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Lluís Maria Xirinacs
Lluís Maria Xirinacs i Damians (; 6 August 1932 – 11 August 2007) was a Spanish politician, writer, catholic cleric and advocate for the independence of Catalonia. Biography He was born in Barcelona in 1932, and he became a priest when he was 22. In 1990 he abandoned the priesthood. In the 1960s and 1970s, he conducted several hunger strikes, the first a long one against the relationship between church and state in Francoist Spain. He was imprisoned twice (1972 and 1974–75). He declared himself a follower of Gandhi's ideals and employed non-violence in his struggles. For example, he spent twelve hours a day for a year and nine months standing in front of a Barcelona prison until the approval of an amnesty law for political prisoners. As a result of all these actions, he was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize every year from 1975 to 1977. In 1977, in the first Spanish elections after the end of Francoist Spain, he became senator for Barcelona as an independent candidat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assembly Of Catalonia
The Assembly of Catalonia (Catalan: ''Assemblea de Catalunya'', Spanish: ''Asamblea de Cataluña'') was a unitary body of the anti-Francoist opposition of Catalonia created in November 1971. Its fundamental demands were the demand for democratic freedoms, the general amnesty for political prisoners and the achievement of the statute of autonomy, which were synthesized in the motto of ''Freedom, Amnesty, Statute of Autonomy''. In addition to the political parties—all of them clandestine—forces of various kinds were part of it, such as trade union organizations, professional groups, representatives of the university movement, neighborhood movements, Christian groups, regional assemblies, etc. The objectives of the Assembly were achieved during the democratic transition, especially when the Cortes approved the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia in 1979. Background Having managed to survive the harsh repression of the first two decades of the dictatorship, the anti-Francoist oppos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ciutat Vella
Ciutat Vella (, meaning in English "Old City") is a district of Barcelona, numbered District 1. The name means "old city" in Catalan and refers to the oldest neighborhoods in the city of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. ''Ciutat Vella'' is nestled between the Mediterranean Sea and the neighborhood called ''l'Eixample'' ("the Extension"). There are four administrative neighborhoods (some of them include former or traditional neighborhoods): *La Barceloneta *El Gòtic *El Raval *Sant Pere, Santa Caterina i la Ribera: **Sant Pere **Santa Caterina **La Ribera Les Rambles Running down the center of the ''Ciutat Vella'' (dividing the ''Raval'' and ''Barri Gòtic'') are the boulevards ''Les Rambles'', popularly known as '' La Rambla'' (in singular) since they are continuous, like a single street. ''Les Rambles'' stretches from '' Plaça Catalunya'' to the Mediterranean Sea and, since the 1990s, now extends out over the sea into one of Barcelona's newest centers of entertainment, ''M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Policía Nacional (Spain)
The National Police Corps ( es, Cuerpo Nacional de Policía, link=no, CNP; ; also known simply as National Police, ) is the national civilian police force of Spain. The CNP is mainly responsible for policing urban areas, whilst rural policing is generally the responsibility of the Civil Guard, the Spanish national gendarmerie force. The CNP operates under the authority of Spain's Ministry of the Interior. They mostly handle criminal investigation, judicial, terrorism and immigration matters. The powers of the National Police Corps varies according to the autonomous communities. For example, Ertzaintza in the Basque Country and Mossos d'Esquadra in Catalonia are the primary police agencies. In Navarra they share some duties jointly with Policía Foral (Foruzaingoa). History The 1986 organic law unifying the separate uniformed and plainclothes branches of the national police was a major reform that required a considerable period of time to be brought into full effect. The for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Audiencia Nacional Of Spain
The Audiencia Nacional (; en, National Court) is a centralised court in Spain with jurisdiction over all of the Spanish territory. It is specialised in a certain scope of delinquency, having original jurisdiction over major crimes such as those committed against the Crown and its members, terrorism, forgery of currency, credit and debit cards and checks, some trade crimes committed in more than one region and over drug trafficking, food frauds and medical frauds committed in a nationwide level as well as over international crimes which come under the competence of Spanish courts.LOPJ § 65. It has also appellate jurisdiction over the cases of the Criminal Chamber of the National CourtLOPJ § 64. The Audiencia Nacional was created in 1977 at the same time as the Public Order Court (''Tribunal de Orden Público''), an exceptional court created in Francoist Spain, ceased to exist. Most of the rulings of the National Court can ultimately be appealed before the Supreme Court (''T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batasuna
Batasuna (; en, Unity) was a Basque nationalist political party. Based mainly in Spain, it was banned in 2003, after a court ruling declared proven that the party was financing ETA with public money. The party is included in the "European Union list of terrorist persons and organizations" as a component of ETA. , 29 May 2006 :*''Euskadi Ta Askatasuna The following organisations are allegedly part of the terrorist group ETA: KAS, Xaki; Ekin, Jarrai- Haika- Segi, Gestoras Pro-amnistía, Askatasuna, Batasuna (also known as Herri Batasuna, also known as Euskal Herritarrok) Right after having been banned, Batasuna still managed to organize or support some rallies, public actions and several workplace strikes. The Spanish ruling was appealed before and, later on, confirmed by the European Court of Human Rights. As an association and not as a political party, Batasuna had a minor presence in the French Basque country, where it remained legal as "Batasuna" until its self-diss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ETA (separatist Group)
ETA, an acronym for Euskadi Ta Askatasuna ("Basque Homeland and Liberty"ETA BASQUE ORGANIZATION Encyclopaedia Britannica 20 October 2011 or "Basque Country and Freedom"), was an armed Basque nationalism, Basque nationalist and far left separatism, separatist organization in the Basque Country (greater region), Basque Country (in northern Spain and southwestern France). The group was founded in 1959 and later evolved from a group promoting traditional Basque culture to a paramilitary group engaged in a violent campaign of bombing, assassinations, and kidnappings in the Southern Basque Country and throughout Spanish territory. Its goal was gaining independence for the Basque Country. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish State
Francoist Spain ( es, España franquista), or the Francoist dictatorship (), was the period of Spanish history between 1939 and 1975, when Francisco Franco ruled Spain after the Spanish Civil War with the title . After his death in 1975, Spanish transition to democracy, Spain transitioned into a democracy. During this time period, Spain was officially known as the Spanish State (). The nature of the regime evolved and changed during its existence. Months after the start of the Spanish Civil War in July 1936, Franco emerged as the dominant rebel military leader and was proclaimed head of state on 1 October 1936, ruling a dictatorship over the territory controlled by the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalist faction. The Unification Decree (Spain, 1937), 1937 Unification Decree, which merged all parties supporting the rebel side, led to Nationalist Spain becoming a single-party regime under the FET y de las JONS. The end of the war in 1939 brought the extension of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fossar De Les Moreres
The Fossar de les Moreres (, literally "Grave of the Mulberries") is a memorial square in Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain), adjacent to the basilica of Santa Maria del Mar. The plaza was built over a cemetery where defenders of the city were buried following the Siege of Barcelona at the end of the War of the Spanish Succession in 1714. The plaza features a memorial to the fallen Catalans of the war, with a torch of eternal flame and a heroic poem by Frederic Soler, "El Fossar de les Moreres". In the aftermath of the War of Spanish Succession, Catalonia suffered a loss of autonomy. The subsequent royal decrees known as the ''Decretos de Nueva Planta'' abolished the ''furs'' (fueros) of Catalonia as well as institutions that dated back to the time of the Crown of Aragon and beyond. At a later date the public use of the Catalan language was banned for public documents. The ''Decretos'' dealt not only with Catalonia, but also with other parts of Spain and the empire as a whole. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Day Of Catalonia
) , type = National day , longtype = National day , significance = Commemorates the fall of Barcelona during the War of the Spanish Succession in 1714. , image = Rafael Casanova 11 Setembre.jpg , caption = Floral offerings to the monument of Rafael Casanova, one of the commanders of the Catalan army during the Siege of Barcelona in Barcelona, 2005 , official_name = ''Diada Nacional de Catalunya'' , nickname = ''Diada, Onze de Setembre'' , observedby = Catalonia (Spain) , duration = 1 day , frequency = annual , date = 11 September , celebrations = Flag hoisting, floral offerings, singing patriotic songs and ''Els Segadors'', speeches, demonstrations, entertainment and cultural programs , observances = , relatedto = The National Day of Catalonia ( ca, Diada Nacional de Catalunya , es, Día Nacional de Cataluña) is a day-long festival in Catalonia and one of its official national symbols, celebrated annually on 11 S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catalan Countries
The Catalan Countries ( ca, països catalans, , ) refers to those territories where the Catalan language is spoken. They include the Spanish regions of Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, Valencian Community, Valencia, and parts of Aragon (''La Franja'') and Region of Murcia, Murcia (Carche), as well as the Andorra, Principality of Andorra, the department of Pyrénées-Orientales (aka Northern Catalonia, including Cerdanya, Cerdagne, Roussillon, and Vallespir) in France, and the city of Alghero in Sardinia (Italy). In the context of Catalan nationalism, the term is sometimes used in a more restricted way to refer to just Catalonia, Valencia and the Balearic Islands. The Catalan Countries do not correspond to any present or past political or administrative unit, though most of the area belonged to the Crown of Aragon in the Middle Ages. Parts of Valencia (Spanish) and Catalonia (Occitan language, Occitan) are not Catalan-speaking. The "Catalan Countries" have been at the centre of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plaça Sant Jaume
The Plaça de Sant Jaume (, in English "Saint James's Square") is a square at the center of the Old City of Barcelona and the administrative heart of both the city and surrounding Catalonia. This is because the Palace of the Generalitat of Catalonia and the City Hall are located here across from one another. This square's origin stems from the early-19th century, when the new main façade of City Hall was built and the former church of Sant Jaume was demolished. History The Plaça Sant Jaume is located at the former center of the Roman city of Barcino, where its main streets, the ''cardo'' (modern day Llibreteria and Call streets) and '' decumanus'' (now the streets of Bisbe/Ciutat/Regomir), crossed. At this junction there was the forum and the Temple of Augustus, of which four columns are preserved on top of Mont Tàber, found at the adjacent Paradís Street. The square takes its modern name from the church of Sant Jaume, which had been located at the site of the square s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
