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List Of Women's Firsts
This is a list of women's firsts noting the first time that a woman or women achieved a given historical feat. A shorthand phrase for this development is "breaking the gender barrier" or "breaking the glass ceiling." Other terms related to the glass ceiling can be used for specific fields related to those terms, such as "breaking the brass ceiling" for women in the military and "breaking the stained glass ceiling" for women clergy. Inclusion on the list is reserved for achievements by women that have significant historical impact. General business *1500s: Philippine Welser, first European female billionaire. *1889: Anna Bissell, first female CEO in the United States of America. *1903: Maggie L. Walker, first African-American woman to charter a bank. *1915: Helena Rubinstein, the first woman to found a cosmetics company. *1945: Ruth Handler, the first president of a major toy company. *1961: Katherine Graham, first female to lead a Fortune 500 company. *1992: Alice Walton, first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glass Ceiling
A glass ceiling is a metaphor usually applied to women, used to represent an invisible barrier that prevents a given demographic from rising beyond a certain level in a hierarchy.Federal Glass Ceiling Commission''Solid Investments: Making Full Use of the Nation's Human Capital''. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Labor, November 1995, p. 13-15. No matter how invisible the glass ceiling is expressed, it is actually a difficult obstacle to overcome. The metaphor was first used by feminists in reference to barriers in the careers of high-achieving women.Federal Glass Ceiling Commission''Good for Business: Making Full Use of the Nation's Human Capital.'' Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Labor, March 1995. It was coined by Marilyn Loden during a speech in 1978. In the United States, the concept is sometimes extended to refer to racial inequality in the United States. Minority women in white-majority countries often find the most difficulty in "breaking the glass ceiling" beca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kathryn Farmer
Kathryn M. "Katie" Thompson Farmer (born c. 1970) is an American railroad executive. In January 2021, she became the first woman chief executive of a Class I railroad succeeding Carl Ice at BNSF Railway. Biography Kathryn M. Farmer graduated from Texas Christian University with a Bachelor of Business Administration and an MBA in Finance. Farmer joined Burlington Northern Railroad in 1992 as a management trainee. She has spent her entire career at BNSF (Burlington Northern merged with Santa Fe in 1996 to become BNSF and became wholly owned by Berkshire Hathaway in 2010), holding positions in operations, marketing and finance. Farmer served as the Executive Vice President Operations title since September 2018. In September 2020, it was announced that she would succeed Carl Ice Carl R. Ice is an American businessman. He has been the President of BNSF Railway from November 1, 2010, and President and CEO since January 1, 2014, succeeding Matthew K. Rose in the role. At the end of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monash University
Monash University () is a public research university based in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Named for prominent World War I general Sir John Monash, it was founded in 1958 and is the second oldest university in the state. The university has a number of campuses, four of which are in Victoria ( Clayton, Caulfield, Peninsula, and Parkville), and one in Malaysia. Monash also has a research and teaching centre in Prato, Italy, a graduate research school in Mumbai, India and graduate schools in Suzhou, China and Tangerang, Indonesia. Monash University courses are also delivered at other locations, including South Africa. Monash is home to major research facilities, including the Monash Law School, the Australian Synchrotron, the Monash Science Technology Research and Innovation Precinct (STRIP), the Australian Stem Cell Centre, Victorian College of Pharmacy, and 100 research centres and 17 co-operative research centres. In 2019, its total revenue was over $2.72 billion (AUD ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Czar
Tsar ( or ), also spelled ''czar'', ''tzar'', or ''csar'', is a title used by East and South Slavic monarchs. The term is derived from the Latin word ''caesar'', which was intended to mean "emperor" in the European medieval sense of the term—a ruler with the same rank as a Roman emperor, holding it by the approval of another emperor or a supreme ecclesiastical official (the Pope or the Ecumenical Patriarch)—but was usually considered by western Europeans to be equivalent to "king". It lends its name to a system of government, tsarist autocracy or tsarism. "Tsar" and its variants were the official titles of the following states: * Bulgarian Empire (First Bulgarian Empire in 681–1018, Second Bulgarian Empire in 1185–1396), and also used in Tsardom of Bulgaria, in 1908–1946 * Serbian Empire, in 1346–1371 * Tsardom of Russia, in 1547–1721 (replaced in 1721 by ''imperator'' in Russian Empire, but still remaining in use, also officially in relation to several regi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eugenie Mikhailovna Shakhovskaya
Princess Eugenie Mikhailovna Shakhovskaya ( St. Petersburg, Russian Empire), 1889 – Kiev ( Ukraine), 1920) (''Евгения Михайловна Шаховская, Yevgeniya Mikhaylovna Shakhovskaya'') was a Russian Empire pioneering aviator. She was the first woman to become a military pilot when she flew reconnaissance missions for the Tsar in 1914. She started taking flying lessons in 1911, and was awarded her flying licence in 1912. However, she gave up flying in 1913 after her instructor died mid-flight. She was convinced to start flying again and flew reconnaissance missions in World War 1. Eugenie was accused of being a spy, arrested, and sentenced to death. However, she was shown mercy by the Tsar, her cousin, and sentenced to life in prison. In 1917, during the Russian Revolution, she was freed from prison. She became the chief executioner for the Cheka The All-Russian Extraordinary Commission ( rus, Всероссийская чрезвычайная ком ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Odrin (1912–13)
A siege is a military blockade of a city, or fortress, with the intent of conquering by attrition, or a well-prepared assault. This derives from la, sedere, lit=to sit. Siege warfare is a form of constant, low-intensity conflict characterized by one party holding a strong, static, defensive position. Consequently, an opportunity for negotiation between combatants is common, as proximity and fluctuating advantage can encourage diplomacy. The art of conducting and resisting sieges is called siege warfare, siegecraft, or poliorcetics. A siege occurs when an attacker encounters a city or fortress that cannot be easily taken by a quick assault, and which refuses to surrender. Sieges involve surrounding the target to block the provision of supplies and the reinforcement or escape of troops (a tactic known as "investment"). This is typically coupled with attempts to reduce the fortifications by means of siege engines, artillery bombardment, mining (also known as sapping), or the use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rayna Kasabova
Rayna Kasabova (Cyrillic: ''Райна Касабова''; 1 May 1897, in Karlovo – 25 May 1969) was a volunteer nurse and the first woman in the world who participated in a military flight during the First Balkan War in 1912. On 30 October 1912, at the age of 15, Kasabova was an observer in a Voisin aircraft that flew over enemy positions in Edirne. Kasabova threw out Turkish language propaganda leaflets. Kasabova Glacier on Davis Coast in Graham Land on the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica is named after Rayna Kasabova. There is a service road named Rayna Kasabova in Bulgaria adjacent to the Sofia Airport Sofia Airport ( bg, Летище София, translit=Letishte Sofiya) is the main international airport of Bulgaria, located east of the centre of the capital Sofia. In 2019 the airport surpassed 7 million passengers for the first time. The ai .... References Further reading * * 1897 births 1969 deaths People from Karlovo Bulgarian military personnel of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
English Channel
The English Channel, "The Sleeve"; nrf, la Maunche, "The Sleeve" (Cotentinais) or ( Jèrriais), (Guernésiais), "The Channel"; br, Mor Breizh, "Sea of Brittany"; cy, Môr Udd, "Lord's Sea"; kw, Mor Bretannek, "British Sea"; nl, Het Kanaal, "The Channel"; german: Ärmelkanal, "Sleeve Channel" ( French: ''la Manche;'' also called the British Channel or simply the Channel) is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates Southern England from northern France. It links to the southern part of the North Sea by the Strait of Dover at its northeastern end. It is the busiest shipping area in the world. It is about long and varies in width from at its widest to at its narrowest in the Strait of Dover."English Channel". ''The Columbia Encyclopedia'', 2004. It is the smallest of the shallow seas around the continental shelf of Europe, covering an area of some . The Channel was a key factor in Britain becoming a naval superpower and has been utilised by Britain as a natural def ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harriet Quimby
Harriet Quimby (May 11, 1875 – July 1, 1912) was an American pioneering aviator, journalist, and film screenwriter. In 1911, she became the first woman in the United States to receive a pilot certificate, issued to her by the Aero Club of America. In 1912, she became the first woman to fly across the English Channel. Although Quimby lived only to the age of 37, she influenced the role of women in aviation. Early life and early career She was born on May 11, 1875, in Arcadia Township, Manistee County, Michigan. Her father had purchased a farm there in 1874, and the family was listed there in the 1880 United States Census. They moved to Arroyo Grande, California, about 1888. After her family moved to San Francisco, California, in the early 1900s, she became a journalist. Harriet Quimby's public life began in 1902, when she began writing for the ''San Francisco Dramatic Review'' and also contributed to the Sunday editions of the San Francisco Chronicle and San Francisco Call. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lilian Bland
Lilian Bland (28 September 1878 – 11 May 1971) was an Anglo-Irish journalist and pioneer aviator who, in 1910–11, became one of the first women in the British Isles, and maybe even in the world, to design, build, and fly an aircraft – the Bland Mayfly. Early life Bland was born in Maidstone, Kent on 28 September 1878, to a family of Anglo-Irish gentry, the third child of John Humphrey Bland and his wife Emily Charlotte (née Madden) and lived at Willington House, located on Willington Street (formerly, Willington Lane). Around the turn of the century, she began working as a sports journalist and press photographer for various London newspapers; she lived an unconventional lifestyle for the period; smoking, wearing trousers, hunting, shooting, and fishing. Between 1900 and 1906, following the death of her mother, Bland (aged 28) and her father moved to Tobercorran House in Northern Ireland. Tobercorran was the family house in Carnmoney, and was located on Glebe Road West, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raymonde De Laroche
Raymonde de Laroche (22 August 1882 – 18 July 1919) was a French pilot, thought to be the first woman to pilot a plane. She became the world's first licensed female pilot on 8 March 1910. She received the 36th aeroplane pilot's licence issued by the Aeroclub de France, the world's first organization to issue pilot licences. At the time, pilot licences were only required for pilots operating aircraft for commercial purposes. Early life Born on 22 August 1882 in Paris, France, as Elise Raymonde Deroche, Raymonde De Laroche was the daughter of a plumber. She had a fondness for sports as a child, as well as for motorcycles and automobiles when she was older. As a young woman she became an actress and used the stage name "Raymonde de Laroche". She was inspired by Wilbur Wright's 1908 demonstrations of powered flight in Paris and was personally acquainted with several aviators, including artist-turned-aviator Léon Delagrange, who was reputed to be the father of her son André. Du ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sophie Blanchard
Sophie Blanchard (25 March 1778 – 6 July 1819), commonly referred to as Madame Blanchard and also known by many combinations of her maiden and married names, including Madeleine-Sophie Blanchard, Marie Madeleine-Sophie Blanchard, Marie Sophie Armant and Madeleine-Sophie Armant Blanchard, was a French aeronaut and the wife of ballooning pioneer Jean-Pierre Blanchard. Blanchard was the first woman to work as a professional balloonist, and after her husband's death she continued ballooning, making more than 60 ascents. Known throughout Europe for her ballooning exploits, Blanchard entertained Napoleon Bonaparte, who promoted her to the role of "Aeronaut of the Official Festivals", replacing André-Jacques Garnerin. On the restoration of the monarchy in 1814 she performed for Louis XVIII, who named her "Official Aeronaut of the Restoration". Ballooning was a risky business for the pioneers. Blanchard lost consciousness on a few occasions, endured freezing temperatures and almost d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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