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Markan Priority
Marcan priority is the hypothesis that the Gospel of Mark was the first of the three synoptic gospels to be written, and was used as a source by the other two (Matthew and Luke). It is a central element in discussion of the synoptic problem; the question of the documentary relationship among these three gospels. Most scholars since the late 19th century have accepted the concept of Marcan priority, although a number of scholars support different forms of Marcan priority or reject it altogether. It forms the foundation for the widely accepted two-source theory. History The tradition handed down by the Church Fathers regarded Matthew as the first Gospel written in Hebrew, which was later used as a source by Mark and Luke. It is seen as early as in Irenaeus's book '' Against Heresies''. Irenaeus, Against Heresies, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synoptic Theory Marcan Priority En
Synoptic may refer to: *Synoptic scale meteorology, a meteorological analysis over an area about 1000 kilometres or more wide *Synoptic Gospels, in the New Testament of the Bible, the gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke *Synoptic philosophy, wisdom emerging from a coherent understanding of everything together *Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, a wide-field reflecting telescope, currently under construction, that will photograph the entire available sky every few nights *SynOptics, an early computer-network equipment vendor that operated from 1985 until 1994, based in Santa Clara, California *Surface synoptic observations or SYNOP, a numerical code used for reporting weather observations *Synopticon, "surveillance of the few by the many", a reverse of Bentham's Panopticism See also * Synopsis (other) {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gottlob Christian Storr
Gottlob Christian Storr (10 September 1746 – 17 January 1805) was a German Protestant theologian, born in Stuttgart. He was the son of theologian Johann Christian Storr (1712–1773) and the older brother of naturalist Gottlieb Conrad Christian Storr (1749–1821). Biography Storr studied philosophy and theology at the University of Tübingen, where his instructors were Jeremias Friedrich Reuß (1700–1777) and Johann Friedrich Cotta (1701–1779). Following completion of his theological examination in 1768, he undertook an educational journey with his brother through Germany, Holland, England and France. In 1775 he became a vicar in Stuttgart, and two years later returned to Tübingen as an associate professor of philosophy and theology. In 1786 he attained a full professorship at Tübingen, and in 1797 returned to Stuttgart as an ''Oberhofprediger''. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcan Posteriority
The two-gospel hypothesis or Griesbach hypothesis is that the Gospel of Matthew was written before the Gospel of Luke, and that both were written earlier than the Gospel of Mark. It is a proposed solution to the synoptic problem, which concerns the pattern of similarities and differences between the three Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke. The hypothesis is generally first credited to Johann Jakob Griesbach writing in the 1780s; it was introduced in its current form by William R. Farmer in 1964 and given its current designation of two-gospel hypothesis in 1979. The two-gospel hypothesis contrasts with the two-source hypothesis, the most popular and accepted scholarly hypothesis. Supporters say that it does not require lost sources like the Q source and was supported by the early Church. Proponents of the two-gospel hypothesis generally also support the traditional claims of authorship as accurate to disciples and their direct associates, which implies the gospels were written com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synoptic Theory Mt-Lk En
Synoptic may refer to: *Synoptic scale meteorology, a meteorological analysis over an area about 1000 kilometres or more wide *Synoptic Gospels, in the New Testament of the Bible, the gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke *Synoptic philosophy, wisdom emerging from a coherent understanding of everything together *Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, a wide-field reflecting telescope, currently under construction, that will photograph the entire available sky every few nights *SynOptics, an early computer-network equipment vendor that operated from 1985 until 1994, based in Santa Clara, California *Surface synoptic observations or SYNOP, a numerical code used for reporting weather observations *Synopticon, "surveillance of the few by the many", a reverse of Bentham's Panopticism See also * Synopsis (other) A synopsis is a brief summary of the major points of a subject or written work or story, either as prose or as a table; an abridgment or condensation of a work. Synopsis or syn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matthean Posteriority Hypothesis
The Matthean Posteriority hypothesis, also known as the Wilke hypothesis after Christian Gottlob Wilke, is a proposed solution to the synoptic problem, holding that the Gospel of Mark was used as a source by the Gospel of Luke, then both of these were used as sources by the Gospel of Matthew. Thus, it posits Marcan priority and Matthaean posteriority. History Gottlob Christian Storr, in his groundbreaking 1786 argument for Marcan priority, asked, if Mark was a source for Matthew and Luke, how the latter two were then related. Storr proposed, among other possibilities, that canonical Greek Matthew was adapted from an earlier Aramaic Matthew (the ''logia'' spoken of by Papias) by following Mark primarily but also drawing from Luke, although he later went on to oppose this. These ideas were little noticed until 1838, when Christian Gottlob Wilke revived the hypothesis of Marcan priority and extensively developed the argument for Matthaean posteriority. Wilke's contemporary Christ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Three-source Hypothesis
The three-source hypothesis is a candidate solution to the synoptic problem. It combines aspects of the two-source hypothesis and the Farrer hypothesis. It states that the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Luke used the Gospel of Mark and a sayings collection as primary sources, but that the Gospel of Luke also used the Gospel of Matthew as a subsidiary source. The hypothesis is named after the three documents it posits as sources, namely the sayings collection, the Gospel of Mark, and the Gospel of Matthew. The sayings collection may be identified with Q, or with a subset of Q if some (typically narrative-related) material normally assigned to Q is instead attributed to Matthew's creativity in conjunction with Luke's use of Matthew. This theory has been advocated by Heinrich Julius Holtzmann, Eduard Simons, Hans Hinrich Wendt, Edward Y. Hincks, Robert Morgenthaler and Robert H. Gundry. Alternatively, M.A.T. Linssen proposes it as a variant by equating the sayings collection t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Farrer Hypothesis
The Farrer hypothesis (also called the L/M hypothesis, the Farrer–Goulder hypothesis and the Farrer–Goulder–Goodacre hypothesis) is a possible solution to the synoptic problem. The theory is that the Gospel of Mark was written first, followed by the Gospel of Matthew and then by the Gospel of Luke. It has mainly been advocated by English biblical scholars. It is named for Austin Farrer, who wrote ''On Dispensing With Q'' in 1955, but it has been picked up by other scholars including Michael Goulder and Mark Goodacre. Overview The Farrer theory has the advantage of simplicity, as there is no need for hypothetical sources to be created by academics. Instead, advocates of the Farrer theory argue, the Gospel of Mark was used as source material by the author of Matthew. Lastly, Luke used both of the previous gospels as sources for his Gospel. Farrer set out his argument in an essay "On dispensing with Q". He says that the two-source hypothesis, as set out by B. H. Stree ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Q Source
The Q source (also called Q document(s), Q Gospel, or Q; from german: Quelle, meaning "source") is a hypothetical written collection of primarily Jesus' sayings (λόγια : ). Q is part of the common material found in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke but not in the Gospel of Mark. According to this hypothesis, this material was drawn from the early Church's oral gospel traditions. Along with Marcan priority, Q was hypothesized by 1900, and is one of the foundations of most modern gospel scholarship. Funk, Robert W., Roy W. Hoover, and the Jesus Seminar. ''The Five Gospels.'' HarperSanFrancisco. 1993. "Introduction," pp. 1–30. B. H. Streeter formulated a widely accepted view of Q: that it was written in Koine Greek; that most of its contents appear in Matthew, in Luke, or in both; and that Luke more often preserves the text's original order than Matthew. In the two-source hypothesis, the three-source hypothesis and the Q+/Papias hypothesis, Matthew and Luke both used Mark an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Two-source Hypothesis
The two-source hypothesis (or 2SH) is an explanation for the synoptic problem, the pattern of similarities and differences between the three Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke. It posits that the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Luke were based on the Gospel of Mark and a hypothetical sayings collection from the Christian oral tradition called Q. The two-source hypothesis emerged in the 19th century. B. H. Streeter definitively stated the case in 1924, adding that two other sources, referred to as M and L, lie behind the material in Matthew and Luke respectively. The strengths of the hypothesis are its explanatory power regarding the shared and non-shared material in the three gospels; its weaknesses lie in the exceptions to those patterns, and in the hypothetical nature of its proposed collection of Jesus-sayings. Later scholars have advanced numerous elaborations and variations on the basic hypothesis, and even completely alternative hypotheses. Nevertheless, "the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synoptic Theory Mk-Q En
Synoptic may refer to: *Synoptic scale meteorology, a meteorological analysis over an area about 1000 kilometres or more wide *Synoptic Gospels, in the New Testament of the Bible, the gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke *Synoptic philosophy, wisdom emerging from a coherent understanding of everything together *Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, a wide-field reflecting telescope, currently under construction, that will photograph the entire available sky every few nights *SynOptics, an early computer-network equipment vendor that operated from 1985 until 1994, based in Santa Clara, California *Surface synoptic observations or SYNOP, a numerical code used for reporting weather observations *Synopticon, "surveillance of the few by the many", a reverse of Bentham's Panopticism See also * Synopsis (other) A synopsis is a brief summary of the major points of a subject or written work or story, either as prose or as a table; an abridgment or condensation of a work. Synopsis or syn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basil Christopher Butler
Christopher Butler (7 May 1902 – 20 September 1986), born Basil Butler, was a convert from the Church of England to the Roman Catholic Church, a Bishop, a scholar, and a Benedictine Monk. After his Solemn Profession as a Monk and his Ordination as a Roman Catholic priest, he became the 7th Abbot of Downside Abbey, the Abbot President of the English Benedictine Congregation, an auxiliary bishop of Westminster, an internationally respected scripture scholar, a consistent defender of the priority of the Gospel according to Matthew, and the pre-eminent English-speaking Council Father at the Second Vatican Council (1962–65). Religious life In 1928, after an illustrious career as undergraduate at the University of Oxford and a year teaching at Brighton College, Butler, baptized in the Church of England, was received into full communion with the Roman Catholic Church. The next year, he became a monk of the Benedictine community of Downside Abbey – a House of the English B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Lachmann
Karl Konrad Friedrich Wilhelm Lachmann (; 4 March 1793 – 13 March 1851) was a German philologist and critic. He is particularly noted for his foundational contributions to the field of textual criticism. Biography Lachmann was born in Brunswick, in present-day Lower Saxony. He studied at Leipzig and Göttingen, devoting himself mainly to philological studies. In Göttingen, he founded a critical and philological society in 1811, in conjunction with Dissen, Schulze, and Bunsen. In 1815, he joined the Prussian army as a volunteer ''chasseur'' and accompanied his detachment to Paris, but did not see active service. In 1816, he became an assistant master in the Friedrichswerder gymnasium at Berlin, and a ''Privatdozent'' at the university. The same summer he became one of the principal masters in the Friedrichs-Gymnasium of Königsberg, where he assisted his colleague, the Germanist Friedrich Karl Köpke, with his edition of Rudolf von Ems' '' Barlaam und Josaphat'' (1818), a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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