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M. C. Mehta V. Kamal Nath
''M. C. Mehta v. Kamal Nath'' was a landmark case in Indian environmental law. In the case, the Supreme Court of India held that the public trust doctrine applied in India. Facts of the case The ''Indian Express'' published an article reporting that Span Motels Private Limited, which owns Span Resorts, had floated another ambitious venture, Span Club. The family of Indian politician Kamal Nath has direct links with this company. The club was built after encroaching upon 27.12 bighas of land, including substantial forestland, in 1990. The land was later regularised and leased out to the company on 11 April 1994. The regularisation was done when Nath was Minister of Environment and Forests. This encroachment led to the swelling of the Beas River The Beas River (Sanskrit: ; Hyphasis in Ancient Greek) is a river in north India. The river rises in the Himalayas in central Himachal Pradesh, India, and flows for some to the Sutlej River in the Indian state of Punjab. Its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Court Of India
The Supreme Court of India ( IAST: ) is the supreme judicial authority of India and is the highest court of the Republic of India under the constitution. It is the most senior constitutional court, has the final decision in all legal matters except for personal laws and interstate river disputes, and also has the power of judicial review. The Chief Justice of India is the Head and Chief Judge of the Supreme Court, which consists of a maximum of 34 judges, and has extensive powers in the form of original, appellate and advisory jurisdictions. New judges here are uniquely nominated by existing judges and other branches of government have neglible say as the court follows collegium system for appointments. As the apex and most powerful constitutional court in India, it takes up appeals primarily against verdicts of the High Courts of various states of the Union and other courts and tribunals. It is required to safeguard the fundamental rights of citizens and settles dispute ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forest
A forest is an area of land dominated by trees. Hundreds of definitions of forest are used throughout the world, incorporating factors such as tree density, tree height, land use, legal standing, and ecological function. The United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) defines a forest as, "Land spanning more than 0.5 hectares with trees higher than 5 meters and a canopy cover of more than 10 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds ''in situ''. It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban use." Using this definition, '' Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020'' (FRA 2020) found that forests covered , or approximately 31 percent of the world's land area in 2020. Forests are the predominant terrestrial ecosystem of Earth, and are found around the globe. More than half of the world's forests are found in only five countries (Brazil, Canada, China, Russia, and the United States). The largest share of forests (45 percent) are in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1997 In The Environment
This is a list of notable events relating to the environment in 1997. They relate to environmental law, conservation, environmentalism and environmental issues. Events * 1997 Indonesian forest fires, caused mainly by slash-and-burn techniques adopted by farmers in Indonesia, burned for much of the year. * 1997 Southeast Asian haze was a large-scale air quality disaster which occurred during the second half of 1997. *The Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context, a United Nations Economic Commission for Europe convention signed in Espoo, Finland, in 1991, entered into force. *The Great Pacific Garbage Patch, a gyre of marine litter in the central North Pacific Ocean, is discovered. *The 1997 Guanabara Bay oil spill occurred in Brazil, one of three major oil spills in the bay. *The Kyoto Protocol, an international treaty which extended the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, was signed December 11, 1997. January * The Intern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1997 In Case Law
File:1997 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The movie set of ''Titanic (1997 film), Titanic'', the List of highest-grossing films, highest-grossing movie in history at the time; ''Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone'', is published; Comet Hale-Bopp passes by Earth and becomes one of the most observed comet, comets of the 20th century; Golden Bauhinia Square, where sovereignty of Hong Kong is Handover of Hong Kong, handed over from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China; the 1997 Central European flood kills 114 people in the Czech Republic, Poland, and Germany; Korean Air Flight 801 crashes during heavy rain on Guam, killing 229; Mars Pathfinder and Sojourner (rover), Sojourner land on Mars; flowers left outside Kensington Palace following the death of Diana, Princess of Wales, in a car crash in Paris., 300x300px, thumb rect 0 0 200 200 Titanic (1997 film) rect 200 0 400 200 Harry Potter rect 400 0 600 200 Comet Hale-Bopp rect 0 200 300 400 Death of Diana ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Environmental Case Law
A biophysical environment is a biotic and abiotic surrounding of an organism or population, and consequently includes the factors that have an influence in their survival, development, and evolution. A biophysical environment can vary in scale from microscopic to global in extent. It can also be subdivided according to its attributes. Examples include the marine environment, the atmospheric environment and the terrestrial environment. The number of biophysical environments is countless, given that each living organism has its own environment. The term ''environment'' can refer to a singular global environment in relation to humanity, or a local biophysical environment, e.g. the UK's Environment Agency. Life-environment interaction All life that has survived must have adapted to the conditions of its environment. Temperature, light, humidity, soil nutrients, etc., all influence the species within an environment. However, life in turn modifies, in various forms, its conditions. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1997 In India
Events in the year 1997 in the Republic of India. Incumbents * President of India – Shankar Dayal Sharma until 25 July, K. R. Narayanan * Prime minister of India – H. D. Deve Gowda until 21 April, Inder Kumar Gujral * Chief Justice of India – Aziz Mushabber Ahmadi until 24 March, Jagdish Sharan Verma Governors * Andhra Pradesh – ** until 22 August: Krishan Kant ** 22 August-24 November: Gopala Ramanujam ** starting 24 November: C. Rangarajan * Arunachal Pradesh – Mata Prasad * Assam – Loknath Mishra (until 1 September), Srinivas Kumar Sinha (starting 1 September) * Bihar – Mohammad Shafi Qureshi * Goa – P.C. Alexander * Gujarat – Krishna Pal Singh * Haryana – Mahabir Prasad * Himachal Pradesh – Mahabir Prasad (until 25 July), V. S. Ramadevi (starting 25 July) * Jammu and Kashmir – K. V. Krishna Rao * Karnataka – Khurshed Alam Khan * Kerala – Khurshid Alam Khan (until 25 January), Sukhdev Singh Kang (starting 25 January) * Madhya P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Court Of California
The Supreme Court of California is the highest and final court of appeals in the courts of the U.S. state of California. It is headquartered in San Francisco at the Earl Warren Building, but it regularly holds sessions in Los Angeles and Sacramento. Its decisions are binding on all other California state courts. Since 1850, the court has issued many influential decisions in a variety of areas including torts, property, civil and constitutional rights, and criminal law. Composition Under the original 1849 California Constitution, the Court started with a chief justice and two associate justices. The Court was expanded to five justices in 1862. Under the current 1879 constitution, the Court expanded to six associate justices and one chief justice, for the current total of seven. The justices are appointed by the Governor of California and are subject to retention elections. According to the California Constitution, to be considered for appointment, as with any California ju ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beas River
The Beas River (Sanskrit: ; Hyphasis in Ancient Greek) is a river in north India. The river rises in the Himalayas in central Himachal Pradesh, India, and flows for some to the Sutlej River in the Indian state of Punjab. Its total length is and its drainage basin is large. As of 2017, the river is home to a tiny isolated population of the Indus dolphin. Etymology Veda Vyasa, the author of Indian epic Mahabharata, is the eponym of the river Beas; he is said to have created it from its source lake, the Beas Kund. Before Veda Vyasa, the Vipasa river was known as Saraswati. Rishi Vashishta, the great grandfather of Vyasa tried to jump into this river from an overlooking hillock, to sacrifice his soul. He tied himself with several cords to drown himself. However, the river altered form to become a sandbed, saving him. And in this course, the cords got broken, so Vashishta named the river Vipasa, which means cord-breaker. On account of this incident, the great Rishi opted to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Environment And Forests (India)
The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) is an Indian government ministry. This ministry is headed by Secretary Rank senior most IAS officer. The ministry portfolio is currently held by Bhupender Yadav, Union Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. The ministry is responsible for planning, promoting, coordinating, and overseeing the implementation of environmental and forestry programmes in the country. The main activities undertaken by the ministry include conservation and survey of the flora of India and fauna of India, forests and other wilderness areas; prevention and control of pollution; Indian Himalayan Environment and its sustainable development; afforestation, and land degradation mitigation. It is responsible for the administration of the 1947 national parks of India. The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change is the cadre controlling authority of the Indian Forest Service (IFS), one of the three All India Services. His ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lease
A lease is a contractual arrangement calling for the user (referred to as the ''lessee'') to pay the owner (referred to as the ''lessor'') for the use of an asset. Property, buildings and vehicles are common assets that are leased. Industrial or business equipment are also leased. Basically a lease agreement is a contract between two parties: the lessor and the lessee. The lessor is the legal owner of the asset, while the lessee obtains the right to use the asset in return for regular rental payments. The lessee also agrees to abide by various conditions regarding their use of the property or equipment. For example, a person leasing a car may agree to the condition that the car will only be used for personal use. The term rental agreement can refer to two kinds of leases: * A lease in which the asset is tangible property. Here, the user '' rents'' the asset (e.g. land or goods) ''let out'' or ''rented out'' by the owner (the verb ''to lease'' is less precise because it can r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bigha
The bigha (also formerly beegah) is a traditional unit of measurement of area of a land, commonly used in India (including Uttarakhand, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Assam, Gujarat and Rajasthan but not in southern states of India), Bangladesh and Nepal. There is no "standard" size of bigha. The size of a ''bigha'' varies considerably from place to place. The size of Bigha is different in different areas.Haryana jamabandi Units of measurements , . Sources have given measurements ranging from , but in several smaller pockets, it can be as high as . Its sub-unit is Biswa (or Bisa) or Katha (or Katta) in many regions. Again there i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kuldip Singh (judge)
Kuldip Singh (born 1 January 1932) is an Indian attorney and a former judge of the Supreme Court of India. Following his retirement from the Supreme Court, he headed the Delimitation Commission of 2002 that was tasked with redrawing the boundaries of the various assembly and Lok Sabha constituencies based on the 2001 census. Singh received his education from Col. Brown Cambridge School, followed by his first law degree from Punjab University in 1955 and a second one from the University of London The University of London (UoL; abbreviated as Lond or more rarely Londin in post-nominals) is a federal public research university located in London, England, United Kingdom. The university was established by royal charter in 1836 as a degree ... in 1958. He served as a barrister-at-law at Lincoln's Inn in London before returning to India in 1959. Singh was appointed to the Supreme Court on 14 December 1988 and retired on 21 December 1996. Notes Further reading * * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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