Manuel De Codage
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Manuel De Codage
The Manuel de Codage (), abbreviated MdC, is a standard system for the computer-encoding of transliterations of Egyptian hieroglyphic texts. History In 1984 a committee was charged with the task to develop a uniform system for the encoding of hieroglyphic texts on the computer. The resulting ''Manual for the Encoding of Hieroglyphic Texts for Computer-input'' (Jan Buurman, Nicolas Grimal, Jochen Hallof, Michael Hainsworth and Dirk van der Plas, Informatique et Egyptologie 2, Paris 1988) is generally shortened to ''Manuel de Codage.'' It presents an easy to use way of encoding hieroglyphic writing as well as the abbreviated hieroglyphic transliteration. The encoding system of the ''Manuel de Codage'' has since been adopted by international Egyptology as the official common standard for registering hieroglyphic texts on the computer. Egyptologists have scheduled a revision for 2007 of the ''Manuel de Codage'', in order to ensure broader implementation in current and future software. ...
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Transliteration Of Ancient Egyptian
As used for Egyptology, transliteration of Ancient Egyptian is the process of converting (or mapping) texts written as Egyptian language symbols to alphabetic symbols representing uniliteral Egyptian hieroglyphs, hieroglyphs or their hieratic and Demotic (Egyptian), demotic counterparts. This process facilitates the publication of texts where the inclusion of photographs or drawings of an actual Egyptian document is impractical. Transliteration is not the same as transcription (linguistics), transcription. Transliteration is the representation of written symbols in a consistent way in a different writing system, while transcription indicates the pronunciation of a text. For the case of Ancient Egyptian, precise details of the phonology are not known completely. Transcription systems for Ancient Egyptian do exist, but they rely on linguistic reconstruction (depending on evidence from the Coptic language and other details) and are thus theoretical in nature. Egyptologists rely on tran ...
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F (hieroglyph)
The total number of distinct Egyptian hieroglyphs increased over time from several hundred in the Middle Kingdom to several thousand during the Ptolemaic Kingdom. In 1928/1929 Alan Gardiner published an overview of hieroglyphs, Gardiner's sign list, the basic modern standard. It describes 763 signs in 26 categories (A–Z, roughly). Georg Möller compiled more extensive lists, organized by historical epoch (published posthumously in 1927 and 1936). In Unicode, the block ''Egyptian Hieroglyphs'' (2009) includes 1071 signs, organization based on Gardiner's list. As of 2016, there is a proposal by Michael Everson to extend the Unicode standard to comprise Möller's list. Subsets Notable subsets of hieroglyphs: * Determinatives * Uniliteral signs * Biliteral signs * Triliteral signs * Egyptian numerals Letter classification by Gardiner List of hieroglyphs In Unicode Unicode character names follow Gardiner's sign list (padded with zeroes to three digits, i.e. Gardin ...
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H2 (hieroglyph)
The total number of distinct Egyptian hieroglyphs increased over time from several hundred in the Middle Kingdom to several thousand during the Ptolemaic Kingdom. In 1928/1929 Alan Gardiner published an overview of hieroglyphs, Gardiner's sign list, the basic modern standard. It describes 763 signs in 26 categories (A–Z, roughly). Georg Möller compiled more extensive lists, organized by historical epoch (published posthumously in 1927 and 1936). In Unicode, the block ''Egyptian Hieroglyphs'' (2009) includes 1071 signs, organization based on Gardiner's list. As of 2016, there is a proposal by Michael Everson to extend the Unicode standard to comprise Möller's list. Subsets Notable subsets of hieroglyphs: * Determinatives * Uniliteral signs * Biliteral signs * Triliteral signs * Egyptian numerals Letter classification by Gardiner List of hieroglyphs In Unicode Unicode character names follow Gardiner's sign list (padded with zeroes to three digits, i.e. Gardin ...
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HER HAN
Her is the objective and possessive form of the English-language feminine pronoun she. Her, HER or H.E.R. may also refer to: Arts, entertainment and media Music * H.E.R. (born 1997), American singer ** ''H.E.R.'' (album), 2017 * HIM (Finnish band), once known as HER in the United States Songs * "Her" (Megan Thee Stallion song) * "Her", a song by Stan Getz from the album ''Focus'', 1961 * "Her", a song by Guy from the album '' The Future'', 1990 * "Her", a song by Swans from the album ''Omniscience'', 1992 * "Her", a song by Pigeonhed from the album ''Pigeonhed'', 1993 * "Her", a song by Tindersticks from the album ''Tindersticks'', 1993 * "Her", a song by Aaron Tippin from the album ''What This Country Needs'', 1999 * "Her", a song by Musiq from the album '' Soulstar'', 2003 * "Her", a song by Eels from the album ''B-Sides & Rarities 1996–2003'', 2005 * "Her", a song by Tyler, the Creator from the album ''Goblin'', 2011 * "Her", a song by Poppy from the album ''Flux'', 2021 ...
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H1 (hieroglyph)
The total number of distinct Egyptian hieroglyphs increased over time from several hundred in the Middle Kingdom to several thousand during the Ptolemaic Kingdom. In 1928/1929 Alan Gardiner published an overview of hieroglyphs, Gardiner's sign list, the basic modern standard. It describes 763 signs in 26 categories (A–Z, roughly). Georg Möller compiled more extensive lists, organized by historical epoch (published posthumously in 1927 and 1936). In Unicode, the block ''Egyptian Hieroglyphs'' (2009) includes 1071 signs, organization based on Gardiner's list. As of 2016, there is a proposal by Michael Everson to extend the Unicode standard to comprise Möller's list. Subsets Notable subsets of hieroglyphs: * Determinatives * Uniliteral signs * Biliteral signs * Triliteral signs * Egyptian numerals Letter classification by Gardiner List of hieroglyphs In Unicode Unicode character names follow Gardiner's sign list (padded with zeroes to three digits, i.e. Gardin ...
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HER HAA
Her is the objective and possessive form of the English-language feminine pronoun she. Her, HER or H.E.R. may also refer to: Arts, entertainment and media Music * H.E.R. (born 1997), American singer ** ''H.E.R.'' (album), 2017 * HIM (Finnish band), once known as HER in the United States Songs * "Her" (Megan Thee Stallion song) * "Her", a song by Stan Getz from the album ''Focus'', 1961 * "Her", a song by Guy from the album '' The Future'', 1990 * "Her", a song by Swans from the album ''Omniscience'', 1992 * "Her", a song by Pigeonhed from the album ''Pigeonhed'', 1993 * "Her", a song by Tindersticks from the album ''Tindersticks'', 1993 * "Her", a song by Aaron Tippin from the album ''What This Country Needs'', 1999 * "Her", a song by Musiq from the album '' Soulstar'', 2003 * "Her", a song by Eels from the album ''B-Sides & Rarities 1996–2003'', 2005 * "Her", a song by Tyler, the Creator from the album ''Goblin'', 2011 * "Her", a song by Poppy from the album ''Flux'', 2021 ...
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L (hieroglyph)
The total number of distinct Egyptian hieroglyphs increased over time from several hundred in the Middle Kingdom to several thousand during the Ptolemaic Kingdom. In 1928/1929 Alan Gardiner published an overview of hieroglyphs, Gardiner's sign list, the basic modern standard. It describes 763 signs in 26 categories (A–Z, roughly). Georg Möller compiled more extensive lists, organized by historical epoch (published posthumously in 1927 and 1936). In Unicode, the block ''Egyptian Hieroglyphs'' (2009) includes 1071 signs, organization based on Gardiner's list. As of 2016, there is a proposal by Michael Everson to extend the Unicode standard to comprise Möller's list. Subsets Notable subsets of hieroglyphs: * Determinatives * Uniliteral signs * Biliteral signs * Triliteral signs * Egyptian numerals Letter classification by Gardiner List of hieroglyphs In Unicode Unicode character names follow Gardiner's sign list (padded with zeroes to three digits, i.e. Gardin ...
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R (hieroglyph)
The total number of distinct Egyptian hieroglyphs increased over time from several hundred in the Middle Kingdom to several thousand during the Ptolemaic Kingdom. In 1928/1929 Alan Gardiner published an overview of hieroglyphs, Gardiner's sign list, the basic modern standard. It describes 763 signs in 26 categories (A–Z, roughly). Georg Möller compiled more extensive lists, organized by historical epoch (published posthumously in 1927 and 1936). In Unicode, the block ''Egyptian Hieroglyphs'' (2009) includes 1071 signs, organization based on Gardiner's list. As of 2016, there is a proposal by Michael Everson to extend the Unicode standard to comprise Möller's list. Subsets Notable subsets of hieroglyphs: * Determinatives * Uniliteral signs * Biliteral signs * Triliteral signs * Egyptian numerals Letter classification by Gardiner List of hieroglyphs In Unicode Unicode character names follow Gardiner's sign list (padded with zeroes to three digits, i.e. Gardin ...
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HER RA
Her is the objective and possessive form of the English-language feminine pronoun she. Her, HER or H.E.R. may also refer to: Arts, entertainment and media Music * H.E.R. (born 1997), American singer ** ''H.E.R.'' (album), 2017 * HIM (Finnish band), once known as HER in the United States Songs * "Her" (Megan Thee Stallion song) * "Her", a song by Stan Getz from the album ''Focus'', 1961 * "Her", a song by Guy from the album '' The Future'', 1990 * "Her", a song by Swans from the album ''Omniscience'', 1992 * "Her", a song by Pigeonhed from the album ''Pigeonhed'', 1993 * "Her", a song by Tindersticks from the album ''Tindersticks'', 1993 * "Her", a song by Aaron Tippin from the album ''What This Country Needs'', 1999 * "Her", a song by Musiq from the album '' Soulstar'', 2003 * "Her", a song by Eels from the album ''B-Sides & Rarities 1996–2003'', 2005 * "Her", a song by Tyler, the Creator from the album ''Goblin'', 2011 * "Her", a song by Poppy from the album ''Flux'', 2021 ...
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N-vertical (hieroglyph)
Deshret ( egy, dšrt "Red One") was the formal name for the Red Crown of Lower Egypt and for the desert Red Land on either side of Kemet (Black Land), the fertile Nile river basin. When combined with the Hedjet (White Crown) of Upper Egypt, it forms the Pschent (Double Crown), in ancient Egyptian called the ''sekhemti''. The Red Crown in Egyptian language hieroglyphs eventually was used as the vertical letter "n" . The original "n" hieroglyph from the Predynastic Period and the Old Kingdom was the sign depicting ripples of water. Significance In mythology, the earth deity Geb, original ruler of Egypt, invested Horus with the rule over Lower Egypt. The Egyptian pharaohs, who saw themselves as successors of Horus, wore the ''deshret'' to symbolize their authority over Lower Egypt. Other deities wore the ''deshret'' too, or were identified with it, such as the protective serpent goddess Wadjet and the creator-goddess of Sais, Neith, who often is shown wearing the Red Crown. The Red ...
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HER NUN
Her is the objective and possessive form of the English-language feminine pronoun she. Her, HER or H.E.R. may also refer to: Arts, entertainment and media Music * H.E.R. (born 1997), American singer ** ''H.E.R.'' (album), 2017 * HIM (Finnish band), once known as HER in the United States Songs * "Her" (Megan Thee Stallion song) * "Her", a song by Stan Getz from the album ''Focus'', 1961 * "Her", a song by Guy from the album '' The Future'', 1990 * "Her", a song by Swans from the album ''Omniscience'', 1992 * "Her", a song by Pigeonhed from the album ''Pigeonhed'', 1993 * "Her", a song by Tindersticks from the album ''Tindersticks'', 1993 * "Her", a song by Aaron Tippin from the album ''What This Country Needs'', 1999 * "Her", a song by Musiq from the album '' Soulstar'', 2003 * "Her", a song by Eels from the album ''B-Sides & Rarities 1996–2003'', 2005 * "Her", a song by Tyler, the Creator from the album ''Goblin'', 2011 * "Her", a song by Poppy from the album ''Flux'', 2021 ...
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