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Melanelia Commixta
''Melanelia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Ted Esslinger in 1978. Species *'' Melanelia commixta'' (Nyl.) A.Thell (1995) *'' Melanelia hepatizon'' (Ach.) A.Thell (1995) *'' Melanelia microglabra'' Divakar, Upreti, G.P.Sinha & Elix (2003) – India *'' Melanelia pseudoglabra'' (Essl.) Essl. (1978) *''Melanelia stygia ''Melanelia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. The genus was circumscribed In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a polygon is a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon. The cent ...'' (L.) Essl. (1978) References Parmeliaceae Lichen genera Lecanorales genera Taxa described in 1978 {{Parmeliaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melanelia Stygia
''Melanelia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. The genus was circumscribed In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a polygon is a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon. The center of this circle is called the circumcenter and its radius is called the circumradius. Not every polyg ... by Ted Esslinger in 1978. Species *'' Melanelia commixta'' (Nyl.) A.Thell (1995) *'' Melanelia hepatizon'' (Ach.) A.Thell (1995) *'' Melanelia microglabra'' Divakar, Upreti, G.P.Sinha & Elix (2003) – India *'' Melanelia pseudoglabra'' (Essl.) Essl. (1978) *'' Melanelia stygia'' (L.) Essl. (1978) References Parmeliaceae Lichen genera Lecanorales genera Taxa described in 1978 {{Parmeliaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms. He is known as the "father of modern taxonomy". Many of his writings were in Latin; his name is rendered in Latin as and, after his 1761 ennoblement, as . Linnaeus was born in Råshult, the countryside of Småland, in southern Sweden. He received most of his higher education at Uppsala University and began giving lectures in botany there in 1730. He lived abroad between 1735 and 1738, where he studied and also published the first edition of his ' in the Netherlands. He then returned to Sweden where he became professor of medicine and botany at Uppsala. In the 1740s, he was sent on several journeys through Sweden to find and classify plants and animals. In the 1750s and 1760s, he continued to collect an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melanelia Commixta
''Melanelia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Ted Esslinger in 1978. Species *'' Melanelia commixta'' (Nyl.) A.Thell (1995) *'' Melanelia hepatizon'' (Ach.) A.Thell (1995) *'' Melanelia microglabra'' Divakar, Upreti, G.P.Sinha & Elix (2003) – India *'' Melanelia pseudoglabra'' (Essl.) Essl. (1978) *''Melanelia stygia ''Melanelia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. The genus was circumscribed In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a polygon is a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon. The cent ...'' (L.) Essl. (1978) References Parmeliaceae Lichen genera Lecanorales genera Taxa described in 1978 {{Parmeliaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melanelia Hepatizon
''Melanelia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Ted Esslinger in 1978. Species *''Melanelia commixta'' (Nyl.) A.Thell (1995) *'' Melanelia hepatizon'' (Ach.) A.Thell (1995) *'' Melanelia microglabra'' Divakar, Upreti, G.P.Sinha & Elix (2003) – India *'' Melanelia pseudoglabra'' (Essl.) Essl. (1978) *''Melanelia stygia ''Melanelia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. The genus was circumscribed In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a polygon is a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon. The cent ...'' (L.) Essl. (1978) References Parmeliaceae Lichen genera Lecanorales genera Taxa described in 1978 {{Parmeliaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melanelia Microglabra
''Melanelia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Ted Esslinger in 1978. Species *''Melanelia commixta'' (Nyl.) A.Thell (1995) *''Melanelia hepatizon'' (Ach.) A.Thell (1995) *'' Melanelia microglabra'' Divakar, Upreti, G.P.Sinha & Elix (2003) – India *'' Melanelia pseudoglabra'' (Essl.) Essl. (1978) *''Melanelia stygia ''Melanelia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. The genus was circumscribed In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a polygon is a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon. The cent ...'' (L.) Essl. (1978) References Parmeliaceae Lichen genera Lecanorales genera Taxa described in 1978 {{Parmeliaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melanelia Pseudoglabra
''Melanelia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Ted Esslinger in 1978. Species *''Melanelia commixta'' (Nyl.) A.Thell (1995) *''Melanelia hepatizon'' (Ach.) A.Thell (1995) *''Melanelia microglabra'' Divakar, Upreti, G.P.Sinha & Elix (2003) – India *'' Melanelia pseudoglabra'' (Essl.) Essl. (1978) *''Melanelia stygia ''Melanelia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. The genus was circumscribed In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a polygon is a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon. The cent ...'' (L.) Essl. (1978) References Parmeliaceae Lichen genera Lecanorales genera Taxa described in 1978 {{Parmeliaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family (taxonomy), family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichen
A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in many colors, sizes, and forms and are sometimes plant-like, but are not s. They may have tiny, leafless branches (); flat leaf-like structures ( |
Fungi
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parmeliaceae
The Parmeliaceae is a large and diverse family of Lecanoromycetes. With over 2700 species in 71 genera, it is the largest family of lichen-forming fungi. The most speciose genera in the family are the well-known groups: '' Xanthoparmelia'' ( 822 species), ''Usnea'' (355 species), ''Parmotrema'' ( 255 species), and ''Hypotrachyna'' (262 species). Nearly all members of the family have a symbiotic association with a green alga (most often ''Trebouxia'' spp., but '' Asterochloris'' spp. are known to associate with some species).Miadlikowska, J. ''et al.'' (2006). New insights into classification and evolution of the Lecanoromycetes (Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota) from phylogenetic analyses of three ribosomal RNA- and two protein-coding genes. ''Mycologia'' 98: 1088-1103. http://www.mycologia.org/cgi/reprint/98/6/1088.pdf The majority of Parmeliaceae species have a foliose, fruticose, or subfruticose growth form. The morphological diversity and complexity exhibited by this group is en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circumscription (taxonomy)
In biological taxonomy, circumscription is the content of a taxon, that is, the delimitation of which subordinate taxa are parts of that taxon. If we determine that species X, Y, and Z belong in Genus A, and species T, U, V, and W belong in Genus B, those are our circumscriptions of those two genera. Another systematist might determine that T, U, V, W, X, Y, and Z all belong in genus A. Agreement on circumscriptions is not governed by the Codes of Zoological or Botanical Nomenclature, and must be reached by scientific consensus. A goal of biological taxonomy is to achieve a stable circumscription for every taxon. This goal conflicts, at times, with the goal of achieving a natural classification that reflects the evolutionary history of divergence of groups of organisms. Balancing these two goals is a work in progress, and the circumscriptions of many taxa that had been regarded as stable for decades are in upheaval in the light of rapid developments in molecular phylogenetics ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichen Genera
A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in many colors, sizes, and forms and are sometimes plant-like, but are not s. They may have tiny, leafless branches (); flat leaf-like structures ( |
