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List Of Pineapple Diseases ...
This article is a list of diseases of pineapples (''Ananas comosus''). Bacterial diseases Bacterial diseases (fruit) Fungal diseases Fungal diseases (fruit) Nematodes, parasitic Virus and viruslike diseases Miscellaneous diseases or disorders (fruit) {, class="wikitable" style="clear" ! colspan=2, Fruit diseases or disorders (miscellaneous) , - , Internal browning , , Physiological (chill injury) , - , Radial brown stripe , , Physiological , - , Triad rot , , Unknown , - , Y-center rot , , Unknown , - , Woody fruit , , Genetic , - See also * List of foliage plant diseases (Bromeliaceae) ReferencesCommon Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society Pineapple Disease Pineapple The pineapple (''Ananas comosus'') is a tropical plant with an edible fruit; it is the most economically significant plant in the family Bromeliaceae. The pineapple is indigenous to South America, where it has been cultivated for many centuri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pineapple
The pineapple (''Ananas comosus'') is a tropical plant with an edible fruit; it is the most economically significant plant in the family Bromeliaceae. The pineapple is indigenous to South America, where it has been cultivated for many centuries. The introduction of the pineapple to Europe in the 17th century made it a significant cultural icon of luxury. Since the 1820s, pineapple has been commercially grown in greenhouses and many tropical plantations. Pineapples grow as a small shrub; the individual flowers of the unpollinated plant fuse to form a multiple fruit. The plant is normally propagated from the offset produced at the top of the fruit, or from a side shoot, and typically matures within a year. Botany The pineapple is a herbaceous perennial, which grows to tall, although sometimes it can be taller. The plant has a short, stocky stem with tough, waxy leaves. When creating its fruit, it usually produces up to 200 flowers, although some large-fruited cultivars can ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fusarium Subglutinans
''Fusarium subglutinans'' is a fungal plant pathogen. Taxonomy ''Fusarium subglutinans'' is the anamorph of ''Gibberella fujikuroi''. Fusarium strains in the ''Gibberella fujikuroi'' species complex cause diseases in a number of economically important plants. DNA sequencing data reveals the presence of two major groups representing cryptic species in ''F. subglutinans''. These were further divided into groups that appeared to be reproductively isolated in the environment which suggests that they are undergoing separation into distinct taxa. One such divergent group is ''Fusarium subglutinans f. sp. pini'' which causes pitch canker of pine trees. It is a synonym of ''Fusarium circinatum''. Other members of the complex and their host plants are: *''Fusarium moniliforme'' - Maize *''Fusarium oxysporum'' - Pine *''Fusarium proliferatum ''Fusarium proliferatum'' is a fungal A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus
Transmission and lifespan TSWV, which is transmitted by thrips, causes serious losses in economically important crops and it is one of the most economically devastating plant viruses in the world. The circulative propagative transmission of TSWV is carried out by at least ten different species of thrips. The most common species is ''Frankliniella occidentalis'' (western flower thrips) as it is the vector that predominantly transmits TSWV globally and in greenhouses. The rapid developmental and reproductive rate of the thrips contributes to the spread of TSWV. The amount of time it takes for insects to acquire the virus (acquisition period) and the amount of time it takes for the virus to move from the insect to the plant (inoculation) for TSWV varies depends on the vector species. For ''Frankliniella occidentalis'', the acquisition and inoculation of TSWV can be as short as 5 minutes. However, the acquisition and inoculation periods for optimal transmission is 21.3 hours and 42 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helicotylenchus
''Helicotylenchus'' is a genus of nematodes in the family Hoplolaimidae. They are known generally as spiral nematodes.O'Bannon, J. H. and R. N. Inserra''Helicotylenchus'' species as crop damaging parasitic nematodes.Nematology Circular 165. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. 1989. They are found worldwide because they can live and survive in a wide range of habitats.Subbotin, S. A., et al. (2011)Diversity and phylogenetic relationships within the spiral nematodes of ''Helicotylenchus'' Steiner, 1945 (Tylenchida: Hoplolaimidae) as inferred from analysis of the D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA gene sequences.''Nematology'' 13(3), 333-45. They are among the most common parasitic nematodes of plants; found in corn, bananas, grass, soybeans. Description The female is wormlike and straight or spiral-shaped. The male is similar, but with a smaller anterior end. The body may take a spiral shape after death, if not in life. This ''habitus mortis'' gives the nemato ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meloidogyne Javanica
''Meloidogyne javanica'' is a species of plant-pathogenic nematodes. It is one of the tropical root-knot nematodes and a major agricultural pest in many countries. It has many hosts. ''Meloidogyne javanica'' reproduces by obligatory mitotic parthenogenesis (apomixis). Hosts ''Meloidogyne javanica'' is a nematode pathogen that affects over 770 species of plants (Cabi 2018). The hosts of this pathogen include both weeds and crops of economic importance. Those of economic importance include tea, grapevine, vegetables, fruit trees, cereals, and ornamentals (Cabi 2018). ''Meloidogyne javanica'' is considered an agricultural pest, as it is extremely abundant and damaging (Alford 2012). Symptoms Because there are so many different hosts for this pathogen, the symptoms are very variable. Common symptoms include abnormal leaf color, abnormal leaf form, wilting leaves, galls, swollen roots, reduced root system, dwarfing and senescence (Cabi 2018). This pathogen does the most damage w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rotylenchulus Reniformis
''Rotylenchulus reniformis'', the reniform nematode, is a species of parasitic nematode of plants with a worldwide distribution in the tropical and subtropical regions.Ferris, H''Rotylenchulus reniformis''.Nemaplex. Department of Nematology. University of California, Davis. 2012. Taxonomy This nematode has a wide host range, infecting many species of plants around the world. It was first observed on the roots of cowpea in Hawaii, and was described as new species and new genus in 1940.Robinson, A. F., et al. 1997''Rotylenchulus'' species: identification, distribution, host ranges, and crop plant resistance.''Nematropica'' 27(2), 127-80. Its specific epithet, ''reniformis'', was inspired by the kidney shape of the adult female. There are now ten species classified in the genus, but ''R. reniformis'' is the only species of major economic importance to agriculture. Distribution and host range ''R. reniformis'' has been reported from thousands of localities in the Americas, Afri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paratylenchus Elachistus
''Paratylenchus elachistus'' is a plant pathogenic nematode infecting pineapples. References External links Tylenchida Fruit diseases Agricultural pest nematodes {{plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pratylenchus Brachyurus
''Pratylenchus brachyurus'' is a plant parasitic nematode. Introduction ''Pratylenchus brachyurus'', like many other plant-parasitic nematodes, are microscopic worms that can be damaging to many agricultural crops. Across the world, many billions of dollars each year are lost due to the damaging abilities of nematodes on cash crops. ''P. brachyurus'' is a migratory endoparasite that enters the roots and moves throughout the root tissue while completing its life cycle. History Under the old classification system based on morphology, these nematodes were under the Class Adenophorea. This changed in 2004 when a new classification system was presented by De Ley and Blaxter using SSU rDNA for comparison between different species of nematodes. Using this new system, De Ley and Blaxter placed ''P. brachyurus'' in the Class Chromadorea, Order Rhabditida. In 1929 Godfrey first described ''P. brachyurus'' as the main cause for pineapple-root disease and called them ''Tylenchus brachy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhizopus Stolonifer
''Rhizopus stolonifer'' is commonly known as white bread mold. It is a member of ''Zygomycota'' and considered the most important species in the genus ''Rhizopus''. It is one of the most common fungi in the world and has a global distribution although it is most commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions. It is a common agent of decomposition of stored foods. Like other members of the genus ''Rhizopus'', ''R. stolonifer'' grows rapidly, mostly in indoor environments. History This fungus was first discovered by the German scientist Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg in 1818 as ''Rhizopus nigricans''. The name was changed in 1902 to ''Rhizopus stolonifer'' by the French mycologist J. P. Vuillemin. Habitat and ecology ''Rhizopus stolonifer'' is a worldwide distributed species. It is found on all types of mouldy materials. It is often one of the first molds to appear on stale bread. It can exist in the soil as well as in the air. A variety of natural substrata are colonized b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhizopus Oryzae
''Rhizopus oryzae'' is a filamentous heterothallic microfungus that occurs as a saprotroph in soil, dung, and rotting vegetation. This species is very similar to ''Rhizopus stolonifer'', but it can be distinguished by its smaller sporangia and air-dispersed sporangiospores. It differs from '' R. oligosporus'' and '' R. microsporus'' by its larger columellae and sporangiospores. The many strains of ''R. oryzae'' produce a wide range of enzymes such as carbohydrate digesting enzymes and polymers along with a number of organic acids, ethanol and esters giving it useful properties within the food industries, bio-diesel production, and pharmaceutical industries. It is also an opportunistic pathogen of humans causing mucormycosis. History and taxonomy ''Rhizopus oryzae'' was discovered by Frits Went and Hendrik Coenraad Prinsen Geerligs in 1895. The genus ''Rhizopus'' (family ''Mucoraceae'') was erected in 1821 by the German mycologist, Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg to accommodate ''M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nigrospora Sphaerica
''Nigrospora sphaerica'' is an airborne filamentous fungus in the phylum Ascomycota. It is found in soil, air, and plants as a leaf pathogen. It can occur as an endophyte where it produces antiviral and antifungal secondary metabolites. Sporulation of ''N. sphaerica'' causes its initial white coloured colonies to rapidly turn black. ''N. sphaerica'' is often confused with the closely related species ''N. oryzae'' due to their morphological similarities. History ''N. sphaerica'' was first identified by E. W. Mason in 1927. In 1913, S. F. Ashby and E. F. Shepherd isolated fungal cultures from banana plants and sugarcane, respectively, which were classified under the genus ''Nigrospora'' due to its morphology. Mason studied these cultures and noticed the persistent appearance of two distinct mean spore sizes. The persistence of the division in spore size led to the classification, by Mason, of the larger spore isolates as ''N. sphaerica'', and the smaller isolates as ''N. oryzae''. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
