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List Of Things Named After Lord Kelvin
William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin was a prolific scientific scholar who gave his name to several things. Science and engineering *The SI unit of temperature, kelvin * Kelvin, a unit of measure for color temperature * Kelvin balance * Joule–Thomson effect **Joule–Thomson (Kelvin) coefficient *Kelvin's circulation theorem *Kelvin–Helmholtz instability *Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism ** Kelvin–Helmholtz luminosity * Kelvin-Helmholtz time scale * Kelvin–Planck statement of the 2nd law of thermodynamics * Kelvin–Varley divider * Kelvin's balls * Kelvin bridge * Kelvin effect, see either Thomson effect or Kelvin equation *Kelvin equation *Kelvin–Voigt material, also: **Kelvin material ** Kelvin solid * Kelvin notation *Kelvin probe force microscope *Kelvin sensing *Kelvin water dropper *Kelvin wave *Thomson bridge, see Kelvin bridge *Thomson effect, Thomson–Seebeck effect: see Thermoelectric effect * Kelvin Gold Medal, British engineering prize named after Lord Kelvin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin
William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, (26 June 182417 December 1907) was a British mathematician, mathematical physicist and engineer born in Belfast. Professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of Glasgow for 53 years, he did important work in the mathematical analysis of electricity and formulation of the first and second laws of thermodynamics, and did much to unify the emerging discipline of physics in its contemporary form. He received the Royal Society's Copley Medal in 1883, was its president 1890–1895, and in 1892 was the first British scientist to be elevated to the House of Lords. Absolute temperatures are stated in units of kelvin in his honour. While the existence of a coldest possible temperature ( absolute zero) was known prior to his work, Kelvin is known for determining its correct value as approximately −273.15 degrees Celsius or −459.67 degrees Fahrenheit. The Joule–Thomson effect is also named in his honour. He worked closely with mathematics ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kelvin–Voigt Material
A Kelvin-Voigt material, also called a Voigt material, is the most simple model viscoelastic material showing typical rubbery properties. It is purely elastic on long timescales (slow deformation), but shows additional resistance to fast deformation. It is named after the British physicist and engineer Lord Kelvin and German physicist Woldemar Voigt. Definition The Kelvin-Voigt model, also called the Voigt model, is represented by a purely viscous damper and purely elastic spring connected in parallel as shown in the picture. If, instead, we connect these two elements in series we get a model of a Maxwell material. Since the two components of the model are arranged in parallel, the strains in each component are identical: : \varepsilon_\text = \varepsilon_S = \varepsilon_D. where the subscript D indicates the stress-strain in the damper and the subscript S indicates the stress-strain in the spring. Similarly, the total stress will be the sum of the stress in each component: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kelvin Wake Pattern
Wake or The Wake may refer to: Culture *Wake (ceremony), a ritual which takes place during some funeral ceremonies *Wakes week, an English holiday tradition * Parish Wake, another name of the Welsh ', the fairs held on the local parish's patron saint's annual feast Entertainment Film, television, and audio * ''Wake'' (2009 film), an independent film * ''Wake'' (cancelled film), a cancelled American action thriller film * "Wake" (''The Secret Circle''), a television episode * ''The Wake'' (1986 film), a Canadian drama film * ''The Wake'' (2005 film), a Greek film * ''The Wake'' (audio drama), a ''Doctor Who'' related audio drama Literature * ''Wake'' (McMann novel), 2008 * ''Wake'' (Sawyer novel), 2009 * ''Wake'' (comics), a French comic created by Morvan and Buchet * ''The Wake'' (novel), 2014, by Paul Kingsnorth *'' The Sandman: The Wake'', a 1995 graphic novel Games *''Alan Wake'', a 2010 video game * Crasher Wake, a Gym Leader in the Pokémon video games Music * ''Wake'' (o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rayleigh's Equation (fluid Dynamics)
In fluid dynamics, Rayleigh's equation or Rayleigh stability equation is a linear ordinary differential equation to study the hydrodynamic stability of a parallel, incompressible and inviscid shear flow. The equation is: :(U-c) (\varphi'' - k^2 \varphi) - U'' \varphi=0, with U(z) the flow velocity of the steady base flow whose stability is to be studied and z is the cross-stream direction (i.e. perpendicular to the flow direction). Further \varphi(z) is the complex valued amplitude of the infinitesimal streamfunction perturbations applied to the base flow, k is the wavenumber of the perturbations and c is the phase speed with which the perturbations propagate in the flow direction. The prime denotes differentiation with respect to z. Background The equation is named after Lord Rayleigh, who introduced it in 1880. The Orr–Sommerfeld equation – introduced later, for the study of stability of parallel viscous flow – reduces to Rayleigh's equation when the viscosity is zero. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kelvin Medal And Prize
The Institute of Physics awards numerous prizes to acknowledge contributions to physics research, education and applications. It also offers smaller specific subject-group prizes, such as for PhD thesis submissions. Bilateral awards * The Max Born Medal and Prize is awarded yearly by the German Physical Society and the Institute of Physics in memory of the German physicist Max Born. The prize recognizes "outstanding contributions to physics" and is awarded to physicists based in Germany and in the UK or Ireland in alternate years. * The Fernand Holweck Medal and Prize is awarded jointly by the French and British Physical Societies for distinguished work in any aspect of physics that is ongoing or has been carried out within the 10 years preceding the award. * The Harrie Massey Medal and Prize is awarded biennially jointly by the Institute of Physics and by The Australian Institute of Physics. * The Giuseppe Occhialini Medal and Prize is awarded to physicists in alternating years ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kelvin Gold Medal
The Kelvin Gold Medal is a British engineering prize. In the annual report for 1914, it was reported that the Lord Kelvin Memorial Executive Committee decided that the balance of funds left over from providing a memorial window at Westminster Abbey should be devoted to provide a Kelvin Gold Medal to mark "a distinction in engineering work or investigation" by the Presidents of eight leading British Engineering Institutions. There was a delay in awarding the first medal, due to the World War. The medal has been given triennially since 1920 for "distinguished service in the application of science to engineering". The prize is administered by the Institution of Civil Engineers (Great Britain). The Committee of Presidents considers recommendations received from similar bodies from all parts of the world. The first recipient was William Unwin William Cawthorne Unwin FRS (12 December 1838 – 17 March 1933)''Evening Standard Obituary'' 18 March 1933. was a British civil and m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermoelectric Effect
The thermoelectric effect is the direct conversion of temperature differences to electric voltage and vice versa via a thermocouple. A thermoelectric device creates a voltage when there is a different temperature on each side. Conversely, when a voltage is applied to it, heat is transferred from one side to the other, creating a temperature difference. At the atomic scale, an applied temperature gradient causes charge carriers in the material to diffuse from the hot side to the cold side. This effect can be used to generate electricity, measure temperature or change the temperature of objects. Because the direction of heating and cooling is affected by the applied voltage, thermoelectric devices can be used as temperature controllers. The term "thermoelectric effect" encompasses three separately identified effects: the Seebeck effect, Peltier effect, and Thomson effect. The Seebeck and Peltier effects are different manifestations of the same physical process; textbooks may re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seebeck Effect
The thermoelectric effect is the direct conversion of temperature differences to electric voltage and vice versa via a thermocouple. A thermoelectric device creates a voltage when there is a different temperature on each side. Conversely, when a voltage is applied to it, heat is transferred from one side to the other, creating a temperature difference. At the atomic scale, an applied temperature gradient causes charge carriers in the material to diffuse from the hot side to the cold side. This effect can be used to generate electricity, measure temperature or change the temperature of objects. Because the direction of heating and cooling is affected by the applied voltage, thermoelectric devices can be used as temperature controllers. The term "thermoelectric effect" encompasses three separately identified effects: the Seebeck effect, Peltier effect, and Thomson effect. The Seebeck and Peltier effects are different manifestations of the same physical process; textbooks may re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kelvin Wave
A Kelvin wave is a wave in the ocean or atmosphere that balances the Earth's Coriolis force against a topographic boundary such as a coastline, or a waveguide such as the equator. A feature of a Kelvin wave is that it is non-dispersive, i.e., the phase speed of the wave crests is equal to the group speed of the wave energy for all frequencies. This means that it retains its shape as it moves in the alongshore direction over time. A Kelvin wave (fluid dynamics) is also a long scale perturbation mode of a vortex in superfluid dynamics; in terms of the meteorological or oceanographical derivation, one may assume that the meridional velocity component vanishes (i.e. there is no flow in the north–south direction, thus making the momentum and continuity equations much simpler). This wave is named after the discoverer, Lord Kelvin (1879). Coastal Kelvin wave In a stratified ocean of mean depth ''H'', perturbed by some amount ''η'', free waves propagate along coastal boundaries (and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kelvin Water Dropper
The Kelvin water dropper, invented by Scottish scientist William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) in 1867, is a type of electrostatic generator. Kelvin referred to the device as his water-dropping condenser. The apparatus is variously called the Kelvin hydroelectric generator, the Kelvin electrostatic generator, or Lord Kelvin's thunderstorm. The device uses falling water to generate voltage differences by electrostatic induction occurring between interconnected, oppositely charged systems. This eventually leads to an electric arc discharging in the form of a spark. It is used in physics education to demonstrate the principles of electrostatics. Description A typical setup is shown in Fig. 1. A reservoir of water or other conducting liquid ''(top, grey)'' is connected to two hoses that release two falling streams of drops, which land in two buckets or containers ''(bottom, blue and red)''. Each stream passes (without touching) through a metal ring or open cylinder which is electricall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kelvin Sensing
Four-terminal sensing (4T sensing), 4-wire sensing, or 4-point probes method is an electrical impedance measuring technique that uses separate pairs of electric current, current-carrying and voltage-sensing electrodes to make more accurate measurements than the simpler and more usual ohmmeter, two-terminal (2T) sensing. Four-terminal sensing is used in some ohmmeters and LCR meter, impedance analyzers, and in wiring for strain gauges and resistance thermometers. Four-point probes are also used to measure sheet resistance of thin films (particularly semiconductor thin films). Separation of current and voltage electrodes eliminates the lead and contact resistance from the measurement. This is an advantage for precise measurement of low resistance values. For example, an LCR meter, LCR bridge instruction manual recommends the four-terminal technique for accurate measurement of resistance below 100 ohms.Manual for the Racal-Dana Databridge 9343M: "If the resistance value is low, less ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kelvin Probe Force Microscope
Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), also known as surface potential microscopy, is a noncontact variant of atomic force microscopy (AFM). By raster scanning in the x,y plane the work function of the sample can be locally mapped for correlation with sample features. When there is little or no magnification, this approach can be described as using a scanning Kelvin probe (SKP). These techniques are predominantly used to measure corrosion and coatings. With KPFM, the work function of surfaces can be observed at atomic or molecular scales. The work function relates to many surface phenomena, including catalytic activity, reconstruction of surfaces, doping and band-bending of semiconductors, charge trapping in dielectrics and corrosion. The map of the work function produced by KPFM gives information about the composition and electronic state of the local structures on the surface of a solid. History The SKP technique is based on parallel plate capacitor experiments performed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
