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Manawatu (New Zealand Electorate)
Manawatu was a parliamentary electorate in the Manawatū-Whanganui region of New Zealand that existed during three periods between 1871 and 1996. Population centres The 1870 electoral redistribution was undertaken by a parliamentary select committee based on population data from the 1867 New Zealand census. Eight sub-committees were formed, with two members each making decisions for their own province; thus members set their own electorate boundaries. The number of electorates was increased from 61 to 72, and Manawatu was one of the new electorates. History The electorate existed during three periods: from 1871 to 1890, 1896 to 1911, and 1919 to 1996. The first representative was Walter Woods Johnston, who was elected at the 1871 general election. He won the three subsequent general elections, and retired at the end of the parliamentary term in 1884. In the 1876 election, Johnston was challenged by the lawyer, naturalist and ornithologist Walter Buller. The contest was clo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Zealand Electorates
An electorate or electoral district ( mi, rohe pōti) is a geographical constituency used for electing a member () to the New Zealand Parliament. The size of electorates is determined such that all electorates have approximately the same population. Before 1996, all MPs were directly chosen for office by the voters of an electorate. In New Zealand's electoral system, 72 of the usually 120 seats in Parliament are filled by electorate members, with the remainder being filled from party lists in order to achieve proportional representation among parties. The 72 electorates are made up from 65 general and seven Māori electorates. The number of electorates increases periodically in line with national population growth; the number was increased from 71 to 72 starting at the 2020 general election. Terminology The Electoral Act 1993 refers to electorates as "electoral districts". Electorates are informally referred to as "seats", but technically the term '' seat'' refers to an electe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Stevens (New Zealand Politician)
John Stevens (1845 – 31 July 1916) was a Liberal Party Member of Parliament in New Zealand. Biography Early life Stevens was born in Wellington in 1845. Stevens moved north and resided in first the Rangitikei then Manawatu districts from 1854. He made a living in agricultural until 1873, when he was hired by Henry Russell as an assistant and interpreter during a Native Lands Alienation Commission at Napier. He pursued an occupation as a Maori interpreter and land agent, then began an auctioneering and land agency in 1875. Member of Parliament Stevens represented the Rangitikei electorate from 1881 to 1884 when he was defeated, and then from 1893 to 1896. He unsuccessfully contested the electorate in the . Stevens contested the 1892 Rangitikei by-election as an Independent Liberal as the Liberal Party was reluctant to endorse him in light of the recent Bruce by-election in which the candidate the Liberal Party endorsed lost by a large margin. Stevens lost b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lorrie Hunter
Clifford Lorrie Hunter (11 May 1900 – 1 July 1990) was a New Zealand politician of the New Zealand Labour Party, Labour Party. Early life and family Hunter was born at Waimea Plains, Tasman, Waimea West on 11 May 1900, the son of Gordon MacKay Hunter and Edith Constance Hunter (née Andrews). His father was an "active supporter" of Independent MHR for Nelson, Harry Atmore. Hunter married Theresa Anne Gertrude Pye in Wellington on 24 August 1921. After leaving school Hunter became a flax and scrub cutter before moving to Wellington in 1920 to become a tram driver. He joined the trade union movement and became president of the Wellington Tramways' Union and later vice-president of the Tramways Federation of New Zealand. He was also a dominion councillor of the Alliance of Labour and a long time member of the Workers' Educational Association (WEA). Political career Shortly after moving to Wellington in 1920 Hunter joined the New Zealand Labour Party, Labour Party and was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Zealand Labour Party
The New Zealand Labour Party ( mi, Rōpū Reipa o Aotearoa), or simply Labour (), is a centre-left political party in New Zealand. The party's platform programme describes its founding principle as democratic socialism, while observers describe Labour as social-democratic and pragmatic in practice. The party participates in the international Progressive Alliance. It is one of two major political parties in New Zealand, alongside its traditional rival, the National Party. The New Zealand Labour Party formed in 1916 out of various socialist parties and trade unions. It is the country's oldest political party still in existence. Alongside the National Party, Labour has alternated in leading governments of New Zealand since the 1930s. , there have been six periods of Labour government under ten Labour prime ministers. The party has traditionally been supported by working class, urban, Māori, Pasifika, immigrant and trade unionist New Zealanders, and has had strongholds in i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1935 New Zealand General Election
The 1935 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament's 25th term. It resulted in the Labour Party's first electoral victory, with Michael Joseph Savage becoming the first Labour Prime Minister after defeating the governing coalition, consisting of the United Party and the Reform Party, in a landslide. The governing coalition lost 31 seats, which was attributed by many to their handling of the Great Depression: the year after the election, the United and Reform parties merged to form the modern National Party. The election was originally scheduled to be held in 1934, in keeping with the country's three-year election cycle, but the governing coalition postponed the election by one year hoping that the economic conditions would improve by 1935. Background Since 1931, New Zealand had been governed by a coalition of the United Party and the Reform Party, the United–Reform Coalition. United and Reform had tradition ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1922 New Zealand General Election
The 1922 New Zealand general election was held on Monday, 6 December in the Māori electorates, and on Tuesday, 7 December in the general electorates to elect a total of 80 MPs to the 21st session of the New Zealand Parliament. A total number of 700,111 (87.7%) voters turned out to vote. In one seat (Bay of Plenty) there was only one candidate. 1922 was the year residents of the Chatham Islands were enfranchised for the first time (included in Lyttelton and Western Māori electorates). Result William Massey formed a government, but with the loss in support for the Reform Party he had to negotiate for support with Independents, and with two Liberal Party members. Liberal was in decline and disorganised. Just before the 1925 election (held on 4 November), two Liberal MPs from Christchurch who had supported Massey (along with Independents Harry Atmore and Allen Bell) were appointed to the Legislative Council. They were Leonard Isitt and George Witty who were both appointed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Linklater
Joseph Linklater (12 March 1876 – 25 April 1961) was a Reform Party Member of Parliament. Military service Linklater saw active service as a private in the 6th New Zealand Contingent during the Second Boer War. During World War I he was a second lieutenant in the New Zealand Services Motor-Service Corps. Political career He was elected to the Manawatu electorate in the 1922 general election after Edward Newman retired, and held the electorate until he was defeated by Labour's Lorrie Hunter in 1935. In 1935, Linklater was awarded the King George V Silver Jubilee Medal. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire for services in connection with the supervision of disabled servicemen's farms in the 1949 New Year Honours The 1949 New Year Honours were appointments by many of the Commonwealth realms of King George VI to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. They were announced in supple ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1919 New Zealand General Election
The 1919 New Zealand general election was held on Tuesday, 16 December in the Māori electorates and on Wednesday, 17 December in the general electorates to elect a total of 80 MPs to the 20th session of the New Zealand Parliament. A total number of 560,673 (80.5%) voters turned out to vote. In 1919 women won the right to be elected to the House of Representatives. The law was changed late that year, and with only three weeks' notice, three women stood for Parliament. They were Ellen Melville in Grey Lynn, Rosetta Baume in Parnell, and Aileen Cooke in Thames. Ellen Melville stood for the Reform Party and came second. She stood for Parliament several more times and generally polled well but never won a seat. Results Though Labour Party captured only eight seats it received nearly a quarter of the votes – a shock to conservative minds due to Labour being founded only three years earlier in 1916. Party totals Votes summary Electorate results The table below shows ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Two-round System
The two-round system (TRS), also known as runoff voting, second ballot, or ballotage, is a voting method used to elect a single candidate, where voters cast a single vote for their preferred candidate. It generally ensures a majoritarian result, not a simple plurality result as under First past the post. Under the two-round election system, the election process usually proceeds to a second round only if in the first round no candidate received a simple majority (more than 50%) of votes cast, or some other lower prescribed percentage. Under the two-round system, usually only the two candidates who received the most votes in the first round, or only those candidates who received above a prescribed proportion of the votes, are candidates in the second round. Other candidates are excluded from the second round. The two-round system is widely used in the election of legislative bodies and directly elected presidents, as well as in other contexts, such as in the election of politica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward Newman (New Zealand Politician)
Edward Newman (4 July 1858 – 24 April 1946) was a Reform Party Member of Parliament and a member of the New Zealand Legislative Council in the early 20th century. Early life and family Newman was born in the Partick area of Glasgow, Scotland, in 1858. His father, also called Edward Newman, was a surgeon in the Royal Navy and his mother was Annabella Newman (née Smith). He emigrated to New Zealand around 1875, and worked on sheep farms, until he took up his own property in the Turakina Valley in 1882. He returned to Glasgow to marry Catherine Ann Wilson in 1886. The couple had two children, one of whom died in infancy. Political career He represented Manawatu from 1908, then Rangitikei from 1911, then Manawatu again from 1919. He retired in 1922. He was appointed to the New Zealand Legislative Council on 1 June 1923 and served one term until 31 May 1930. In the 1923 New Year Honours, Newman was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George. In 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1908 New Zealand General Election
The 1908 New Zealand general election was held on Tuesday, 17 and 24 November and 1 December in the general electorates, and on Wednesday, 2 December in the Māori electorates to elect a total of 80 MPs to the 17th session of the New Zealand Parliament. A total number of 537,003 (79.8%) voters turned out to vote. Changes to the electoral law The Second Ballot Act 1908 provided for second or runoff ballots between the top two candidates where the top candidate did not get an absolute majority. The second ballot was held 7 days after the first ballot except in 10 large rural seats, where 14 days were allowed. In 1908, 22 second ballots were held on 24 November and 1 (Bay of Plenty) on 1 December. At the 1911 election, all 30 second ballots were held 7 days later. Two 1909 by-elections (in Rangitikei and Thames) also required second ballots. The Second Ballot Act of 1908, which did not apply to the Maori electorates, was repealed in 1913. Summary of results Party totals The follo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1905 New Zealand General Election
The 1905 New Zealand general election was held on Wednesday, 6 December in the general electorates, and on Wednesday, 20 December in the Māori electorates to elect a total of 80 MPs to the 16th session of the New Zealand Parliament. A total number of 412,702 voters turned out, with 396,657 (83.25% of the electoral roll) voting in the European electorates. Changes to the electoral law The 1903 City Single Electorates Act declared that at the dissolution of the 15th Parliament, the four multi-member electorates would be abolished and replaced each with three single-member electorates. It was also the year absentee voting was introduced for all electors unable to be in their own electorate on election day. The first Chief Electoral Officer was appointed. Accordingly, the multi-member urban electorates of , , and were abolished and replaced with the following single-member seats: * * * * * * * * * * * * Nine of these twelve electorates had existed before. Wellington ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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