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McLoughlin V Jones
McLoughlin is one of nearly two dozen Anglicisms for three Gaelic- Irish surnames: Mac/Nic Lochlainn (most commonly Anglicised ''McLaughlin''), Ó/Ní Maoilsheachlainn (usually ''McLoughlin'' or ''M'Loughlin''), and Mac/Nic Lochnaigh (usually rendered Loughney but occasionally ''McLoughlin'' or ''MacLoughlin''). ''Mac'' and ''Ó'' are masculine prefixes; ''Ní/Nic'' is feminine. Mac is rendered into English as ''Mac'', ''Mc'' and ''M. Ó is rendered ''O' ''. The feminine prefix is rendered into English according to its masculine counterpart (e.g. Nic na Mhara > McNamara, Ni hEaghra > O'Hara). They are used with names that originated as patronymics. Occasionally, the prefix ''Mael/Maol'' is Anglicised ''Mac/Mc''. Origins The surname Mac/Nic Lochlainn originated in the Irish province of Ulster. ''Lochlann'' was originally a name for Scandinavia, especially Norway, so called after the fjords – ''Lochlainn'', the adjectival form, literally means "lake-ish" or "full of lakes ...
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Gaels
The Gaels ( ; ga, Na Gaeil ; gd, Na GĂ idheil ; gv, Ny Gaeil ) are an ethnolinguistic group native to Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man in the British Isles. They are associated with the Gaelic languages: a branch of the Celtic languages comprising Irish, Manx and Scottish Gaelic. Gaelic language and culture originated in Ireland, extending to DĂĄl Riata in western Scotland. In antiquity, the Gaels traded with the Roman Empire and also raided Roman Britain. In the Middle Ages, Gaelic culture became dominant throughout the rest of Scotland and the Isle of Man. There was also some Gaelic settlement in Wales, as well as cultural influence through Celtic Christianity. In the Viking Age, small numbers of Vikings raided and settled in Gaelic lands, becoming the Norse-Gaels. In the 9th century, DĂĄl Riata and Pictland merged to form the Gaelic Kingdom of Alba. Meanwhile, Gaelic Ireland was made up of several kingdoms, with a High King often claiming lordship over ...
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Kingdom Of Mide
Meath (; Old Irish: ''Mide'' ; spelt ''MĂ­'' in Modern Irish) was a kingdom in Ireland from the 1st to the 12th century AD. Its name means "middle," denoting its location in the middle of the island. At its greatest extent, it included all of County Meath (which takes its name from the kingdom), all of Westmeath, and parts of Cavan, Dublin, Kildare, Longford, Louth and Offaly. History ''Mide'' originally referred to the area around the Hill of Uisneach in County Westmeath, where the festival of Beltaine was celebrated. The larger province of Meath, between the Irish Sea and the Shannon, is traditionally said to have been created by TĂșathal Techtmar, an exemplar king, in the first century from parts of the other four provinces. In the fourth and fifth centuries its territories were taken over by the UĂ­ NĂ©ill from Connacht and they pushed out Laigin tribes. The UĂ­ NĂ©ill assumed the ancient titles of Kings of Uisnech in ''Mide'' and Kings of Tara in ''Brega'' and claimed a c ...
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Flann Sinna
Flann Sinna ( lit. ''Flann of the Shannon''; Irish: ''Flann na Sionainne''; 84725 May 916), also known as Flann mac MĂĄel Sechnaill, was the son of MĂĄel Sechnaill mac MĂĄele Ruanaid of Clann CholmĂĄin, a branch of the Southern UĂ­ NĂ©ill. He was King of Mide from 877 onwards and a High King of Ireland. His mother Land ingen DĂșngaile was a sister of Cerball mac DĂșnlainge, King of Osraige. Flann was chosen as the High King of Ireland, also known as King of Tara, following the death of his first cousin and stepfather Áed Findliath on 20 November 879. Flann's reign followed the usual pattern of Irish High Kings, beginning by levying hostages and tribute from Leinster and then to wars with Munster, Ulster and Connacht. Flann was more successful than most kings of Ireland. However, rather than the military and diplomatic successes of his reign, it is his propaganda statements, in the form of monumental high crosses naming him and his father as kings of Ireland, that are exceptional ...
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MĂĄel Sechnaill Mac MĂĄele Ruanaid
MĂĄel Sechnaill mac MĂĄel Ruanaida (Modern Irish: ''Maolsheachlann Mac Maolruanaidh''), also known as MĂĄel Sechnaill I, anglicised as Malachy MacMulrooney (died 27 November 862) was High King of Ireland. The Annals of Ulster use the Old Irish title ''rĂ­ hÉrenn uile'', that is "king of all Ireland", when reporting his death, distinguishing MĂĄel Sechnaill from the usual Kings of Tara who are only called High Kings of Ireland in late sources such as the ''Annals of the Four Masters'' or Geoffrey Keating's ''Foras Feasa ar Éirinn''. According to the "Grand History of the Celts", a traditional book of facts and folklore, Mael Sechnaill was the husband of Mael Muire, the granddaughter of the legendary Alpin, a 9th-century king of Dalriada. Background MĂĄel Sechnaill was son of MĂĄel Ruanaid and grandson of Donnchad Midi mac Domnaill of Clann CholmĂĄin, who was King of Tara from around 778 to 797. Clann CholmĂĄin was a sept of the UĂ­ NĂ©ill which ruled as Kings of Mide in eas ...
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Conchobar Mac Donnchada
Conchobar mac Donnchada (or Conchobar mac Donnchado) was High-King of Ireland with opposition (''rĂ­ Érenn co fressabra'') between 819 and 833. Conchobar was the son of Donnchad Midi, high-king of Ireland (733– 797); his mother was Fuirseach, a noblewoman of the DĂĄl nAraidi. Conchobar married Land, daughter of the former High-King Áed Oirdnide. They had a son named AtrĂ­, who became a cleric at Armagh, as well as three other sons, Cathal, EochĂłcan, and CinĂĄed. Conchobar appears as a historical figure for the first time when, in the year 802, the high-king Áed Oirdnide mac NĂ©ill of CenĂ©l nÉogain, Conchobar's brother-in-law (possibly father-in-law) portioned out the lordship of Clann CholmĂĄin between Conchobar and Ailill. Ailill was Conchobar's brother, but in the following year at Rathconnell, Conchobar killed his brother to take the whole lordship for himself. Only five years later Conchobar, allied now with the king of Connaught, campaigned for the High-Kingship. H ...
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UĂ­ NĂ©ill
The UĂ­ NĂ©ill (Irish pronunciation: ; meaning "descendants of Niall") are Irish dynasties who claim descent from Niall NoĂ­gĂ­allach (Niall of the Nine Hostages), a historical King of Tara who died c. 405. They are generally divided into the Northern and Southern UĂ­ NĂ©ill.Downham, 2018, pp. 93-7. Branches The founders of the UĂ­ NĂ©ill branches are the alleged sons of Niall Noigiallach, seven in all: The Northern UĂ­ NĂ©ill branch: * Conall Gulban, ancestor of the CenĂ©l Conaill dynasty, * EĂłgan, ancestor of the CenĂ©l nEĂłgain dynasty. The Southern UĂ­ NĂ©ill branch: * Éndae, ancestor of the CenĂ©l nÉndai, * Coirpre, ancestor of the CenĂ©l Coirpri dynasty, * LĂłegaire, ancestor of the CenĂ©l LĂłegaire dynasty, * Conall Cremthainne, ancestor of the Clann CholmĂĄin and SĂ­l nÁedo SlĂĄine, * Fiachu, ancestor of the CenĂ©l Fiachach. All these men were in their lifetime known as members of Connachta dynasty, or as "the sons of Niall." The term UĂ­ NĂ©ill did not, by ...
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County Cavan
County Cavan ( ; gle, Contae an Chabhåin) is a Counties of Ireland, county in Republic of Ireland, Ireland. It is in the Provinces of Ireland, province of Ulster and is part of the Border Region. It is named after the town of Cavan and is based on the historic Gaelic Ireland, Gaelic territory of East Breifne, East Breffny (''Bréifne''). Cavan County Council is the Local government in the Republic of Ireland, local authority for the county, which had a population of 76,176 at the 2016 census. Geography Cavan borders six counties: County Leitrim, Leitrim to the west, County Fermanagh, Fermanagh and County Monaghan, Monaghan to the north, County Meath, Meath to the south-east, County Longford, Longford to the south-west and County Westmeath, Westmeath to the south. Cavan shares a border with County Fermanagh in Northern Ireland. Cavan is the 19th largest of the 32 counties in area and the 25th largest by population. The county is part of the Northern and Western Region, a Nom ...
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Leinster
Leinster ( ; ga, Laighin or ) is one of the provinces of Ireland, situated in the southeast and east of Ireland. The province comprises the ancient Kingdoms of Meath, Leinster and Osraige. Following the 12th-century Norman invasion of Ireland The Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland took place during the late 12th century, when Anglo-Normans gradually conquered and acquired large swathes of land from the Irish, over which the kings of England then claimed sovereignty, all allegedly sanc ..., the historic provinces of Ireland, "fifths" of Leinster and Meath gradually merged, mainly due to the impact of the Pale, which straddled both, thereby forming the present-day province of Leinster. The ancient kingdoms were shired into a number of counties of Ireland#2.1 Pre-Norman sub-divisions, counties for administrative and judicial purposes. In later centuries, local government legislation has prompted further sub-division of the historic counties. Leinster has no official funct ...
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County Louth
County Louth ( ; ga, An LĂș) is a coastal county in the Eastern and Midland Region of Ireland, within the province of Leinster. Louth is bordered by the counties of Meath to the south, Monaghan to the west, Armagh to the north and Down to the north-east, across Carlingford Lough. It is the smallest county in Ireland by land area and the 17th most populous, with just over 139,100 residents as of 2022. The county is named after the village of Louth. Louth County Council is the local authority for the county. History County Louth is named after the village of Louth, which in turn is named after Lugh, a god of the ancient Irish. Historically, the placename has had various spellings; , , and (see Historic Names List, for full listing). is the modern simplified spelling. The county is steeped in myth, legend and history, and is a setting in the epic. Later it saw the influence of the Vikings, as seen in the name of Carlingford Lough. They also established a longphort a ...
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County Longford
County Longford ( gle, Contae an Longfoirt) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster. It is named after the town of Longford. Longford County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county was 46,634 at the 2022 census. The county is based on the historic Gaelic territory of Annaly (''Anghaile''), formerly known as Teffia (''Teathbha''). Geography Most of Longford lies in the basin of the River Shannon with Lough Ree forming much of the county's western boundary. The north-eastern part of the county, however, drains towards the River Erne and Lough Gowna. Lakeland, bogland, pastureland, and wetland typify Longford's generally low-lying landscapes: the highest point of the county is in the north-west - Carn Clonhugh (also known as Cairn Hill or Corn Hill) between Drumlish and Ballinalee in the parish of Killoe, at . Cairn Hill is the site of a television transmitter broadcasting to much of the Irish midlands. In the list o ...
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County Offaly
County Offaly (; ga, Contae UĂ­bh FhailĂ­) is a county in Ireland. It is part of the Eastern and Midland Region and the province of Leinster. It is named after the ancient Kingdom of UĂ­ Failghe. It was formerly known as King's County, in honour of Philip II of Spain. Offaly County Council is the local authority for the county. The county population was 82,668 at the 2022 census.
Central Statistics Office figures


Geography and political subdivisions

Offaly is the 18th largest of Ireland's 32 counties by area and the 24th largest in terms of population. It is the fifth largest of Leinster's 12 counties by size and the 10th largest by population.


Physical geography


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County Kildare
County Kildare ( ga, Contae Chill Dara) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and is part of the Eastern and Midland Region. It is named after the town of Kildare. Kildare County Council is the local authority for the county, which has a population of 246,977. Geography and subdivisions Kildare is the 24th-largest of Ireland's 32 counties in area and the seventh largest in terms of population. It is the eighth largest of Leinster's twelve counties in size, and the second largest in terms of population. It is bordered by the counties of Carlow, Laois, Meath, Offaly, South Dublin and Wicklow. As an inland county, Kildare is generally a lowland region. The county's highest points are the foothills of the Wicklow Mountains bordering to the east. The highest point in Kildare is Cupidstown Hill on the border with South Dublin, with the better known Hill of Allen in central Kildare. Towns and villages * Allen * Allenwood * Ardclough * Athy * Ballitore * Ball ...
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