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List Of Pre-modern Iranian Scientists And Scholars
The following is a non-comprehensive list of Iranian scientists, engineers, and scholars who lived from antiquity up until the beginning of the modern age. For the modern era, see List of contemporary Iranian scientists, scholars, and engineers. For mathematicians of any era, see List of Iranian mathematicians. (A person may appear on two lists, e.g. Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin.) A * Abdul Qadir Gilani (12th century) theologian and philosopher * Abu al-Qasim Muqane'i (10th century) physician * Abu Dawood (c. 817–889), Islamic scholar * Abu Hanifa (699–767), Islamic scholar * Abu Said Gorgani (10th century) * 'Adud al-Dawla (936–983), scientific patron * Ahmad ibn Farrokh (12th century), physician * Ahmad ibn 'Imad al-Din (11th century), physician and chemist * Alavi Shirazi (1670–1747), royal physician to Mughal Empire of South Asia * Amuli, Muhammad ibn Mahmud (c. 1300–1352), physician * Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin (900–971), mathematician and astronomer * Ansari, K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Aqa-Kermani
Muhammad Aqa-Kermani ( fa, محمد آغاكرمانى ), also written Aqkirmani, was an 18th-century Persian physician from Kerman, Iran. Little is known of Muhammad Aqkirmani's life except that he was active around the year 1747. He is known by an encyclopedia that is preserved today, as well as three other treatises, all of a lexigraphical or encyclopedic nature. For his compositions, other than the medical one mentioned above, see: * Carl Brockelmann, ''Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur'', 1st edition, 2 vols. (Leiden: Brill, 1889–1936). Second edition, 2 vols. (Leiden: Brill, 1943–49). Page references will be to those of the first edition, with the 2nd edition page numbers given in parentheses. vol. 2, p. 454 (604). * Carl Brockelmann, ''Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur'', Supplement, 3 vols. (Leiden: Brill, 1937–1942). vol. 2, p. 674 no. 7. Sources See also *List of Iranian scientists The following is a non-comprehensive list of Iranian scien ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bahāʾ Al-dīn Al-ʿĀmilī
Bahāʾ al‐Dīn Muḥammad ibn Ḥusayn al‐ʿĀmilī (also known as Sheikh Baha'i, fa, شیخ بهایی) (18 February 1547 – 1 September 1621) was an Iranian ArabEncyclopedia of Arabic Literature'. Taylor & Francis; 1998. . p. 85. Shia Islamic scholar, philosopher, architect, mathematician, astronomer, and poet who lived in the late 16th and early 17th centuries in Safavid Iran. He was born in Baalbek, Ottoman Syria (present-day Lebanon) but immigrated in his childhood to Safavid Iran with the rest of his family. He was one of the earliest astronomers in the Islamic world to suggest the possibility of the Earth's movement prior to the spread of the Copernican theory. He is considered one of the main co-founders of Isfahan School of Islamic Philosophy. In later years he became one of the teachers of Mulla Sadra. He wrote over 100 treatises and books in different topics, in Arabic and Persian. A number of architectural and engineering designs are attributed to him ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Baghawi
Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥusayn ibn Masʻūd ibn Muḥammad al-Farrā' al-Baghawī (Persian/Arabic:ابو محمد حسین بن مسعود بغوی), born 1041 or 1044 (433 AH or 436 AH) died 1122 (516 AH) was a renowned Persian Muslim mufassir, hadith scholar, and Shafi‘i faqih, best known for his major work '' Maʻālim at-Tanzīl''. ''Al-Farra'' is a reference to trading with fur, and ''al-Baghawī'' is a reference to his hometown Bagh or Baghshûr (then in Khorasan) between Herat (Afghanistan) and Marw al-Rudh. He died in Marw al-Rudh. He is also famous for his other works on hadith such as Sharh as-Sunnah and Masabih as-Sunnah ''Masabih al-Sunnah'' is a collection of hadith by the Persian Shafi'i scholar Abu Muhammad al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud ibn Mubammad al-Farra' al-Baghawi, from sometime before 516 H. An improved version of this work, Mishkat al-Masabih, has additiona ..., the latter became famous as Mishkah al-Masabih with the additions of at-Tabrizi (d. 741H). He wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bahmanyār
Abu al-Hasan (or Abu al-Husayn) Bahmanyar ibn al-Marzuban, better simply known as Bahmanyar ( fa, بهمنیار; died 1066) was an Iranian scholar, who is mainly known as one of the most prominent pupils of Avicenna (d. 1037). Background Bahmanyar was from a Zoroastrian family, reportedly from Azerbaijan in northern Iran. His father may have been the Bavandid prince al-Marzuban, who ruled in Mazandaran in the late 10th-century, and was the author of the '' Marzban-nama''. Bahmanyar's knowledge of Arabic was not perfect. Life Little is known of Bahmanyar's life. He most likely started his studies in philosophy along with Abu al-Qasim al-Kirmani in the Buyid city of Ray in northern Iran. There they both became involved in the administration, while they read Avicenna works. Bahmanyar was possibly part of the Buyid court in Ray through family ties with the Bavandid princess Sayyida Shirin, her husband Fakhr al-Dawla () and son Majd al-Dawla (), both Buyid rulers of Ray. Bahma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brethren Of Purity
The Brethren of Purity ( ar, إخوان الصفا, Ikhwān Al-Ṣafā; also The Brethren of Sincerity) were a secret society of Muslim philosophers in Basra, Iraq, in the 9th or 10th century CE. The structure of the organization and the identities of its members have never been clear."Having been hidden within the cloak of secrecy from its very inception, the ''Rasa'il'' have provided many points of contention and have been a constant source of dispute among both Muslim and Western scholars. The identification of the authors, or possibly one author, the place and time of writing and propagation of their works, the nature of the secret brotherhood, the outer manifestation of which comprises the ''Rasa'il'' – these and many secondary questions have remained without answer." pg 25, Nasr (1964) Their esoteric teachings and philosophy are expounded in an epistolary style in the '' Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity'' (''Rasa'il Ikhwan al-safa), a giant compendium of 52 epist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Al-Hasan Al-Ahwazi
Abu al-Hasan al-Ahvazi ( fa, ابوالحسن اهوازی) was a Persian mathematician and astronomer of the 4th AH/10th CE and 5th AH/11th (CE) centuries. His name suggests that he was originally from Ahvaz. Al-Biruni mentioned his name several times in his works, which indicates that his works were important. Ahvazi himself, mentioned Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn Husayn Khazin ( fa, ابوجعفر خازن خراسانی; 900–971), also called Al-Khazin, was an Iranian Muslim astronomer and mathematician from Khorasan. He worked on both astronomy and number theory. Al-Khazin was ... in one of his books. Since Al-Khazin died in 360 AH (c. 982 CE), it can be concluded that the final years of Ahvazi's life was contemporaneous to Biruni's childhood. The only surviving work of Ahvazi is a book named ''Sharh al-maqala al-ashira min kitab uqlidus''. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Abu al-Hasan al-Ahwazi 11th-century Iranian mathematicians 10th-century Iranian m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Al-Hassan Al-Amiri
Abu al-Hassan Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Amiri ( ar, أبو الحسن محمد ابن يوسف العامري) (died 992) was a Muslim theologian and philosopher of Arabian origin, who attempted to reconcile philosophy with religion, and Sufism with conventional Islam. While al-'Amiri believed the revealed truths of Islam were superior to the logical conclusions of philosophy, he argued that the two did not contradict each other. Al-'Amiri consistently sought to find areas of agreement and synthesis between disparate Islamic sects. However, he believed Islam to be morally superior to other religions, notably Zoroastrianism and Manicheism. Al-Amiri was the most prominent Muslim philosopher following the tradition of Kindi in Islamic Philosophy. He was contemporary of Ibn Miskawayh and his friend, and lived in a half century between Al-Farabi and Ibn Sina. He was a polymath who wrote on "...logic, physics, psychology, metaphysics, ethics, biology and medicine, different religions, Sufism ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn Abi Al-Ashʿath
Ibn Abi al-Ashʿath ( ar, أحمد بن محمد بن محمد بن أبي الأشعث; died 975 CE) was a Persian physician of medieval Islam. He wrote many commentaries on Galen's works. He died in Mosul, Iraq. Physiology Ahmad ibn Abi al-Ash'ath described the physiology of the stomach in a live lion in his book ''al-Quadi wa al-muqtadi''. He wrote:When food enters the stomach, especially when it is plentiful, the stomach dilates and its layers get stretched...onlookers thought the stomach was rather small, so I proceeded to pour jug after jug in its throat…the inner layer of the distended stomach became as smooth as the external peritoneal layer. I then cut open the stomach and let the water out. The stomach shrank and I could see the pylorus…Ahmad ibn Abi al-Ash'ath observed the physiology of the stomach in a live lion in 959. This description preceded William Beaumont William Beaumont (November 21, 1785 – April 25, 1853) was a surgeon in the U.S. Army who became k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albubather
Abu Bakr al-Hassan ibn al-Khasib, also al-Khaseb, Albubather in Latin, was a Persian physician and astrologer of the 9th century. He wrote in Persian and Arabic and is best known for his work ''De nativitatibus'' which was translated into Latin by Canonicus Salio in Padua 1218, and was also translated into Hebrew; the book had many reprints till 1540. Works * See also *List of Iranian scientists References Sources * ''Al-fihrist'' by Ibn al-Nadim Abū al-Faraj Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Nadīm ( ar, ابو الفرج محمد بن إسحاق النديم), also ibn Abī Ya'qūb Isḥāq ibn Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Warrāq, and commonly known by the ''nasab'' (patronymic) Ibn al-Nadīm ..., p. 276 and Commentary, p. 131. * H. Suter : Die Mathematiker und Astronomen der Araber (32, 1900) * Nachtrage (162, 1902) * Encyclopedia of Islam, II, 274, 1916. Year of birth unknown 9th-century deaths 9th-century Iranian physicians Medieval Iranian astrologers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Aufi
Sadīd ud-Dīn Muhammad Ibn Muhammad 'Aufī Bukhārī (1171-1242) ( fa, سدید الدین محمد عوفی), also known under the laqab Nour ud-Dīn, was a Persian historian, philologist, and author. Biography Born in Bukhara, Aufi claimed descent from Abd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAwf (d. 654) a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He grew up during the apex of the Islamic Golden Age and spent many years traveling, exploring, and lecturing to the common folk and the royalty alike in Delhi, Khorasan, Khwarezm, Samarkand, Merv, Nishapur, Sistan and Ghaznin. Apparently Aufi was for some time in the service of the Qarakhanid Uthman ibn Ibrahim who placed him in charge of his correspondence (dīvān-e ensha). Aufi left Samarkand before 1204. Later he spent most of his time at the court of the Ghurids. He dedicated his first grand work ''Lubab ul-Albab'', which consisted of poems by kings and poets of ancient times, to Amir Nāsiruddīn Qobājeh (ناصرالدین قباجه) (d. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Ali Astarabadi
Husayn ibn Muhammad ibn Ali al-Astarabadi was a 15th-century Persian physician from Astarabad, Golestan, Persia. page : 267 : "Hussain al-Astarabadi of Golestan, Persia, wrote a commentary on Jaghmini's Qanunshah" In 1427, he wrote his well-known commentary on Jaghmini's summary of '' |
