympanum is distinct and also relatively large. The fingers and the toes bear round discs; the toes are fully webbed. Skin is shagreened above. There is a low, glandular dorsolateral fold. The flanks are coarsely granular, the throat smooth, and the venter rugose. Coloration of living animals is unknow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meristogenys Dyscritus
''Meristogenys'' is a genus of true frogs from Borneo. Its tadpoles are adapted to fast-flowing mountain streams and easily recognizable by their divided upper lip with ribs on the outside.Stuart (2008) Taxonomy and systematics Its closest living relative is apparently the hole-in-the-head frog (''Huia cavitympanum''), type species of the highly polyphyletic "wastebin genus" '' Huia''. ''Meristogenys'', having been proposed far more recently than ''Huia'', might be included in the latter on grounds of phylogeny, as most if not all species placed in the ''Huia'' seem to belong elsewhere. But a group of species traditionally placed in ''Huia'' as well as the genus ''Clinotarsus'' are very close relatives, and therefore a taxonomic revision of this group is probably better deferred until the relationships of all taxa involved have been properly assessed.Cai ''et al.'' (2007), Stuart (2008) ''Meristogenys'' on its own is a monophyletic group. Ecology ''Meristogenys'' are common f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meristogenys Amoropalamus
''Meristogenys amoropalamus'' is a species of frog in the family Ranidae. It is endemic to northern Borneo and occurs in northwestern Sabah and northeastern Sarawak (Malaysia) and in northeastern Kalimantan (Indonesia). Common names mountain Borneo frog and mountain torrent frog have been coined for it. Studies of its larvae revealed that the nominal species contained two cryptic forms, and in 2011, Shimada and colleagues described ''Meristogenys dyscritus'' as a separate species. Etymology The specific name ''amoropalamus'' is derived from the Greek words ''amoros'' (="incomplete") and ''palame'' (="web") and refers to the poorly developed toe webbing of this species. Description Adult females grow to about snout–vent length, whereas males are considerably smaller. The maximum lengths reported by Shimada and colleagues are for males and females, respectively. Males are less robustly built than females and have a relatively much larger tympanum. The snout is comparativel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
