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Louis Tirman
Louis Tirman (29 July 1837 – 2 August 1899) was a French lawyer and civil servant who was prefect of several departments, Governor General of French Algeria from 1881 to 1891 and then Senator of Ardennes from 1892 until his death in 1899. He believed in consolidating the French presence in Algeria through support of the ''colons'' (French settlers), and the grant of French nationality to the Algerian-born children of Spanish and Italian settlers. Life Family Louis Tirman was born on 29 July 1837 in Mézières, Ardennes. He came from a prosperous bourgeois Mézières family. His family was Catholic, with liberal traditions. His father was Julien-Victor-Albert Tirman (1800–1862), a doctor and politician, member of the Higher Committee of Public Instruction and the Board of Administration of the Hospice de Mézières. His father was a municipal councilor in Mézières and general councilor for the Mézières from 1853 to 1862. His mother was Charlotte-Victorine Regnault (1812–1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of French Governors Of Algeria
In 1830, in the days before the outbreak of the July Revolution against the Bourbon Restoration in France, Bourbon Restoration in France, the French conquest of Algeria, conquest of Algeria was initiated by Charles X as an attempt to increase his popularity amongst the French people. The Invasion of Algiers in 1830, invasion began on 5 July 1830. Afterwards Algeria would become a French Algeria, territory within the French colonial empire from 1830 to 1962, under a variety of governmental systems. List (Dates in italics indicate ''de facto'' continuation of office) French colony of Algeria (1830–1848) French departments of Algeria (1848–1962) Shortly after the July Monarchy of Louis Philippe I was overthrown in the French Revolution of 1848, Revolution of 1848, the new government of the French Second Republic, Second Republic ended Algeria's status as a colony and declared it in the French Constitution of 1848, 1848 Constitution an integral part of France. Three ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Givet
Givet () (german: Gibet Walloon: ''Djivet'') is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France surrounded on three sides by the Belgian border. It lies on the river Meuse where Emperor Charles V built the fortress of Charlemont. It borders the French municipalities of Fromelennes to the east and Rancennes to the south and Foisches to the southeast. Later on, another building was added to the fort, the Caserne Rougé, the longest barracks of France at that time, named after Pierre François, Marquis de Rougé, general of the French armies k.a. 1761. The Pointe de Givet National Nature Reserve is partly located on the commune. History The town's history claims that Saint Hubert lived there in 720 and performed a miracle. The town has changed hands several times since the Roman era before becoming part of France in 1678, and was later invaded by Russians and Germans. During the Napoleonic Wars, the French maintained a camp here for British naval prisoners of war ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexandre Isaac
Pierre Alexandre Ildefonse Isaac (9 January 1845 – 5 August 1899) was a French lawyer who was a left-leaning Senator of Guadeloupe from 1885 until his death in 1899. He was of mixed African and European ancestry. He was particularly involved in colonial issues, always seeking administration based on justice and humanity. He was one of founding members of the Human Rights League in France. Early years (1845–85) Pierre Alexandre Ildefonse Isaac was born in Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, on 9 January 1845. He came from an influential ''mulâtre'' family of Pointe-à-Pitre. The Isaacs were educated and wealthy, and were among a small number of people of mixed race who had managed to join the political and economic elite of the island. Socially, Guadeloupe was still mostly segregated. Alexandre Isaac studied law and became an advocate. He was appointed a sub-inspector of registration, and was Director of the Interior of Guadeloupe from 1879 and 1884. Members of the African commun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Attigny, Ardennes
Attigny () is a commune in the Ardennes department in the Grand Est region of north-eastern France. The inhabitants of the commune are known as ''Attignatiens''. The commune has been awarded one flower by the ''National Council of Towns and Villages in Bloom'' in the ''Competition of cities and villages in Bloom''. Geography Attigny is located some 16 km east by south-east of Rethel and 14 km west by south-west of Le Chesne. Access to the commune is by the D 987 road from Charbogne in the north passing through the village and continuing south to Coulommes-et-Marqueny. The D 983 road comes from Givry in the west passing through the village and continuing south-east to Vrizy. The D 25 road comes from Saulces-Champenoises in the south-west merging with the D 983 west of the village then continuing north-east to Rilly-sur-Aisne. There is also a railway with a station just north of the village. There is the hamlet of La Couture east of the village. The town has a lar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jus Soli
''Jus soli'' ( , , ; meaning "right of soil"), commonly referred to as birthright citizenship, is the right of anyone born in the territory of a state to nationality or citizenship. ''Jus soli'' was part of the English common law, in contrast to '' jus sanguinis'', which derives from the Roman law that influenced the civil-law systems of mainland Europe. ''Jus soli'' is the predominant rule in the Americas; explanations for this geographical phenomenon include: the establishment of lenient laws by past European colonial powers to entice immigrants from the Old World and displace native populations in the New World, along with the emergence of successful Latin American independence movements that widened the definition and granting of citizenship, as a prerequisite to the abolishment of slavery since the 19th century. Outside the Americas, however, ''jus soli'' is rare. Since the Twenty-seventh Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland was enacted in 2004, no European count ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
M'zab
The M'zab or Mzab ( Mozabite: ''Aghlan'', ar, مزاب) is a natural region of the northern Sahara Desert in Ghardaïa Province, Algeria. It is located south of Algiers and there are approximately 360,000 inhabitants (2005 estimate). Geology The Mzab is a limestone plateau, centred on the Wad Mzab (''Oued Mzab'') valley. History The Mozabites ("Ath Mzab") are a branch of a large Berber tribe, the Iznaten, which lived in large areas of middle southern Algeria. Many Tifinagh letters and symbols are engraved around the Mzab Valley. After the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb, the Mozabites became Muslims of the Mu'tazili school. The indigenous Christian population persisted until the 11th century. After the fall of the Rustamid state, the Rustamid royal family with some of their citizens chose the Mzab Valley as their refuge. However, the Rostemids were Ibadi and sent a preacher (Abu Bakr an-Nafusi) who successfully converted the indigenous Mozabites. France invaded Alge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Devès
Pierre Paul Devès (3 November 1837 – 12 November 1899) was a French politician. He was a deputy from 1876 to 1884, and senator from 1886 until his death in 1899. He was Minister of Agriculture from 1881 to 1882, and Minister of Justice from 1882 to 1883. Early years (1837–76) Pierre Paul Devès was born on 3 November 1837 in Aurillac, Cantal. He trained as a lawyer and joined the bar in Béziers. He became a member of the general council of the Hérault representing the canton of Servian. During the Franco-Prussian War (1870–71) he was state prosecutor in Béziers from 20 September 1870 to 7 February 1871, when he became mayor of Béziers. National politics (1876–99) Devès was elected as a deputy for Béziers on 20 February 1876, and sat with the Republican Left. He was reelected after the house was dissolved on 14 October 1877. He was reelected in the second round on 4 September 1881, then resigned and ran successfully for election for Bagnères-de-Bigorre on 18 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crémieux Decree
The Crémieux Decree () was a law that granted French citizenship to the majority of the Jewish population in French Algeria (around 35,000), signed by the Government of National Defense on 24 October 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War. It was named after French-Jewish lawyer and Minister of Justice Adolphe Crémieux. The decree automatically made the native Algerian Jews French citizens, while their Muslim Arabs and Berbers neighbors were excluded and remained under the second-class indigenous status outlined in the Code de l'Indigénat. Muslim Algerians could, on paper, apply individually for French citizenship, but this required that they formally renounce Islam and its laws, and their requests were additionally very seldom accepted. That set the scene for deteriorating relations between the Muslim and Jewish communities, with tensions increased by the colonial administration discrimination between natives and citizens. Seeing one's indigenous brother become a first class c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conseil D'État (France)
In France, the Council of State (french: Conseil d'État, links=no, ) is a governmental body that acts both as legal adviser to the executive branch and as the supreme court for administrative justice. Established in 1799 by Napoleon as a successor to the King's Council (''Conseil du Roi''), it is located in the Palais-Royal in Paris and is primarily made up of top-level legal officers. The Vice President of the Council of State ranks as the ninth most important civil servant in France. Members of the Council of State are part of a Grand Corps of the French State (''Grand corps de l'État''). The Council of State mainly recruits from among the top-ranking students graduating from the École nationale d'administration. Composition A General Session of the Council of State is presided over by the Prime Minister or, in their absence, the Minister of Justice. However, since the real presidency of the Council is held by the Vice-President, the Vice President of the Council of State ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bouches-du-Rhône
Bouches-du-Rhône ( , , ; oc, Bocas de Ròse ; "Mouths of the Rhône") is a department in Southern France. It borders Vaucluse to the north, Gard to the west and Var to the east. The Mediterranean Sea lies to the south. Its prefecture and largest city is Marseille; other important cities include Aix-en-Provence, Arles, Martigues and Aubagne. Marseille, France's second-largest city, has one of the largest container ports in the country. It prizes itself as France's oldest city, founded by Greek settlers from Phocaea around 600 BC. Bouches-du-Rhône is the most populous department of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, with 2,043,110 inhabitants as of 2019.Populations légales 2019: 13 Bouches-du-Rhône INSEE It has an area of . Its [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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