Lode Coordinates
Lode coordinates (z,r,\theta) or Haigh–Westergaard coordinates (\xi,\rho,\theta).Menetrey, P.H., Willam, K.J., 1995, ''Triaxial Failure Criterion for Concrete and Its Generalization'', ACI Structural Journal are a set of Invariants of tensors, tensor invariants that span the space of Real number, real, Symmetric tensor, symmetric, second-order, 3-dimensional tensors and are Isomorphism, isomorphic with respect to Stress space, principal stress space. This Right-hand rule, right-handed Orthogonality, orthogonal coordinate system is named in honor of the German scientist Dr. Walter Lode because of his seminal paper written in 1926 describing the effect of the middle principal stress on metal plasticity. Other examples of sets of tensor invariants are the set of principal stresses (\sigma_1, \sigma_2, \sigma_3) or the set of kinematic invariants (I_1, J_2, J_3). The Lode coordinate system can be described as a cylindrical coordinate system within principal stress space with a coinci ...
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