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List Of Human Spaceflights, 1991–2000
This is a detailed list of human spaceflights from 1991 to 2000, including the continuation of Russian space station Mir and the American Space Shuttle program, and the first flights to the International Space Station (ISS). The Soviet Union broke up at the end of 1991. From this date onwards the former USSR constituent republics are shown as separate nationalities. See also *List of human spaceflight programs *List of human spaceflights * List of human spaceflights, 1961–1970 * List of human spaceflights, 1971–1980 * List of human spaceflights, 1981–1990 * List of human spaceflights, 2001–2010 * List of human spaceflights, 2011–2020 * List of human spaceflights, 2021–present ReferencesVostok and Voskhod flight history [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Space Shuttle
The Space Shuttle is a retired, partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated from 1981 to 2011 by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as part of the Space Shuttle program. Its official program name was Space Transportation System (STS), taken from a 1969 plan for a system of reusable spacecraft where it was the only item funded for development. The first ( STS-1) of four orbital test flights occurred in 1981, leading to operational flights (STS-5) beginning in 1982. Five complete Space Shuttle orbiter vehicles were built and flown on a total of 135 missions from 1981 to 2011. They launched from the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida. Operational missions launched numerous satellites, interplanetary probes, and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), conducted science experiments in orbit, participated in the Shuttle-''Mir'' program with Russia, and participated in construction and servicing of the International Space Station (ISS). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Space Shuttle Discovery
Space Shuttle ''Discovery'' (Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-103) is one of the orbiters from NASA's Space Shuttle program and the third of five fully operational orbiters to be built. Its first mission, STS-41-D, flew from August 30 to September 5, 1984. Over 27 years of service it launched and landed 39 times, aggregating more spaceflights than any other spacecraft to date. The Space Shuttle launch vehicle has three main components: the Space Shuttle orbiter, a single-use central fuel tank, and two reusable solid rocket boosters. Nearly 25,000 heat-resistant tiles cover the orbiter to protect it from high temperatures on re-entry. ''Discovery'' became the third operational orbiter to enter service, preceded by '' Columbia'' and '' Challenger''. It embarked on its final mission, STS-133, on February 24, 2011, and touched down for the last time at Kennedy Space Center on March 9, having spent a cumulative total of nearly a full year in space. ''Discovery'' performed both ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
STS-40
STS-40, the eleventh launch of Space Shuttle ''Columbia'', was a nine-day mission in June 1991. It carried the Spacelab module for Spacelab Life Sciences 1 (SLS-1), the fifth Spacelab mission and the first dedicated solely to biology. STS-40 was the first spaceflight that included three women crew members. Crew Backup crew Crew seating arrangements Mission highlights Launch originally set for May 22, 1991. Mission postponed less than 48 hours before launch when it became known that a leaking liquid hydrogen transducer in orbiter main propulsion system which was removed and replaced during leak testing in 1990, had failed an analysis by vendor. Engineers feared that one or more of the nine liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen transducers protruding into fuel and oxidizer lines could break off and be ingested by the engine turbopumps, causing engine failure. In addition, one of orbiter five general purpose computers failed completely, along with one of the multiple ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Millie Hughes-Fulford
Millie Elizabeth Hughes-Fulford ( Hughes; December 21, 1945 – February 2, 2021) was an American medical investigator, molecular biologist, and NASA payload specialist who flew aboard the NASA Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' in June 1991. Early life Millie Elizabeth Hughes was born in Mineral Wells, Texas on December 21, 1945. She graduated from Mineral Wells High School in 1962, then entered college at the age of 16 and earned her Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry and biology from Tarleton State University in 1968. She then began her graduate work studying plasma chemistry at Texas Woman's University as a National Science Foundation Graduate Fellow from 1968 to 1971 and earned her Ph.D. in 1972. From 1971 to 1972, she was also both an American Association of University Women Fellow and a MacArthur Foundation Fellow. Career After earning her doctorate degree in 1972, Dr. Hughes-Fulford applied to roughly 100 jobs in academia, from which she received four replies. This r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tamara E
__NOTOC__ Tamara may refer to: People * Tamara (name), including a list of people with this name * Tamara (Spanish singer) (born 1984) * Tamara, stage name of Spanish singer Yurena (born 1969) * Tamara, stage name of Macedonian singer Tamara Todevska (born 1985) * Tamara or Tamar of Georgia (1160s–1213, ruled 1184–1213) * Tamara (''Hollyoaks''), a fictional character in the British soap opera ''Hollyoaks'' Artistic works * ''Tamara'' (2005 film), a Canadian-American horror film * ''Tamara'' (2016 French film), a French-Belgian comedy film * ''Tamara'' (2016 Venezuelan film), a Venezuelan drama film * ''Tamara'' (play), Canadian stage play * Tamara (Lermontov), short poem by Mikhail Lermontov (1841) about Tamar of Georgia * Tamara (Balakirev), symphonic poem by Mily Balakirev inspired by verse of Lermontov (1867–1882) * , ballet by Michel Fokine and Léon Bakst to Balakirev's music (Ballets Russes, 1912) Other * 326 Tamara, a main belt asteroid * Tamara passive se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James P
James is a common English language surname and given name: *James (name), the typically masculine first name James * James (surname), various people with the last name James James or James City may also refer to: People * King James (other), various kings named James * Saint James (other) * James (musician) * James, brother of Jesus Places Canada * James Bay, a large body of water * James, Ontario United Kingdom * James College, York, James College, a college of the University of York United States * James, Georgia, an unincorporated community * James, Iowa, an unincorporated community * James City, North Carolina * James City County, Virginia ** James City (Virginia Company) ** James City Shire * James City, Pennsylvania * St. James City, Florida Arts, entertainment, and media * James (2005 film), ''James'' (2005 film), a Bollywood film * James (2008 film), ''James'' (2008 film), an Irish short film * James (2022 film), ''James'' (2022 film), an Indian Kannada ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sidney M
Sidney may refer to: People * Sidney (surname), English surname * Sidney (given name), including a list of people with the given name * Sidney (footballer, born 1972), full name Sidney da Silva Souza, Brazilian football defensive midfielder * Sidney (footballer, born 1979), full name Sidney Santos de Brito, Brazilian football defender Characters *Sidney Prescott, main character from the ''Scream'' horror trilogy * Sidney (''Ice Age''), a ground sloth in the ''Ice Age'' film series * Sidney (''Pokémon''), a character of the ''Pokémon'' universe *Sidney, one of ''The Bash Street Kids'' * Sidney Jenkins, a character in the British teenage drama '' Skins'' *Sidney Hever, Edward's fireman from ''The Railway Series'' and the TV series ''Thomas and Friends'' *Sidney, a diesel engine from the TV series ''Thomas and Friends'' *Sidney Freedman, a recurring character in the TV series ''M*A*S*H'' Places Canada *Sidney, British Columbia *Sidney, Manitoba United Kingdom *Sidney Sussex C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bryan D
Bryan may refer to: Places United States * Bryan, Arkansas * Bryan, Kentucky * Bryan, Ohio * Bryan, Texas * Bryan, Wyoming, a ghost town in Sweetwater County in the U.S. state of Wyoming * Bryan Township (other) Facilities and structures * Bryan House (other) * Bryan Boulevard, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA; a limited access highway * Bryan Museum, Galveston, Texas, USA; a museum * Bryan Tower, Dallas, Texas, USA; an office tower skyscraper People *Bryan (given name), list of people with this name *Bryan (surname), list of people with this name * Justice Bryan (other), judges named Bryan * Baron Bryan, a baronial title of Plantagenet England Other uses * Bryan University, Tempe, Arizona, USA; a for-profit private university See also * * * "Bryan, Bryan, Bryan, Bryan", a 1919 poem by Vachel Lindsay * Bryan Inc. (2015 TV series) construction and renovation TV series starring Bryan Baeumler * Bryan, Brown & Company, a footwear company * Bryan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soyuz TM-13
Soyuz TM-13 was the 13th expedition to Mir space station. Lasting from October 1991 to March 1992, the mission included cosmonauts from Austria and the soon-to-be independent region of Kazakhstan, as the Soviet Union collapsed in December 1991. The launch ceremony at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Baikonur, Kazakh SSR was attended by the Soviet Premier Ivan Silaev, the President of the Kazakh SSR Nursultan Nazarbayev, and the Chancellor of Austria Franz Vranitzky. Before the launch, for the first time, President Nazarbayev received the launch report from cosmonaut Tokhtar Aubakirov in the Kazakh language. Crew Mission highlights Soyuz-TM 13 carried commander Alexander Volkov along with Austrian cosmonaut-researcher Franz Viehböck and Soviet-Kazakh cosmonaut-researcher Toktar Aubakirov. The flight was unusual for carrying no flight engineer. Veteran Russian cosmonaut Alexandr Volkov commanded. The Austrians paid $7 million to fly Viehböck to Mir, and the Kazakh cosmonaut fl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sergei Krikalev
Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev (russian: Сергей Константинович Крикалёв, also transliterated as Sergei Krikalyov; born 27 August 1958) is a Russian mechanical engineer, former cosmonaut and former head of the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center. As a prominent rocket scientist, he is a veteran of six space flights and ranks third to Gennady Padalka and Yuri Malenchenko for the most time spent in space: a total of 803 days, 9 hours, and 39 minutes. Krikalev was stranded on board the Mir during the dissolution of the Soviet Union. As the country that had sent him into space no longer existed, his return was delayed and he stayed in space for 311 consecutive days, twice as long as the mission had originally called for. He retired as a cosmonaut in 2007 and was working as vice president of Space Corporation Energia. From 2009 to 2014, he headed the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center. Biography Krikalev was born in Leningrad in the Soviet Uni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatoli Artsebarsky
Anatoly Pavlovich Artsebarsky ( uk, Анатолій Павлович Арцебарський, russian: Анатолий Павлович Арцебарский; born 9 September 1956) is a former Soviet cosmonaut. He became a cosmonaut in 1985. Artsebarsky spent almost five months in space on a single spaceflight. In 1991, he flew aboard Soyuz TM-12 and docked with the Mir Space Station. Artsebarsky and Sergei Krikalev stayed aboard Mir while the rest of the crew flew back to Earth after eight days. Artsebarsky took six spacewalks during the Mir EO-9 mission. He spent over 33 hours walking in space. During his stay, Artsebarsky constructed a space tower for use with a control module. Artsebarsky and Krikalev were almost stuck at the station. They were in orbit during the Soviet coup attempt of 1991. For several days, the political situation seriously jeopardised their position. Awards * Hero of the Soviet Union * Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR * Order of Lenin * Medal "For M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soyuz TM-11
Soyuz TM-11 was the eleventh expedition to the Russian Space Station Mir, using a Soyuz-TM crew transport vessel. The mission notably carried a Japanese television reporter from Tokyo Broadcasting System Television, Tokyo Broadcasting System.The mission report is available here: http://www.spacefacts.de/mission/english/soyuz-tm11.htm Crew Mission highlights Soyuz TM-11 was the 11th expedition to Mir, which spent 175 days docked to the space station. Coincidentally it was launched on the same day as STS-35. As the mission carried Toyohiro Akiyama, a reporter for the Japanese television network Tokyo Broadcasting System Television, Tokyo Broadcasting System, the spacecraft's launch shroud and its Soyuz booster were painted with the Japanese flag and Space advertising, advertisements for Sony, Unicharm, and Otsuka Pharmaceutical. A camera inside the descent module filmed the cosmonauts during ascent for Akiyama's network. Viktor Afanaseyev, Musa Manarov (on his second Mir visit) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
