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Léon Goldberg
__NOTOC__ Léon (Lejb) Goldberg, called "Julien" (14 February 1924 in Łódź – 21 February 1944), was a Polish Jew and volunteer fighter in the French Liberation army FTP-MOI in the Manouchian Group. Biography Youth Goldberg was born in Łódź, Poland. In 1928, his father Samuel Goldberg (b. 1901), immigrated to France with his wife Riwka Gelemer and his son. They stayed in Paris where two other children were born, Henry in 1931 and Max in 1934. World War II When the mass arrest of more than 13,000 Jews, the Vel' d'Hiv Roundup, was carried out in Paris on 16 July 1942, Léon's parents sent him and his two brothers into hiding with a neighbour. His parents were arrested; his father was held at Beaune-la-Rolande and Camp of Royallieu Concentration camp, transit camps before being deported to Auschwitz concentration camp on 31 July 1942. His mother and two brothers were held at the Pithiviers and Drancy internment camp, Drancy transit camps, and deported to Auschwitz on 19 Au ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Jew
The history of the Jews in Poland dates back at least 1,000 years. For centuries, Poland was home to the largest and most significant Ashkenazi Jewish community in the world. Poland was a principal center of Jewish culture, because of the long period of statutory religious tolerance and social autonomy which ended after the Partitions of Poland in the 18th century. During World War II there was a nearly complete genocidal destruction of the Polish Jewish community by Nazi Germany and its collaborators of various nationalities, during the German occupation of Poland between 1939 and 1945, called the Holocaust. Since the fall of communism in Poland, there has been a renewed interest in Jewish culture, featuring an annual Jewish Culture Festival, new study programs at Polish secondary schools and universities, and the opening of Warsaw's Museum of the History of Polish Jews. From the founding of the Kingdom of Poland in 1025 until the early years of the Polish–Lithuanian Com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coubert
Coubert () is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. Demographics The inhabitants are called ''Curtibéhardiens''. See also * Communes of the Seine-et-Marne department The following is a list of the 507 communes of the Seine-et-Marne department of France. The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2020):1999 Land Use, from IAURIF (Institute for Urban Planning and Development of the Paris-Île-de-France région) * [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francs-tireurs Et Partisans - Main-d'œuvre Immigrée
The Francs-tireurs et partisans – main-d'œuvre immigrée (FTP-MOI) were a sub-group of the ''Francs-tireurs et partisans'' (FTP) organization, a component of the French Resistance. A wing composed mostly of foreigners, the MOI maintained an armed force to oppose the German occupation of France during World War II. The Main-d'œuvre immigrée was the "Immigrant Movement" of the FTP. The last surviving member of the FTP-MOI's Manouchian Group, resistance fighter Arsène Tchakarian, died in August 2018. History The FTP-MOI groups were organized in the Paris region in 1941, at the same time as the ''Francs-tireurs et partisans''. Their ranks were filled with foreign communists living in France who were not part of the French Communist Party. Although integrated with the ''FTP'', these groups depended directly on Jacques Duclos, who passed on orders from the Communist International (Comintern). The national manager of the MOI was Adam Rayski, who recommended members for the FTP-MOI. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Affiche Rouge
The ''Affiche Rouge'' (Red Poster) is a notorious propaganda poster, distributed by Vichy France and German authorities in the spring of 1944 in occupied Paris, to discredit 23 immigrant French Resistance fighters, members of the Manouchian Group. The term Affiche Rouge also refers more broadly to the circumstances surrounding the poster's creation and distribution, the capture, trial and execution of these members of the Manouchian Group. Background In mid-November 1943, the French police arrested 23 members of the Communist Francs-Tireurs et Partisans de la Main d'Oeuvre Immigrée (FTP-MOI), who were part of the French Resistance. They were called the "Manouchian Group" after the commander, Missak Manouchian. The group was part of a network of about 100 fighters, who committed nearly all acts of armed resistance in the Paris metropolitan region between March and November 1943. Its membership included men of different backgrounds. 22 of them were Poles, five Italians, thr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mont Valérien
Mont may refer to: Places * Mont., an abbreviation for Montana, a U.S. state * Mont, Belgium (other), several places in Belgium * Mont, Hautes-Pyrénées, a commune in France * Mont, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, a commune in France * Mont, Saône-et-Loire, a commune in France Other uses * Mont (food), a category of Burmese snacks and desserts * Mont (surname) * Mont., botanical author abbreviation of Camille Montagne (1784-1866), French military physician and botanist * '' Seawise Giant'', the largest ship in the world, later renamed MV ''Mont'' for her final journey * Menthu or Mont, a deity in Egyptian mythology * M.O.N.T, South Korean boy group See also * Le Mont (other) * Monts (other) * Monte (other) Monte may refer to: Places Argentina * Argentine Monte, an ecoregion * Monte Desert * Monte Partido, a ''partido'' in Buenos Aires Province Italy * Monte Bregagno * Monte Cassino * Montecorvino (other) * Montefalcione Po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brigades Spéciales
During the Second World War, the Special Brigades (french: Brigades spéciales, or BS) were a French police force in Vichy France specializing in tracking down "internal enemies" (i.e. French Resistance workers), dissidents, escaped prisoners, Jews and those evading the obligatory labour service. It was dependent on the Direction centrale des Renseignements généraux (RG) and worked in direct collaboration with the German civil, secret and military police, the ''Geheime Feldpolizei''. It was based in room 35 on the first floor of the Paris Prefecture of Police. The Special Brigades was known to commit torture. The Special Brigades was organized by the Director of General Information at the Prefecture of Police Lucien Rottée, who appointed Commissioner Fernand David as Head of the Special Brigades. After the Liberation of France, 150 police officers from the Special Brigades were prosecuted. Sixty-four inspectors were sentenced, including twenty-two to the death penalty: ten w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aircraft Engine
An aircraft engine, often referred to as an aero engine, is the power component of an aircraft propulsion system. Most aircraft engines are either piston engines or gas turbines, although a few have been rocket powered and in recent years many small UAVs have used electric motors. Manufacturing industry In commercial aviation the major Western manufacturers of turbofan engines are Pratt & Whitney (a subsidiary of Raytheon Technologies), General Electric, Rolls-Royce, and CFM International (a joint venture of Safran Aircraft Engines and General Electric). Russian manufacturers include the United Engine Corporation, Aviadvigatel and Klimov. Aeroengine Corporation of China was formed in 2016 with the merger of several smaller companies. The largest manufacturer of turboprop engines for general aviation is Pratt & Whitney. General Electric announced in 2015 entrance into the market. Development history * 1848: John Stringfellow made a steam engine for a 10-foot wingspan mod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wood
Wood is a porous and fibrous structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants. It is an organic materiala natural composite of cellulose fibers that are strong in tension and embedded in a matrix of lignin that resists compression. Wood is sometimes defined as only the secondary xylem in the stems of trees, or it is defined more broadly to include the same type of tissue elsewhere such as in the roots of trees or shrubs. In a living tree it performs a support function, enabling woody plants to grow large or to stand up by themselves. It also conveys water and nutrients between the leaves, other growing tissues, and the roots. Wood may also refer to other plant materials with comparable properties, and to material engineered from wood, or woodchips or fiber. Wood has been used for thousands of years for fuel, as a construction material, for making tools and weapons, furniture and paper. More recently it emerged as a feedstock for the productio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wheat
Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain that is a worldwide staple food. The many species of wheat together make up the genus ''Triticum'' ; the most widely grown is common wheat (''T. aestivum''). The archaeological record suggests that wheat was first cultivated in the regions of the Fertile Crescent around 9600 BCE. Botanically, the wheat kernel is a type of fruit called a caryopsis. Wheat is grown on more land area than any other food crop (, 2014). World trade in wheat is greater than for all other crops combined. In 2020, world production of wheat was , making it the second most-produced cereal after maize. Since 1960, world production of wheat and other grain crops has tripled and is expected to grow further through the middle of the 21st century. Global demand for wheat is increasing due to the unique viscoelastic and adhesive properties of gluten proteins, which facilitate the production of processed foods, whose consumption is inc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mormant
Mormant () is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne departement in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. Mormant station has rail connections to Provins, Longueville and Paris. Demographics The inhabitants are called ''Mormantais'' in French. See also *Communes of the Seine-et-Marne department The following is a list of the 507 communes of the Seine-et-Marne department of France. The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2020):Official site * [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grandpuits-Bailly-Carrois
Grandpuits-Bailly-Carrois () is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. See also *Communes of the Seine-et-Marne department The following is a list of the 507 communes of the Seine-et-Marne department of France. The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2020):1999 Land Use, from IAURIF (Institute for Urban Planning and Development of the Paris-Île-de-France région) * [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Troyes
Troyes () is a commune and the capital of the department of Aube in the Grand Est region of north-central France. It is located on the Seine river about south-east of Paris. Troyes is situated within the Champagne wine region and is near to the Orient Forest Regional Natural Park. Troyes had a population of 61,996 inhabitants in 2018. It is the center of the agglomeration community Troyes Champagne Métropole, which was home to 170,145 inhabitants. Troyes developed as early as the Roman era, when it was known as Augustobona Tricassium. It stood at the hub of numerous highways, primarily the Via Agrippa. The city has a rich historical past, from the Tricasses tribe to the liberation of the city on 25 August 1944 during the Second World War, including the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains, the Council of Troyes, the marriage of Henry V and Catherine of France, and the Champagne fairs to which merchants came from all over Christendom. The city has a rich architectural and u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
