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Mammarenavirus
''Mammarenavirus'' is a genus of viruses in the family '' Arenaviridae''. The name is a portmanteau of mammal and the former name ''Arenavirus'', and differentiates it from the reptile-associated '' Reptarenavirus''. ''Arenavirus'' comes from the Latin (sand) for the sandy appearance of the virions. Taxonomy The following species are recognized: * '' Allpahuayo mammarenavirus'' * '' Alxa mammarenavirus'' * '' Argentinian mammarenavirus'' * '' Bear Canyon mammarenavirus'' * '' Brazilian mammarenavirus'' * '' Cali mammarenavirus'' * '' Chapare mammarenavirus'' * '' Chevrier mammarenavirus'' * '' Cupixi mammarenavirus'' * '' Flexal mammarenavirus'' * '' Gairo mammarenavirus'' * '' Guanarito mammarenavirus'' * ''Ippy mammarenavirus'' * '' Kitale mammarenavirus'' * '' Lassa mammarenavirus'' * '' Latino mammarenavirus'' * '' Loei River mammarenavirus'' * '' Lujo mammarenavirus'' * '' Luna mammarenavirus'' * '' Lunk mammarenavirus'' * ''Lymphocytic choriomeningitis mammarenavirus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Argentinian Mammarenavirus
''Argentinian mammarenavirus'', better known as the ''Junin virus'' or ''Junín virus'' (JUNV), is an arenavirus in the ''Mammarenavirus'' genus that causes Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF). The virus took its original name from the city of Junín, around which the first cases of infection were reported, in 1958. Virology Structure ''Argentinian mammarenavirus'' is a negative sense ssRNA enveloped virion with a variable diameter between 50 and 300 nm. The surface of the particle encompasses a layer of T-shaped glycoproteins, each extending up to 10 nm outwards from the envelope, which are important in mediating attachment and entry into host cells. Genome The ''Argentinian mammarenavirus'' genome is composed of two single-stranded RNA molecules, each encoding two different genes in an ambisense orientation. The two segments are termed 'short (S)' and 'long (L)' owing to their respective lengths. The short segment (around 3400 nucleotides in length) encodes the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chapare Mammarenavirus
''Chapare mammarenavirus'' or Chapare virus is a virus from the family '' Arenaviridae'' which causes a hemorrhagic fever in humans known as Chapare hemorrhagic fever. It was first described after an outbreak of a novel zoonotic mammarenavirus infection occurred in the village of Samuzabeti, Chapare Province, Bolivia, in January 2003. A small number of people were infected and one person died. In 2019, nine people became infected with the virus in the La Paz regional area, four of whom died. Nosocomial and human-to-human transmission of the virus occurred in at least three of the cases which resulted in the death of a medical intern and a gastroenterologist. Like other members of the Arenavirus family, the specific zoonotic reservoir and primary transmission vector is suspected to be a rodent, probably the small-eared pygmy rice rat. Virology The Chapare virus is an enveloped virus with a bi-segmented single-stranded ambisense RNA genome. The two RNA segments are denoted Small ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latino Mammarenavirus
''Latino mammarenavirus'' is a species of virus in the family '' Arenaviridae''. Its host is ''Calomys callosus'', and it was isolated in Bolivia , image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg , flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (red, yellow, and green from top to bottom) with the coat of arms of Bolivia in the center , flag_alt2 = 7 × 7 square p .... References Arenaviridae {{virus-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cali Mammarenavirus
''Cali mammarenavirus'' is a species of virus A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1 ... in the family '' Arenaviridae''. References Arenaviridae {{virus-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bear Canyon Mammarenavirus
''Bear Canyon mammarenavirus'' (BCNV), is a ''Mammarenavirus'' similar to Whitewater Arroyo virus (WWAV) and Tamiami mammarenavirus (TAMV); all three being New World arenaviruses. The virus is named after Bear Canyon Bear Canyon, located in the Sabino Canyon recreation area of the Coronado National Forest near Tucson, Arizona, offers views of the Santa Catalina Mountains to the north. Accessible by tram or foot from the Sabino Canyon visitors' center, Bear Ca ..., the area it was originally discovered in. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q22102457 Arenaviridae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flexal Mammarenavirus
''Flexal mammarenavirus'' (also known as the Flexal virus or FLEV, and previously known by the laboratory code BeAn 293022) is a mammarenavirus: an arenavirus with a mammalian host. It was first found in semiaquatic rodents of the genus Oryzomys in tropical forest in the Pará area of Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area .... It is a member of Clade A of the Tacaribe (or "New World") serocomplex of the family ''Arenaviridae''. Laboratory workers infected by Flexal virus have exhibited febrile illness.Flexal virus is listed as a UN 2814 Category A infectious substance. References External links * https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AF512831 * https://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/VirusDetails.aspx?ID=148&SID=7 Arenaviridae Viral diseases {{infectious-dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Machupo Mammarenavirus
Bolivian hemorrhagic fever (BHF), also known as black typhus or Ordog Fever, is a hemorrhagic fever and zoonotic infectious disease originating in Bolivia after infection by ''Machupo mammarenavirus''.Public Health Agency of Canada: ''Machupo Virus Pathogen Safety Data Sheet'', http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/machupo-eng.php, Date Modified: 2011-02-18. BHF was first identified in 1963 as an ambisense RNA virus of the '' Arenaviridae'' family, by a research group led by Karl Johnson. The mortality rate is estimated at 5 to 30 percent. Due to its pathogenicity, Machupo virus requires Biosafety Level Four conditions, the highest level.Center for Food Security & Public Health and Institute for International Cooperation in Animal Biologics, Iowa State University: ''Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Caused by Arenaviruses'', http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/viral_hemorrhagic_fever_arenavirus.pdf, last updated: February 23, 2010. During the period between February ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Mammarenavirus
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) is a rodent-borne viral infectious disease that presents as aseptic meningitis, encephalitis or meningoencephalitis. Its causative agent is ''lymphocytic choriomeningitis mammarenavirus'' (LCMV), a member of the family '' Arenaviridae''. The name was coined by Charles Armstrong in 1934. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) is "a viral infection of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord and of the cerebrospinal fluid". Lasker, Jill S. "Lymphocytic choriomeningitis". The name is based on the tendency of an individual to have abnormally high levels of lymphocytes during infection. Choriomeningitis is "cerebral meningitis in which there is marked cellular infiltration of the meninges, often with a lymphocytic infiltration of the choroid plexuses". Signs and symptoms LCMV infection manifests itself in a wide range of clinical symptoms, and may even be asymptomatic for immunocompetent individuals. CDC. "Information for Pet Owners: Red ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lassa Mammarenavirus
''Lassa mammarenavirus'' (LASV) is an arenavirus that causes Lassa hemorrhagic fever, a type of viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF), in humans and other primates. ''Lassa mammarenavirus'' is an emerging virus and a select agent, requiring Biosafety Level 4-equivalent containment. It is endemic in West African countries, especially Sierra Leone, the Republic of Guinea, Nigeria, and Liberia, where the annual incidence of infection is between 300,000 and 500,000 cases, resulting in 5,000 deaths per year. As of 2012 discoveries within the Mano River region of west Africa have expanded the endemic zone between the two known Lassa endemic regions, indicating that LASV is more widely distributed throughout the tropical wooded savannah ecozone in west Africa. There are no approved vaccines against Lassa fever for use in humans. Discovery In 1969, missionary nurse Laura Wine fell ill with a mysterious disease she contracted from an obstetrical patient in Lassa, a village in Borno State, Ni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lujo Mammarenavirus
Lujo is a bisegmented RNA virus—a member of the family '' Arenaviridae''—and a known cause of viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) in humans. Its name was suggested by the Special Pathogens Unit of the National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service (NICD-NHLS) by using the first two letters of the names of the cities involved in the 2008 outbreak of the disease, Lusaka (Zambia) and Johannesburg (Republic of South Africa). It is the second pathogenic ''Arenavirus'' to be described from the African continent—the first being Lassa virus—and since 2012 has been classed as a "Select Agent" under U.S. law. History Only 5 cases of this virus have ever been reported; all 5 were identified in September and October 2008, and 4 were fatal. Those infections that proved fatal caused death within 10–13 days of showing symptoms. All four patients in which infection proved fatal first showed signs of improvement and then went into respiratory distress, d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guanarito Mammarenavirus
Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever (VHF) is a zoonotic human illness first identified in 1989. The disease is most prevalent in several rural areas of central Venezuela and is caused by ''Guanarito mammarenavirus'' (GTOV) which belongs to the Arenaviridae family. The short-tailed cane mouse (''Zygodontomys brevicauda'') is the main host for GTOV which is spread mostly by inhalation of aerosolized droplets of saliva, respiratory secretions, urine, or blood from infected rodents. Person-to-person spread is possible, but uncommon. Presentation VHF has many similarities to Lassa fever and to the arenavirus hemorrhagic fevers that occur in Argentina and Bolivia. It causes fever and malaise followed by hemorrhagic manifestations and convulsions. Some presentations of the virus are also characterized by vascular damage, bleeding diathesis, fever, and multiple organ involvement. Clinical diagnosis of VHF has proven to be difficult based on the nonspecific symptoms. The disease is fatal in 30 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Mammarenavirus
Brazilian hemorrhagic fever (BzHF) is an infectious disease caused by ''Brazilian mammarenavirus'', an arenavirus. ''Brazilian mammarenavirus'' is one of the arenaviruses from South America to cause hemorrhagic fever. It shares a common progenitor with ''Argentinian mammarenavirus'', ''Machupo mammarenavirus'', '' Tacaribe mammarenavirus'', and ''Guanarito mammarenavirus''. It is an enveloped RNA virus and is highly infectious and lethal. Very little is known about this disease, but it is thought to be transmitted by the excreta of rodents. This virus has also been implicated as a means for bioterrorism, as it can be spread through aerosols. As of 2019, there had only been four documented infections of ''Brazilian mammarenavirus'': two occurred naturally, and the other two cases occurred in the clinical setting. The first naturally occurring case was in 1990, when a female agricultural engineer who was staying in the neighborhood of Jardim Sabiá in the municipality of Cotia, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
