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Me'assefim
The Me'assefim () were a group of Hebrew writers who between 1784 and 1811 published their works in the periodical ''Ha-Me'assef'' (), which they had founded. History In 1782 Moses Mendelssohn's German translation of the Pentateuch had appeared. In the ''bi'ur'' or commentary which he added to this translation, he dwelt on the beauty of the Hebrew language, its wealth of imagery, and its adaptability for poetic expression. By his comments on scripture, also, he largely stimulated Hebrew, grammatical, and exegetic studies. The seeds he thus scattered bore fruit even in his lifetime. While reading and discussing Mendelssohn's scriptural expositions, Isaac Abraham Euchel and Mendel Bresslau, who were at that time tutoring in the house of David Friedländer at Königsberg, conceived the idea of causing Hebrew as a literary language to be used more widely among the Jews. Assured of the material support of Simon and Samuel Friedländer, they issued in the spring of 1783 an appeal to all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haskalah
The ''Haskalah'', often termed Jewish Enlightenment ( he, השכלה; literally, "wisdom", "erudition" or "education"), was an intellectual movement among the Jews of Central and Eastern Europe, with a certain influence on those in Western Europe and the Muslim world. It arose as a defined ideological worldview during the 1770s, and its last stage ended around 1881, with the rise of Jewish nationalism. The ''Haskalah'' pursued two complementary aims. It sought to preserve the Jews as a separate, unique collective, and it pursued a set of projects of cultural and moral renewal, including a revival of Hebrew for use in secular life, which resulted in an increase in Hebrew found in print. Concurrently, it strove for an optimal integration in surrounding societies. Practitioners promoted the study of exogenous culture, style, and vernacular, and the adoption of modern values. At the same time, economic production, and the taking up of new occupations was pursued. The ''Haskalah'' pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judah Leib Ben-Ze'ev
Judah Leib Ben-Ze'ev (, ; 18 August 176412 March 1811) was a Galician Jewish philologist, lexicographer, and Biblical scholar. He was a member of the Me'assefim group of Hebrew writers, and a "forceful proponent of revitalizing the Hebrew language". Biography Judah Leib Ben-Ze'ev was born in the Galician town of Lelov and received a traditional Jewish education. He was married off at the age of 13 and settled in the home of his wife's parents in Krakow, where he spent his days studying Talmud and his nights in clandestinely acquiring the knowledge of Hebrew philology and of secular subjects. In 1787 he moved to Berlin, then the centre of the Haskalah movement. There, he supported himself by teaching Hebrew and began publishing poems and parables in the Hebrew press. Ben-Ze'ev became friends with the Me'assefim and contributed to their journal poems and fables signed "Y. L. K." (Yehuda Leib Krakow). In 1790 Ben-Ze'ev took up residence in Breslau, where he wrote and publishe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biurists
The Biurists were a class of Jewish Biblical exegetes, of the school of Moses Mendelssohn. Most of the Biblical commentators immediately preceding Mendelssohn had interpreted the Biblical passages from an individual point of view, and Mendelssohn was concerned to obtain clarity as to the actual meaning of the passages. Biurists in Europe German translation and reaction Mendelssohn compiled for his children a literal German translation of the Pentateuch; and to this Solomon Dubno, a grammarian and Hebraist, undertook to write a ''bi'ur'' or commentary. As soon as a portion of this translation was published, it was criticized by rabbis of the old school, including Raphael ha-Kohen of Hamburg, Ezekiel Landau of Prague, Hirsch Janow of Posen, and Phineas Levi Horwitz of Frankfort-on-the-Main. Fearing that the charm of the German language would lead young Jews to study the translation rather than the Torah itself, and believing that they would thus be led away from orthodox Judais ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meir Obernik
Meir Obernik (; 1764 – 6 November 1805) was a writer and Biblical commentator of the Biurist movement. Obernik contributed to the '' Me'assef'' a great number of fables, and was one of the most active of the Biurists. He translated into German the Books of Joshua and Judges, adding a short commentary (''bi'ur''), and (with ) the Book of Samuel The Book of Samuel (, ''Sefer Shmuel'') is a book in the Hebrew Bible, found as two books (1–2 Samuel) in the Old Testament. The book is part of the narrative history of Ancient Israel called the Deuteronomistic history, a series of books (Joshu .... The translation of the whole Tanakh, with the ''bi'ur'', was edited by Obernik under the title of ''Minḥah ḥadashah'' (Vienna, 1792–1806). References 1764 births 1805 deaths 19th-century Jewish biblical scholars 19th-century translators Hebrew–German translators Jewish translators of the Bible People of the Haskalah Translators of the Bible into German {{Judais ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mendel Bresslau
Mendel ben Ḥayyim Judah Bresslau (; 1760–1829) was a Silesian Hebraist, writer, and bookseller. Along with fellow ''Maskil'' Isaac Abraham Euchel, he founded language in Königsberg the ''Me'assefim'' society for the promotion of the Hebrew. He published numerous articles in the organization's periodical, ''Ha-Me'assef'' ('The Collector'). Among other works, Bresslau was the author of an allegorical ethical dialogue, ''Yaldut u-baḥarut'' ('Childhood and Youth'; Berlin, 1786). He also wrote ''Gelilot Eretz Israel'', a geography of the Land of Israel with two maps (Breslau, 1819), and ''Reshit ha-keriah'' (Breslau, 1834), a Hebrew reader and grammar with the phonetic Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that studies how humans produce and perceive sounds, or in the case of sign languages, the equivalent aspects of sign. Linguists who specialize in studying the physical properties of speech are phoneticians. ... method. Selected publications * * References 1760 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baruch Lindau
Baruch ben Jehuda Löb Lindau (; 1759, Hanover, Holy Roman Empire — 5 December 1849, Berlin, Prussia) was a Jewish-German mathematician, science writer, and translator. Lindau became a member of the circle of the maskilim in Berlin, publishing a series of articles on science and scientific instruments in '' ha-Me'assef''. He was a counselor of the maskilic association ''Chevrat shocharai Ha'tov ve'hatushiya'' and contributed translations of several ''haftarot'' to German for Mendelssohn Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (3 February 18094 November 1847), born and widely known as Felix Mendelssohn, was a German composer, pianist, organist and conductor of the early Romantic music, Romantic period. Mendelssohn's compositi ...'s '' Bi'ur'' project. In 1789, he published his most successful work: ', a Hebrew scientific textbook containing sections on astronomy, physics, biology, and geography. The second part of ''Reshit Limmudim'' was published in 1810, devoted to physics ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baruch Jeitteles
Baruch Jeitteles ( he, ברוך ייטלס) (22 April 1762 – 18 December 1813) was a Jewish scholar, writer, and doctor from Bohemia, associated with the Jewish Enlightenment movement (''Haskalah''). His teachers were Rabbi Yechezkel Landau of Prague and later Moses Mendelssohn of Berlin. Overview Baruch Jeitteles was born on 22 April 1762, in Prague. His father, , was a doctor. Originally a student of Rabbi Yechezkel Landau, Jeitteles travelled to Berlin and studied with Moses Mendelssohn, the foundational figure in the Jewish Enlightenment movement. Jeitteles later returned to Prague and appeared to reconcile with Landau, and adhered to a moderate stance on Jewish Enlightenment issues. Using inherited wealth from his father-in-law, Samuel Porges, Jeitteles established a private rabbinical school and training students from Moravia and Hungary. His son, , was a philosopher and co-founder of a Jewish weekly, "Siona". As a doctor, Jeitteles was a proponent of the smallpox vacc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Haltern
Joseph Haltern (; died 5 September 1818) was a translator of German literature into Hebrew and a member of the ''Me'assefim''. Among other works, Haltern wrote ''Esther'', a Hebrew adaptation of Jean Racine Jean-Baptiste Racine ( , ) (; 22 December 163921 April 1699) was a French dramatist, one of the three great playwrights of 17th-century France, along with Molière and Corneille as well as an important literary figure in the Western traditio ...'s drama of the same name, and published a translation of Gellert's fables. Notes References Year of birth missing 1818 deaths 19th-century German translators Hebrew-language playwrights Jewish dramatists and playwrights Jewish translators Translators from German Translators to Hebrew {{Germany-writer-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Franco Mendes
David Franco Mendes (; 13 August 1713 – 10 October 1792), also known as David Ḥofshi (), was a Dutch-Jewish Hebrew-language poet. He was an early member of the Haskalah in Holland. Biography A businessman, he devoted his leisure hours to the study of the Talmud, in which he became very proficient. He knew several languages and was especially well versed in Hebrew. For six months preceding his death he was honorary secretary of the Spanish-Portuguese community in Amsterdam. David Franco Mendes was regarded as, next to Moses Hayyim Luzzatto and Naphtali Hirz Wessely, the most important Hebrew poet of his time. Delitzsch describes his poems as traditional in subject, national in spirit, and artistic in form. He followed Racine's ''Athalie'' in his historical drama ''Gemul 'Atalyah'' (Amsterdam, 1770; Vienna, 1800; Warsaw, 1860). Under the title ''Teshu'at Yisrael bi-Yede Yehudit'' (Rödelheim, 1840) he translated into Hebrew Pietro Metastasio's ''Betulia liberata ''La '' (''Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moses Ensheim
Moses Ensheim (1750–9 April 1839), also known as Brisac and Moses Metz, was a French-Jewish mathematician and Hebrew poet. Biography Destined for the rabbinate by his parents, Ensheim left his native Metz against his father's will, and for many years led a wandering life. From 1782 to 1785 he was tutor in the family of Moses Mendelssohn in Berlin, having special charge over the education of Abraham Mendelssohn. On leaving Mendelssohn's house he returned to Metz, where he struggled hard to make a living by teaching mathematics. Being a Jew, he was rejected for the position of professor of mathematics at the newly founded École centrale de Metz. Ensheim was a prominent member of the movement instituted by the Me'assefim. In 178, he published a volume of Hebrew riddles. In 1790, Ensheim published ''Shalosh Ḥidot'', a satire against billiards card card games, and two hymns: ''Al-ha-Va'ad ha-Gadol asher bi-medinat Ẓarefat'', addressed to the National Assembly in Versailles, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reform Judaism
Reform Judaism, also known as Liberal Judaism or Progressive Judaism, is a major Jewish denomination that emphasizes the evolving nature of Judaism, the superiority of its ethical aspects to its ceremonial ones, and belief in a continuous search for truth and knowledge, which is closely intertwined with human reason and not limited to the theophany at Mount Sinai. A highly liberal strand of Judaism, it is characterized by lessened stress on ritual and personal observance, regarding ''halakha ''Halakha'' (; he, הֲלָכָה, ), also transliterated as ''halacha'', ''halakhah'', and ''halocho'' ( ), is the collective body of Jewish religious laws which is derived from the written and Oral Torah. Halakha is based on biblical commandm ...'' (Jewish law) as non-binding and the individual Jew as autonomous, and great openness to external influences and progressive values. The origins of Reform Judaism lie in German Confederation, 19th-century Germany, where Rabbi Abraham Geige ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aaron Wolfsohn
Aaron Halle-Wolfssohn (; 1754 or 1756, in probably Halle – 20 March 1835, in Fürth) was a German-Jewish writer, translator, and Biblical commentator. He was a leading writer of the ''Haskalah''. Biography He was born in Halle and died in Fürth. He was professor at the at Breslau from 1792 to 1807. After 1807, private professor in Berlin of the Meyerbeer brothers, and Giacomo Meyerbeer in particular. Some letters between Giacomo Meyerbeer and Aron Wolfssohn were published among the Meyerbeer correspondence. Besides translating much of the ''Tanakh'' into German, he published a Hebrew-German primer Primer may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Films * ''Primer'' (film), a 2004 feature film written and directed by Shane Carruth * ''Primer'' (video), a documentary about the funk band Living Colour Literature * Primer (textbook), a t ... (''Abtalion''), commentaries, essays and the play ''Leichtsinn und Frömmelei'' (written in 1796). Bibliography * Jeremy Dauber (200 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
