List Of Least Concern Invertebrates
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List Of Least Concern Invertebrates
As of July 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists 6919 Least-concern species, least concern invertebrate species. 38% of all evaluated invertebrate species are listed as least concern. The IUCN also lists 32 invertebrate subspecies as least concern. No subpopulations of invertebrates have been evaluated by the IUCN. This is a complete list of least concern invertebrate species and subspecies as evaluated by the IUCN. Nemertina, Nemertea species *''Argonemertes hillii'' Mollusca, Molluscs There are 2437 mollusc species and five mollusc subspecies assessed as least concern. Cnidaria There are 301 species in the phylum Cnidaria assessed as least concern. Hydrozoa Anthozoa There are 293 species in the class Anthozoa assessed as least concern. Actinaria *Condylactis aurantiaca, Golden anemone (''Condylactis aurantiaca'') *Cribrinopsis crassa, Fat anemone (''Cribrinopsis crassa'') Alcyonacea *''Clavularia crassa'' Scleractinia There are 290 spec ...
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Anthozoa
Anthozoa is a subphylum of marine invertebrates which includes the sea anemones, Scleractinia, stony corals and Alcyonacea, soft corals. Adult anthozoans are almost all attached to the seabed, while their larvae can disperse as part of the plankton. The basic unit of the adult is the polyp (zoology), polyp; this consists of a cylindrical column topped by a disc with a central mouth surrounded by tentacles. Sea anemones are mostly solitary, but the majority of corals are Colony (biology), colonial, being formed by the budding of new polyps from an original, founding individual. Colonies are strengthened by calcium carbonate and other materials and take various massive, plate-like, bushy or leafy forms. Anthozoa is included within the phylum Cnidaria, which also includes the jellyfish, Box jellyfish, box jellies and parasitic Myxozoa and Polypodiozoa. The two main subclasses of Anthozoa are the Hexacorallia, members of which have six-fold symmetry in biology, symmetry and includes ...
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Acroporidae
Acroporidae is a family of small polyped stony corals in the phylum Cnidaria. The name is derived from the Greek ''"akron"'' meaning "summit" and refers to the presence of a corallite at the tip of each branch of coral. They are commonly known as staghorn corals and are grown in aquaria by reef hobbyists. Description Staghorn corals are the dominant group of reef builders. They come in many shapes and sizes and can be highly variable in colour and form, even within the same species. Most are either a branching variant or a wall/ table top variant shaped and some are encrusting. Encrusting means they grow over rock structure. the Their colours vary between browns, whites, pinks, blues, yellows, greens and purple, depending not only on species but also on the growing conditions. Identification is difficult and requires close examination of the corallites and a biochemical and genetic analysis. There is a corallite at the tip of each branch and, with the exception of ''Astreopora ...
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Turbinaria Irregularis
''Turbinaria irregularis'', commonly known as disc coral, is a species of colonial stony coral in the family Dendrophylliidae. It is native to the Indo-Pacific region and is rated as a least-concern species. It is a zooxanthellate coral that houses symbiont dinoflagellates in its tissues. It was described by Bernard in 1896 and is found at depths of in shallow rocky areas and reefs. Description This colonial species is found as irregular encrusting plates and has non-uniform corllites. Its uniform coenosteum is smooth, and the species is mainly dark brown in colour; the colour can be blotched. It has a similar appearance to '' Turbinaria stellulata''. ''T. irregularis'' is a zooxanthellate coral that houses symbiont dinoflagellates in its tissues. Distribution This species has a very wide range and is common in all parts of the range except the Indian Ocean. It seems to be more resilient to some of the threats facing corals and the International Union for Conservation of Natu ...
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Turbinaria Frondens
''Turbinaria frondens'', commonly known as disc coral, is a species of colonial stony coral in the family Dendrophylliidae. It is native to the Indo-Pacific region. It is a zooxanthellate coral that houses symbiont dinoflagellates in its tissues. This is a common species throughout its wide range and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being of "least concern". Description Colonies of ''Turbinaria frondens'' are variable and may be massive, encrusting, cup-shaped, foliaceous or columnar. They are initially cup-shaped and develop lobes and fronds, either upright or horizontal, often irregularly contorted. The lobes are one-sided with corallites only on one surface. The corallites are cone-shaped, about in diameter. They protrude on convex surfaces but are immersed and crowded close together on concave surfaces. This coral is usually dark brown, greenish-brown or grey. The colonies can grow to a width of about one metre. Dist ...
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Turbinaria Conspicua
''Turbinaria conspicua'', commonly known as Disc coral, is a species of colonial a stony coral in the family Dendrophylliidae. Found abundant in the eastern Indian Ocean and the western Pacific region, including Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and northern Australia. It is a zooxanthellaa coral that houses symbiont dinoflagellates in its tissues. It was studied by Bernard in 1896 and he rated it as a least concern species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Description It is a colonial stony coral where its colonies contain bifacial fronds in small diameters. Immersed in them are small corallites and its colour is commonly cream or pale brown. It is a zooxanthellate rare coral that houses symbiont dinoflagellates in its tissues. Distribution and conservation Actual population of the species is unknown but are considered to be decreasing, this is likely due to the rapid global reduction of coral reefs, the increase of temperature causing coral bleaching, c ...
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Heteropsammia Cochlea
''Heteropsammia cochlea'', also known as walking dendro, is a species of small solitary coral in the family Dendrophylliidae that is native to the Indo-Pacific area. Description This small solitary free-living coral, not more than 2.5 cm across, is not fixed to the sea floor. It is composed of one or two corallites in the shape of a figure of eight when observed from top, making it easy to identify. The base in contact with the bottom is relatively circular, depending on the nature of the substrate it is either flat or slightly keeled. The base has an orifice that houses a commensal worm belonging to the family Aspidosiphonidae.LEON Virginie, PROUZET Anne, SCAPS Patrick, MITEL Cédric, in : DORIS, 21/3/2014 : Aspidosiphon muelleri Diesing, 1851, http://doris.ffessm.fr/fiche2.asp?fiche_numero=589 The overall color is yellowish, grayish or greenish. The polyp tentacles can be seen deployed, especially at night. Distribution & habitat The walking dendro is widespread througho ...
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Balanophyllia Europaea
''Balanophyllia europaea'', called also scarlet coral or pig-tooth coral, is a small species of stony coral in the family Dendrophylliidae Dendrophylliidae is a family of stony corals. Most (but not all) members are azooxanthellate and thus have to capture food with their tentacles instead of relying on photosynthesis to produce their food. The World Register of Marine Species incl .... Description Pig-tooth corals are solitary hard corals with an oval shape. They grow to 4 to 6 cm in diameter and 2 cm in height. The body colour goes from light brown to green-brown, the polyp has almost transparent beaded tentacles which can have some red to yellow spots due to the presence of symbiotic micro-algae. Distribution & habitat This small madrepore is only found in the Mediterranean Sea. It likes shallow and bright underwater area and usually fixed itself on hard substrate like rocks, shells or other hard materials as deep as 50 m. Biology This species likes shallow pla ...
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Dendrophylliidae
Dendrophylliidae is a family of stony corals. Most (but not all) members are azooxanthellate and thus have to capture food with their tentacles instead of relying on photosynthesis to produce their food. The World Register of Marine Species includes these genera in the family: * '' Astroides'' Quoy & Gaimard, 1827 * ''Balanophyllia'' Wood, 1844 * '' Balanopsammia'' Ocana & Brito, 2013 * '' Bathypsammia'' Marenzeller, 1907 * '' Cladopsammia'' Lacaze-Duthiers, 1897 * '' Dendrophyllia'' de Blainville, 1830 * '' Dichopsammia'' Song, 1994 * '' Duncanopsammia'' Wells, 1936 * '' Eguchipsammia'' Cairns, 1994 * ''Enallopsammia'' Sismonda, 1871 * '' Endopachys'' Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 * '' Endopsammia'' Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 * ''Heteropsammia ''Heteropsammia'' is a genus of apozooxanthellate corals that belong to the family Dendrophylliidae. Anatomy These corals consist of free-living, single polyps, of a diameter of around 2.5 cm. They form a symbiotic relationship w ...
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Scleractinia
Scleractinia, also called stony corals or hard corals, are marine animals in the phylum Cnidaria that build themselves a hard skeleton. The individual animals are known as polyp (zoology), polyps and have a cylindrical body crowned by an oral disc in which a mouth is fringed with tentacles. Although some species are solitary, most are Colony (biology), colonial. The founding polyp settles and starts to secrete calcium carbonate to protect its soft body. Solitary corals can be as much as across but in colonial species the polyps are usually only a few millimetres in diameter. These polyps reproduce asexually by budding, but remain attached to each other, forming a multi-polyp colony of cloning, clones with a common skeleton, which may be up to several metres in diameter or height according to species. The shape and appearance of each coral colony depends not only on the species, but also on its location, depth, the amount of water movement and other factors. Many shallow-water co ...
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Clavularia Crassa
''Clavularia crassa'' is a species of colonial soft coral in the family Clavulariidae. It is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. It was first described in 1848 by the French zoologist Henri Milne-Edwards from a specimen collected off the coast of Algeria. Description ''Clavularia crassa'' forms small colonies of up to about fifty individual polyps growing from a stolon. This grows along the surface of the substrate and it, and the bases of the polyps, are orangish-brown. Each polyp is up to long and wide. The column is slender and creamy-white and the eight long, feathery tentacles are either transparent white, or colourless flecked with white. The oral surface is stiffened by calcareous sclerites. Other soft corals with which this species might be confused include '' Cornularia cornucopiae'' and '' Sarcodictyon catenatum''. ''C. cornucopiae'' has shorter polyps and narrower stolons, and its tissues does not contain sclerites. ''S. catenatum'' h ...
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Alcyonacea
Alcyonacea, or soft corals, are an order of corals. In addition to the fleshy soft corals, the order Alcyonacea now contains all species previously known as "gorgonian corals", that produce a more or less hard skeleton, though quite different from "true" corals (Scleractinia). These can be found in suborders Holaxonia, Scleraxonia, and Stolonifera. They are sessile colonial cnidarians that are found throughout the oceans of the world, especially in the deep sea, polar waters, tropics and subtropics. Common names for subsets of this order are sea fans and sea whips; others are similar to the sea pens of related order Pennatulacea. Individual tiny polyps form colonies that are normally erect, flattened, branching, and reminiscent of a fan. Others may be whiplike, bushy, or even encrusting. A colony can be several feet high and across, but only a few inches thick. They may be brightly coloured, often purple, red, or yellow. Photosynthetic gorgonians can be successfully kept in c ...
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