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Lowther Pennington, 2nd Baron Muncaster
General Lowther Pennington, 2nd Baron Muncaster (1745 – 29 July 1818) was a British Army general who saw active service during the American Revolution and the French Revolutionary Wars. Pennington seems to have been frequently at odds with his fellow officers: his arrival in America was signalized by a duel with the Royal Navy captain who brought him over, and in 1793, he was publicly reprimanded by the Duke of York for court-martialing an adjutant over a trifle. After thirty years of service in the Coldstream Guards, he received the colonelcy of the 131st Regiment of Foot in 1795, only for it to be disbanded the next year. He married late in life, in 1802, and promptly had one son. His last command was a Royal Veteran Battalion in 1806, which he resigned in 1813 upon inheriting his brother's barony and estates, dying five years later. Early life Pennington was the third son of Sir Joseph Pennington, 4th Baronet, and his wife Sarah. The Penningtons were an old Cumberland family ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Revolution
The American Revolution was an ideological and political revolution that occurred in British America between 1765 and 1791. The Americans in the Thirteen Colonies formed independent states that defeated the British in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), gaining independence from the British Crown and establishing the United States of America as the first nation-state founded on Enlightenment principles of liberal democracy. American colonists objected to being taxed by the Parliament of Great Britain, a body in which they had no direct representation. Before the 1760s, Britain's American colonies had enjoyed a high level of autonomy in their internal affairs, which were locally governed by colonial legislatures. During the 1760s, however, the British Parliament passed a number of acts that were intended to bring the American colonies under more direct rule from the British metropole and increasingly intertwine the economies of the colonies with those of Brit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Young's House
The Battle of Young's House was a skirmish fought outside New York City between British and American forces on February 3, 1780 during the American Revolutionary War. A British force attacked and destroyed a Continental Army outpost in Westchester County, New York. Background Following the British Army's successful occupation of New York City in 1776, the second year of the American Revolutionary War, the areas surrounding the city that were between the American and British lines became a no man's land. These areas, which included Westchester County, New York and Greenwich, Connecticut, were frequently the site of raiding actions between the combatants.Kwasny, pp. 255–257 At the end of 1779 this no man's land included Tarrytown and White Plains. The American lines were not far north of this area, extending into Mount Pleasant. An outpost at Four Corners (in the present-day Thornwood section of Mount Pleasant) occupied particularly advantageous ground, and its occupation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lowther Pennington, 3rd Baron Muncaster
Lowther Augustus John Pennington, 3rd Baron Muncaster (14 December 1802 – 30 April 1838), styled Hon. Lowther Pennington from 1813 to 1818, was a landowner in northern England and an Irish peer. Lowther was the only son of General Lowther Pennington, who married the widow Esther Morrison in January 1802 while on half-pay. The general inherited the barony of Muncaster from his brother in 1813, and died in 1818, leaving Lowther to succeed him in the barony and estates. On 15 December 1828, Muncaster married Frances Catherine Ramsden (1806–1853), the daughter of Sir John Ramsden, 4th Baronet. They had seven children: *Hon. Fanny Caroline Pennington (26 Aug 1829 – 12 July 1864) * Gamel Pennington, 4th Baron Muncaster (1831–1862) *Hon. Josslyn Pennington (b. and d. 24 August 1833) *Josslyn Pennington, 5th Baron Muncaster (1834–1917) *Hon. Rachel Matilda Pennington (b. and d. March 1836) *Hon. Alan Joseph Pennington (5 April 1837 – 14 June 1913), of Ragdale Hall, married on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)
Lieutenant general (Lt Gen), formerly more commonly lieutenant-general, is a senior rank in the British Army and the Royal Marines. It is the equivalent of a multinational three-star rank; some British lieutenant generals sometimes wear three-star insignia, in addition to their standard insignia, when on multinational operations. Lieutenant general is a superior rank to Major-general (United Kingdom), major general, but subordinate to a General (United Kingdom), (full) general. The rank has a NATO rank code of OF-8, equivalent to a Vice-Admiral (Royal Navy), vice-admiral in the Royal Navy and an air marshal in the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the air forces of many Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth countries. The rank insignia for both the Army and the Royal Marines is a crown over a crossed sabre and baton. Since the coronation of Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, Queen Elizabeth II, the St Edward's Crown, commonly known as the Queen's Crown, has been depicted. Before 1953 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Major-general (United Kingdom)
Major general (Maj Gen) is a "two-star" rank in the British Army and Royal Marines. The rank was also briefly used by the Royal Air Force for a year and a half, from its creation to August 1919. In the British Army, a major general is the customary rank for the appointment of division commander. In the Royal Marines, the rank of major general is held by the Commandant General. A Major General is senior to a Brigadier but subordinate to lieutenant general. The rank is OF-7 on the NATO rank scale, equivalent to a rear admiral in the Royal Navy or an air vice-marshal in the Royal Air Force and the air forces of many Commonwealth countries. The rank insignia is the star (or 'pip') of the Order of the Bath, over a crossed sword and baton. In terms of orthography, compound ranks were invariably hyphenated, prior to about 1980. Nowadays the rank is almost equally invariably non-hyphenated. When written as a title, especially before a person's name, both words of the rank are alw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Lincelles
The Battle of Lincelles was an action that took place as part of a larger manoeuvre on 17 August 1793 in the Flanders Campaign of the War of the First Coalition. It was fought between the forces of Revolutionary France under the command of Jean Baptiste Jourdan and , versus those of Great Britain under Frederick Augustus, Duke of York and Albany and the Dutch Republic under the Hereditary Prince of Orange. The action resulted in a coalition victory. The battle In the Autumn of 1793 the Allied forces of Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld were poised to invade France. The Hereditary Prince of Orange held Menin with 10,000 Dutch troops, with instructions to cover the movement of the corps of Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany in his advance towards Dunkirk. To facilitate this and take advantage of York's nearby support Orange decided to lead a column against the French-held village of Lincelles, while another under the Friedrich Karl August, Prince of Waldeck an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Wynyard (British Army Officer)
Lieutenant General William Wynyard (20 June 1759 – 11 July 1819) was a British Army officer who served as General Officer Commanding Northern District. Military career Born the son of Lieutenant General William Wynyard (1732–1789) and Catherine St. Leger, Wynyard was commissioned as an ensign on 23 November 1775. He was severely wounded at the Battle of Brandywine in September 1777 during the American Revolutionary War. During the French Revolutionary Wars he was present at the Battle of Raismes in May 1793, the Battle of Famars also in May 1793, the Siege of Valenciennes in June 1793, the Battle of Lincelles in August 1793, the Siege of Dunkirk in September 1793, the Battle of Le Cateau in March 1794 and the Battle of Tournay in May 1794. He became commanding officer of the 2nd battalion of the Coldstream Guards as well as Deputy Adjutant-General at the War Office in 1799. He went on to be Colonel of the West India Rangers in October 1806 and Colonel of the 5th Regime ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Court-martial
A court-martial or court martial (plural ''courts-martial'' or ''courts martial'', as "martial" is a postpositive adjective) is a military court or a trial conducted in such a court. A court-martial is empowered to determine the guilt of members of the armed forces subject to military law, and, if the defendant is found guilty, to decide upon punishment. In addition, courts-martial may be used to try prisoners of war for war crimes. The Geneva Conventions require that POWs who are on trial for war crimes be subject to the same procedures as would be the holding military's own forces. Finally, courts-martial can be convened for other purposes, such as dealing with violations of martial law, and can involve civilian defendants. Most navies have a standard court-martial which convenes whenever a ship is lost; this does not presume that the captain is suspected of wrongdoing, but merely that the circumstances surrounding the loss of the ship be made part of the official record. M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Valenciennes (1793)
The siege of Valenciennes took place between 13 June and 28 July 1793, during the Flanders Campaign of the War of the First Coalition. The French garrison under Jean Henri Becays Ferrand was blockaded by part of the army of Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, commanded by the Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany. Valenciennes fell on 28 July, resulting in an Allied victory. Background Following the defeat of the French Republican armies at Neerwinden, the Allied army under the Prince of Coburg recovered much of the Austrian Netherlands and began besieging Condé-sur-l'Escaut, while the demoralised French army's attempts to relieve the fortress in actions at Saint-Amand and Raismes were driven back. By mid-May Coburg was reinforced to a strength approaching 90,000, which allowed the Allies to drive the French from an entrenched camp in the Battle of Famars on 23 May, and lay siege to Valenciennes. Many of the French who had been driven from Famars took refuge in the fort ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antoine Nicolas Collier
Antoine Nicolas Collier, Comte de La Marlière (3 December 1745 – 27 November 1793), was a French Army officer and Republican General during the Wars of the French Revolution. Career Collier became Comte de La Marlière on 22 July 1756 and was admitted into the Royal Military School as ''Capitaine des levrettes''. Promoted Lieutenant Colonel 6 February 1791, he was made Colonel of the 14th Infantry Regiment 5 February 1792, and Maréchal de camp 25 August 1792. La Marlière joined the Armée du Nord in the War of the First Coalition, and was attached to the garrison of Lille, then was given command in the Northern Division of the Army of Belgium under Miranda on 1 December 1792. He was made Chief Staff Major in the Army of the Ardennes The Army of the Ardennes (''armée des Ardennes'') was a French Revolutionary Army formed on the first of October 1792 by splitting off the right wing of the Army of the North, commanded from July to August that year by La Fayette. From July t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Raismes (1793)
The Battle of Raismes, also known as the Battle of Condé or St. Amand, (8 May 1793) saw the French Republican army led by Auguste Marie Henri Picot de Dampierre attack the Allied Coalition army of Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. The French intended to raise the Siege of Condé, but were defeated by Coalition forces. The battle was fought during the Flanders Campaign in the War of the First Coalition. After hard fighting, the French were driving back a Prussian force when British reinforcements arrived to stabilize the situation. Dampierre was fatally wounded while leading a final unsuccessful assault. The Allies recaptured the lost ground two days later. Background Plans On 18 March 1793, the Allies under Prince Coburg defeated the French at the Battle of Neerwinden. Very quickly the French armies withdrew from the Austrian Netherlands and the Dutch Republic and reassembled behind the French frontier. The French commander Charles François Dumouriez briefly attem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Low Countries Theatre Of The War Of The First Coalition
The Low Countries theatre of the War of the First Coalition, in British historiography better known as the Flanders campaign, was a series of campaigns in the Low Countries conducted from 20 April 1792 to 7 June 1795 during the first years of the War of the First Coalition. As the French Revolution radicalised, the revolutionary National Convention and its predecessors broke the Catholic Church's power (1790), abolished the monarchy (1792) and even executed the deposed king Louis XVI of France (1793), vying to spread the Revolution beyond the new French Republic's borders, by violent means if necessary. The First Coalition, an alliance of reactionary states representing the Ancien Régime in Central and Western Europe – Habsburg Austria (including the Southern Netherlands), Prussia, Great Britain, the Dutch Republic (the Northern Netherlands), Hanover and Hesse-Kassel – mobilised military forces along all the French frontiers, threatening to invade Revolutionary France an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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