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Louis-Marie Le Gouardun
Louis-Marie Le Gouardun (Lorient, 9 September 1753 — Lorient, 18 December 1814) was a French Navy officer. Starting his career in the French East India Company, he served under Suffren in the Indian Ocean during the Anglo-French War, and later in important actions of the French Revolutionary Wars. He commanded ''Dix-Août'' during her victorious Action of 24 June 1801 against ''Swiftsure''. After serving through the First French Empire, Le Gouardun was forcibly retired at the Bourbon Restoration. Biography Born to Louise Péruchon and Renée-Marie Le Gouardun, an officer of the French East India Company,Quintin, p.220 Louis-Marie Le Gouardun started sailing in 1771 of the East indiaman ''Laverdy'', which his father captained. He rose in the ranks of the Company, sailing on ''Brune'' as an Ensign in 1774–1775, and on ''Thérèse'' as a Lieutenant in 1778–1779. On 22 August 1779, Le Gouardun joined the French Royal Navy as a Frigate Lieutenant on the 80-gun ''Orient''. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lorient
Lorient (; ) is a town (''Communes of France, commune'') and Port, seaport in the Morbihan Departments of France, department of Brittany (administrative region), Brittany in western France. History Prehistory and classical antiquity Beginning around 3000 BC, settlements in the area of Lorient are attested by the presence of Megalith, megalithic architecture. Ruins of Roman roads (linking Vannes to Quimper and Port-Louis, Morbihan, Port-Louis to Carhaix) confirm Gallo-Roman presence. Founding In 1664, Jean-Baptiste Colbert founded the French East Indies Company. In June 1666, an Ordonnance, ordinance of Louis XIV of France, Louis XIV granted lands of Port-Louis, Morbihan, Port-Louis to the company, along with Faouédic on the other side of the roadstead. One of its directors, Denis Langlois, bought lands at the confluence of the Scorff and the Blavet rivers, and built slipways. At first, it only served as a subsidiary of Port-Louis, where offices and warehouses were loc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enseigne De Vaisseau Non Entretenu
''Enseigne de vaisseau non entretenu'' (literally: "Ensign without a salary") was a junior naval rank in the French Navy during the Revolutionary Wars. The duties of an ''Enseigne de vaisseau non entretenu'' were the same as those of an ''enseigne de vaisseau entretenu'' (Ensign An ensign is the national flag flown on a vessel to indicate nationality. The ensign is the largest flag, generally flown at the stern (rear) of the ship while in port. The naval ensign (also known as war ensign), used on warships, may be diffe ...), but on a contractual basis rather than a full commission. An ''Enseigne de vaisseau non entretenu'' would wear the uniform and have authority only when on service, and was not paid when off-duty. There was a fixed number (200) of positions for "entretenus", which required a competitive examination. The number "non entretenus" had no such limit, and one could obtain the status by a simple examination or by captaining a merchantman. This allowed the Navy to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Action Of 24 June 1801
The action of 24 June 1801 was a minor naval engagement during the French Revolutionary Wars. A British ship of the line, HMS ''Swiftsure'' under Captain Benjamin Hallowell was passing westwards through the Southern Mediterranean near Cape Derna when it encountered a much larger French squadron under Contre-Amiral Honoré Ganteaume that was also returning westwards after a failed attempt to reinforce the besieged French garrison in Egypt. Although Hallowell immediately recognised the danger his vessel was in and turned to flee, the French ships were much faster and soon closed with his ship. At 14:00, three French vessels were within long gunshot and Hallowell decided that his only hope of escape lay in disabling the three ships before the rest of the French squadron could join the engagement. Turning towards the enemy, Hallowell found that his sluggish ship was unable to respond rapidly to French manoeuvres and within two hours ''Swiftsure'' was surrounded. Threatened with co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Indivisible
''Indivisible'' was a 80-gun ship of the line of the French Navy. Career Originally named the ''Indivisible'' in 1793, she was commissioned in Toulon on 23 September 1800. On 18 March 1800, Captain Louis-Marie Le Gouardun took command, which he retained until 9 March 1801.Quintin, p.221 On 5 February 1803, she was renamed ''Alexandre'', and recommissioned in Brest under Captain Leveyer. In December, under Captain Garreau, she was part of Corentin Urbain Leissègues's squadron bound for San Domingo. She took part in the subsequent Battle of San Domingo, where she was badly damaged by the fire of , which left her adrift, her rigging shot off and her rudder destroyed. She was taken by . From 1808, the Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against F ... used her as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Sceptre (1780)
''Sceptre'' was a 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy. Built under the Ancien Régime, she took part in the naval operations in the American Revolutionary War. At the Revolution, she took part in the main actions of the French Revolutionary Wars, notably the so-called Glorious First of June and in Bruix' expedition of 1799. Showing her age by the rise of the First French Empire, she was hulked and eventually broken up. Career In 1781 and 1782, she took part in the naval operations in the American Revolutionary War, under Admiral de Grasse. She fought at the Battle of the Chesapeake and faced HMS Formidable on 12 April 1782 at the Battle of the SaintesFamous Fighters of the Fleet, Edward Fraser, 1904, p.119 under Louis de Rigaud de Vaudreuil. In August, ''Sceptre'', ''Astrée'' and , under La Pérouse, raided several English fur trading posts during the Hudson Bay Expedition, including Fort Prince of Wales. In 1783, she was decommissioned in Brest. On 29 Septem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Frigate Aglaé (1788)
The ''Aglaé'' was a 32-gun frigate of the French Navy, built to a design by P. Duhamel. Service During the Revolutionary wars, she was used to ferry troops to the Caribbean, and spent two years on station at Saint Domingue. In 1793, she undertook a refit, after which she was renamed ''Fraternité''. Under ''lieutenant de vaisseau'' Gourrège, she cruised off Spain, and later she took part in the Battle of Groix on 23 June 1795 under ''lieutenant de vaisseau'' Florinville. During the winter 1796, she took part in the Croisière du Grand Hiver under vice-admiral Morard de Galles. On 30 December, she helped ''Révolution'' in rescuing the crew of ''Scevola'', which foundered in the tempest off Ireland. ''Fraternité'' returned to Rochefort on 14 January 1797. On 22 September 1798, Captain Louis-Marie Le Gouardun Louis-Marie Le Gouardun (Lorient, 9 September 1753 — Lorient, 18 December 1814) was a French Navy officer. Starting his career in the French East India Company, he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Frigate Loire (1796)
''Loire'' was a 38-gun frigate of the French Navy. She was captured following the Battle of Tory Island by a Royal Navy frigate squadron and subsequently taken into British service as HMS ''Loire''. French service and capture On 21 December 1797, Captain Louis-Marie Le Gouardun took command, until 22 September 1798.Quintin, p.221 ''Loire'' took part in the Expédition d'Irlande, and in the Battle of Tory Island, where she battled , , and . After the battle, ''Loire'' and ''Sémillante'' escaped into Black Cod Bay, where they hoped to hide until they had a clear passage back to France. However, late on 15 October, a British frigate squadron under James Newman Newman rounded the southern headland of the bay, forcing the French ships to flee to the north.James, p. 137 Pressing on sail in pursuit, Newman ordered ''Révolutionaire'' to focus on ''Sémillante'' whilst he pursued ''Loire'' in , accompanied by the brig under Commander Edward Brace. ''Loire'' and ''Sémillante'' sepa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Court-martial
A court-martial or court martial (plural ''courts-martial'' or ''courts martial'', as "martial" is a postpositive adjective) is a military court or a trial conducted in such a court. A court-martial is empowered to determine the guilt of members of the armed forces subject to military law, and, if the defendant is found guilty, to decide upon punishment. In addition, courts-martial may be used to try prisoners of war for war crimes. The Geneva Conventions require that POWs who are on trial for war crimes be subject to the same procedures as would be the holding military's own forces. Finally, courts-martial can be convened for other purposes, such as dealing with violations of martial law, and can involve civilian defendants. Most navies have a standard court-martial which convenes whenever a ship is lost; this does not presume that the captain is suspected of wrongdoing, but merely that the circumstances surrounding the loss of the ship be made part of the official record. M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pulley
A pulley is a wheel on an axle or shaft that is designed to support movement and change of direction of a taut cable or belt, or transfer of power between the shaft and cable or belt. In the case of a pulley supported by a frame or shell that does not transfer power to a shaft, but is used to guide the cable or exert a force, the supporting shell is called a block, and the pulley may be called a sheave. A pulley may have a groove or grooves between flanges around its circumference to locate the cable or belt. The drive element of a pulley system can be a rope, cable, belt, or chain. The earliest evidence of pulleys dates back to Ancient Egypt in the Twelfth Dynasty (1991-1802 BCE) and Mesopotamia in the early 2nd millennium BCE. In Roman Egypt, Hero of Alexandria (c. 10-70 CE) identified the pulley as one of six simple machines used to lift weights. Pulleys are assembled to form a block and tackle in order to provide mechanical advantage to apply large forces. Pulleys are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Groix
The Battle of Groix was a large naval engagement which took place near the island of Groix off the Biscay coast of Brittany on 23 June 1795 ( 5 messidor an III) during the French Revolutionary Wars. The battle was fought between elements of the British Channel Fleet and the French Atlantic Fleet, which were cruising in the region on separate missions. The British fleet, commanded by Admiral Lord Bridport, was covering an invasion convoy carrying a French Royalist army to invade Quiberon, while the French under Vice-admiral Villaret de Joyeuse had sailed a week earlier to rescue a French convoy from attack by a British squadron. The French fleet had driven off the British squadron in a battle on 17 June known as Cornwallis's Retreat, and were attempting to return to their base at Brest when Bridport's force of 14 ships of the line appeared on 22 June. Villaret, believing that the stronger British fleet would destroy his own 12 ships of the line, ordered his force to fall back t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Jean Bart (1790)
''Jean Bart'' was a 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy. Ship history The ship was laid down at Lorient on 1 June 1788 from a design by Jacques-Noël Sané, and launched on 7 November 1790. Construction was delayed by lack of materials, and she was not completed until March 1791. In 1793, she was part of the squadron led by Van Stabel. Along with the , she rescued the which was in danger of being captured by the British. She took part in the Atlantic campaign of May 1794, and in the capture of on 6 November. She was also part of the ''Croisière du Grand Hiver'' winter campaign in 1794/95, serving in Van Stabel's division. On 15 May 1795, Captain Louis-Marie Le Gouardun took command.Quintin, p.221 ''Jean Bart'' was present at the Battle of Genoa in March 1795, and in Cornwallis's Retreat and the subsequent Battle of Groix in June 1795. In 1800, she sailed to the Mediterranean and made her homeport at Toulon. On 9 August 1803, Le Gouardun returned as captain, keepi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
74-gun
The "seventy-four" was a type of two- decked sailing ship of the line, which nominally carried 74 guns. It was developed by the French navy in the 1740s, replacing earlier classes of 60- and 62-gun ships, as a larger complement to the recently-developed 64-gun ships. Impressed with the performance of several captured French seventy-fours, the British Royal Navy quickly adopted similar designs, classing them as third rates. The type then spread to the Spanish, Dutch, Danish and Russian navies. The design was considered a good balance between firepower and sailing qualities. Hundreds of seventy-fours were constructed, becoming the dominant form of ship-of-the-line. They remained the mainstay of most major fleets into the early 19th century. From the 1820s, they began to be replaced by larger two-decked ships mounting more guns. However some seventy-fours remained in service until the late 19th century, when they were finally supplanted by ironclads. Standardising on a common ship s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
