List Of Mammals Of Italy

picture info	List Of Mammals Of Italy There are 102 mammal species in Italy, of which one is critically endangered, two are endangered, nine are vulnerable, and four are near threatened. One of the species listed for Italy is considered to be extinct. The following tags are used to highlight each species' IUCN Red List status as published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature: Order: Rodentia (rodents) Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Suborder: Hystricognathi Family: Hystricidae (Old World porcupines) Genus: '' Hystrix'' *Crested porcupine, ''H. cristata'' Suborder: Sciurognathi Family: Sciuridae (squirrels) Subfamily: Sciurinae *Tribe: Sciurini *Genus: ''Sciurus'' **Calabrian black squirrel, ''S. meridionalis'' ** Red squirrel, ''S. vulgaris'' Subfamily: Xerinae *Tribe: Marmotini *Genus: '' Marmo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Mammal Mammals () are a group of vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia (), characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur or hair, and three middle ear bones. These characteristics distinguish them from reptiles (including birds) from which they diverged in the Carboniferous, over 300 million years ago. Around 6,400 extant species of mammals have been described divided into 29 orders. The largest orders, in terms of number of species, are the rodents, bats, and Eulipotyphla ( hedgehogs, moles, shrews, and others). The next three are the Primates (including humans, apes, monkeys, and others), the Artiodactyla (cetaceans and even-toed ungulates), and the Carnivora ( cats, dogs, seals, and others). In terms of cladistics, which reflects evolutionary history, mammals are the only living members of the Synapsida (synapsids); this clade, toget ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Hystrix (porcupine) ''Hystrix'' is a genus of porcupines containing most of the Old World porcupines. Fossils belonging to the genus date back to the late Miocene of Africa. Hystrix (from Ancient Greek ὕστριξ (hústrix, “porcupine”)) was given name by the 18th century Swedish botanist, Carl Linnaeus. Species * Genus ''Hystrix'' Subgenus ''Thecurus'' '' Hystrix crassispinis'' - thick-spined porcupine ''Hystrix pumila'' - Philippine porcupine '' Hystrix sumatrae'' - Sumatran porcupine Subgenus ''Acanthion'' '' Hystrix brachyura'' - Malayan porcupine or Himalayan crestless porcupine ''Hystrix javanica'' - Sunda porcupine Subgenus ''Hystrix'' '' Hystrix africaeaustralis'' - Cape porcupine '' Hystrix cristata'' - crested porcupine *'' Hystrix indica'' - Indian crested porcupine Fossil species †''Hystrix arayanensis'' - Late Miocene †''Hystrix depereti'' - Pliocene †''Hystrix paukensis'' - Late Miocene-Pliocene †''Hystrix primigenia'' - Late Miocene-Pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Alpine Marmot The alpine marmot (''Marmota marmota'') is a large ground-dwelling squirrel, from the genus of marmots. It is found in high numbers in mountainous areas of central and southern Europe, at heights between in the Alps, Carpathians, Tatras and Northern Apennines. In 1948 they were reintroduced with success in the Pyrenees, where the alpine marmot had disappeared at end of the Pleistocene epoch. Evolution The alpine marmot originates as an animal of Pleistocene cold steppe, exquisitely adapted to this ice-age climate. As such, alpine marmots are excellent diggers, able to penetrate soil that even a pickaxe would have difficulty with, and spend up to nine months per year in hibernation. Since the disappearance of the Pleistocene cold steppe, the alpine marmot persists in the high altitude alpine meadow. During the colonisation of Alpine habitat, the alpine marmot has lost most of its genetic diversity through a bottleneck effect. It could not rebuild its genetic diversity ever ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Xerinae The Xerinae comprise a subfamily of squirrels, many of which are highly terrestrial. It includes the tribes Marmotini (marmots, chipmunks, prairie dogs, and other Holarctic ground squirrels), Xerini (African and some Eurasian ground squirrels), and Protoxerini (African tree squirrels).Thorington, R. W. and R. S. Hoffmann (2005). "Family Sciuridae". pp. 754–818 in Wilson, E. D. and Reeder, D. M. (eds.), Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference', Vol. 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. Taxonomy Tribe Xerini six species of ground squirrels in five genera, occurring in Africa and Asia. :'' Atlantoxerus'' :'' Euxerus'' :'' Geosciurus'' :'' Spermophilopsis'' :'' Xerus'' Tribe Protoxerini thirty species of tree squirrels in six genera, occurring in Africa. :'' Epixerus'' :'' Funisciurus'' :'' Heliosciurus'' :'' Myosciurus'' :'' Paraxerus'' :'' Protoxerus'' Tribe Marmotini ground squirrels in fifteen genera, occurring world wide. Includes the prai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Red Squirrel The red squirrel (''Sciurus vulgaris'') is a species of tree squirrel in the genus ''Sciurus'' common throughout Europe and Asia. The red squirrel is an arboreal, primarily herbivorous rodent. In Great Britain, Ireland, and in Italy numbers have decreased drastically in recent years. This decline is associated with the introduction by humans of the eastern grey squirrel (''Sciurus carolinensis'') from North America. However, the population in Scotland is stabilising due to conservation efforts, awareness and the increasing population of the pine marten, a European predator that selectively controls grey squirrels. Description The red squirrel has a typical head-and-body length of , a tail length of , and a mass of . Males and females are the same size. The red squirrel is somewhat smaller than the eastern grey squirrel which has a head-and-body length of and weighs between . The long tail helps the squirrel to balance and steer when jumping from tree to tree and run ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Calabrian Black Squirrel The Calabrian black squirrel (''Sciurus meridionalis'') is a species of tree squirrel in the genus ''Sciurus'', endemic to the forests of the regions of Calabria and Basilicata, in the south of the Italian Peninsula. Taxonomy It has long been considered a subspecies of the red squirrel (''Sciurus vulgaris''), but studies published in 2009–2017 revealed that it is unique in both genetics and appearance, leading to its recognition as a distinct species. Description The Calabrian black squirrel is an arboreal animal that generally resembles the red squirrel in its behavior. Unlike the highly variable red squirrel, the Calabrian black squirrel is monomorphic (not variable in appearance), being very dark brown to blackish with contrasting white underparts. Compared to red squirrels of northern Italy, the Calabrian black squirrel is also significantly larger, weighing or on average about 35% more. Habitat The Calabrian black squirrel lives in mixed forests in highlands, and its n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Sciurus The genus ''Sciurus'' contains most of the common, bushy-tailed squirrels in North America, Europe, temperate Asia, Central America and South America. Species The number of species in the genus is subject to change. In 2005, Thorington & Hoffman- whose taxonomic interpretation is followed by the IUCN website- accepted 28 species in the genus: Genus ''Sciurus'' Subgenus ''Sciurus'' Allen's squirrel, ''Sciurus alleni'' Arizona gray squirrel, ''Sciurus arizonensis'' * Mexican gray squirrel, ''Sciurus aureogaster'' Eastern gray squirrel, ''Sciurus carolinensis'' Collie's squirrel, ''Sciurus colliaei'' Deppe's squirrel, ''Sciurus deppei'' Japanese squirrel, ''Sciurus lis'' Calabrian black squirrel, ''Sciurus meridionalis'' Mexican fox squirrel, ''Sciurus nayaritensis'' Fox squirrel, ''Sciurus niger'' Peters's squirrel, ''Sciurus oculatus'' Variegated squirrel, ''Sciurus variegatoides'' Eurasian red squirrel, ''Sciurus vulgaris'' Yucatan squirrel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Sciurini Sciurini is a tribe that includes about forty species of squirrels,Thorington and Hoffmann, 2005, p. 754 mostly from the Americas. It includes five living genera—the American dwarf squirrels, '' Microsciurus''; the Bornean '' Rheithrosciurus''; the widespread American and Eurasian tree squirrels of the genus ''Sciurus'', which includes some of the best known squirrel species; the Central American '' Syntheosciurus''; and the American pine squirrels, ''Tamiasciurus''. Like other arboreal squirrels, they are sometimes referred to as tree squirrels. Taxonomy The name "Sciurini" was first employed by Hermann Burmeister in 1854, who used it for the entire squirrel family. In his influential 1945 classification of mammals, George Gaylord Simpson included four genera of squirrels in Sciurini, which he recognized as one of eight tribes within the subfamily Sciurinae (including all squirrels except the flying squirrels): ''Sciurus'', '' Syntheosciurus'', '' Microsciurus'', and ''Sciu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Sciurinae Sciurinae is a subfamily of squirrels (in the family Sciuridae), uniting the flying squirrels with certain related tree squirrels. Older sources place the flying squirrels in a separate subfamily (Pteromyinae) and unite all remaining sciurids into the subfamily Sciurinae, but this has been strongly refuted by genetic studies. Classification Subfamily SciurinaeThorington, R. W. and R. S. Hoffmann. 2005. Family Sciuridae. pp 754–818 in Mammal Species of the World A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. walker's mammals of the world 5th edition Volume 1 Tribe Sciurini Genus '' Microsciurus'' – American dwarf squirrels Central American dwarf squirrel, ''M. alfari'' Amazon dwarf squirrel, ''M. flaviventer'' Western dwarf squirrel, ''M. mimulus'' * Santander dwarf squirrel, ''M. santanderensis'' Genus '' Rheithrosciurus'' * Tufted ground squirrel, ''R. macrotis'' Genus ''Sciurus'' Subgenus ''Sciurus'' *Allen's sq ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]