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List Of Cuneiform Signs
Cuneiform is one of the earliest systems of writing, emerging in Sumer in the late fourth millennium BC. The signs in the following list are ordered by their 2004 Borger number (MesZL). Archaic versions of cuneiform writing, including the Ur III (and earlier, ED III cuneiform of literature such as The Barton Cylinder) are not included due to extreme complexity of arranging them consistently and unequivocally by the shape of their signs;Bendt Alster, "On the Earliest Sumerian Literary Tradition," ''Journal of Cuneiform Studies'' 28 (1976) 109-126/ref> see Early Dynastic Cuneiform for the Unicode block. The columns within the list contain: #MesZL: The sign numbers of Rykle Borger's ''Mesopotamisches Zeichenlexikon'' (2004); #ŠL/HA: The Deimel Numbers from ''Šumerisches Lexikon'' (ŠL), completed and accommodated in Ellermeier and Studt's ''Handbuch Assur'' (HA); #aBZL: The numbers of Mittermayer's ''Altbabylonische Zeichenliste der sumerisch-literarischen Texte'' (2006); #HethZL' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cuneiform
Cuneiform is a logo-syllabic script that was used to write several languages of the Ancient Middle East. The script was in active use from the early Bronze Age until the beginning of the Common Era. It is named for the characteristic wedge-shaped impressions (Latin: ) which form its signs. Cuneiform was originally developed to write the Sumerian language of southern Mesopotamia (modern Iraq). Cuneiform is the earliest known writing system. Over the course of its history, cuneiform was adapted to write a number of languages in addition to Sumerian. Akkadian texts are attested from the 24th century BC onward and make up the bulk of the cuneiform record. Akkadian cuneiform was itself adapted to write the Hittite language in the early second millennium BC. The other languages with significant cuneiform corpora are Eblaite, Elamite, Hurrian, Luwian, and Urartian. The Old Persian and Ugaritic alphabets feature cuneiform-style signs; however, they are unrelated to the cuneiform lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unicode Cuneiform
In Unicode, the Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform script is covered in three blocks in the Supplementary Multilingual Plane (SMP): * U+12000–U+123FF Cuneiform * U+12400–U+1247F Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation * U+12480–U+1254F Early Dynastic Cuneiform The sample glyphs in the chart file published by the Unicode Consortium show the characters in their Classical Sumerian form ( Early Dynastic period, mid 3rd millennium BCE). The characters as written during the 2nd and 1st millennia BCE, the era during which the vast majority of cuneiform texts were written, are considered font variants of the same characters. Character inventory and ordering The final proposal for Unicode encoding of the script was submitted by two cuneiform scholars working with an experienced Unicode proposal writer in June 2004. The base character inventory is derived from the list of Ur III signs compiled by the Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative of UCLA based on the inventories of Miguel Civi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KI (earth)
''Ki'' was the earth goddess in Sumerian religion, chief consort of the sky god An. In some legends Ki and An were brother and sister, being the offspring of Anshar ("Sky Pivot") and Kishar ("Earth Pivot"), earlier personifications of heaven and earth. By her consort Anu (also known as Anunna), Ki gave birth to Anunnaki, the most prominent of these deities being Enlil, god of the air. According to legends, heaven and earth were once inseparable until Enlil was born; Enlil cleaved heaven and earth in two. An carried away heaven. Ki, in company with Enlil, took the earth. Ki marries her son, Enlil, and from this union all the plant and animal life on earth is produced. Some authorities question whether Ki was regarded as a deity since there is no evidence of a cult and the name appears only in a limited number of Sumerian creation texts. Samuel Noah Kramer identifies Ki with the Sumerian mother goddess Ninhursag and claims that they were originally the same figure. She later de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glossenkeil
The ''Winkelhaken'' (, "angular hook"), also simply called a hook, is one of five basic wedge elements appearing in the composition of signs in Akkadian cuneiform. It was realized by pressing the point of the stylus into the clay. A single Winkelhaken corresponds to the sign (Borger 1981 nr. 411, Borger 2003 nr. 661), encoded in Unicode at code point U+1230B . other signs consisting of Winkelhaken: *A ''Glossenkeil'' (Borger nr. 378) is a cuneiform character, consisting of either two Winkelhaken (U+12471 ), or of two parallel short diagonal wedges (U+12472 , similar to GAM), Borger 2003 nr. 592, which serves as a sort of punctuation, as it were as quote sign Quotation marks (also known as quotes, quote marks, speech marks, inverted commas, or talking marks) are punctuation marks used in pairs in various writing systems to set off direct speech, a quotation, or a phrase. The pair consists of an ..., marking foreign words or names, or as separation mark, transliterated as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agade
Akkad (; or Agade, Akkadian: , also URI KI in Sumerian during the Ur III period) was the name of a Mesopotamian city. Akkad was the capital of the Akkadian Empire, which was the dominant political force in Mesopotamia during a period of about 150 years in the last third of the 3rd millennium BC. Its location is unknown, although there are a number of candidate sites, mostly situated east of the Tigris, roughly between the modern cities of Samarra and Baghdad."Akkade may thus be one of the many large tells on the confluence of the Adheim River with the Tigris" (Sallaberger, and Westenholz 1999p. 32 Textual sources Before the decipherment of cuneiform in the 19th century, the city was known only from a single reference in where it is written (''ʾĂkăḏ''), rendered in the KJV as ''Accad''. The name appears in a list of the cities of Nimrod in Sumer ( Shinar). Walther Sallaberger and Westenholz (1999) cite 160 known mentions of the city in the extant cuneiform corpus, in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GAL (cuneiform)
GAL (Borger 2003 nr. 553; U+120F2 𒃲) is the Sumerian cuneiform for "great". See also * LÚ.GAL (King, i.e. ''Man–Great'') * DEREŠ.KI.GAL References Sumerian words and phrases Cuneiform determinatives Cuneiform signs {{Semitic-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
É (temple)
É (Cuneiform: ) is the Sumerian word or symbol for house or temple. The Sumerian term É.GAL (𒂍𒃲,"palace", literally "big house") denoted a city's main building. É.LUGAL (𒂍𒈗,"king's house") was used synonymously. In the texts of Lagash, the É.GAL is the center of the ensi's administration of the city, and the site of the city archives. Sumerian É.GAL is the probable etymology of Semitic words for "palace, temple", such as Hebrew היכל ''heikhal'',''The New Brown-Driver-Briggs-Gesenius Hebrew-English Lexicon'' by Francis Brown et al. (), p. 228 and Arabic هيكل ''haykal''. It has thus been speculated that the word É originated from something akin to *hai or *ˀai, especially since the cuneiform sign È is used for /a/ in Eblaite. The term TEMEN (𒋼) appearing frequently after É in names of ziggurats is translated as "foundation pegs", apparently the first step in the construction process of a house; compare, for example, verses 551–561 of the account ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LUGAL
Lugal ( Sumerian: ) is the Sumerian term for "king, ruler". Literally, the term means "big man." In Sumerian, ''lu'' "𒇽" is "man" and ''gal'' "𒃲" is "great," or "big." It was one of several Sumerian titles that a ruler of a city-state could bear (alongside '' en'' and '' ensi'', the exact difference being a subject of debate). The sign eventually became the predominant logograph for "King" in general. In the Sumerian language, ''lugal'' is used to mean an owner (e.g. of a boat or a field) or a head (of a unit such as a family). As a cuneiform logograph (Sumerogram) LUGAL (Unicode: 𒈗, rendered in Neo Assyrian). Cuneiform The cuneiform sign LUGAL 𒈗 (Borger nr. 151, Unicode U+12217) serves as a determinative in cuneiform texts ( Sumerian, Akkadian and Hittite), indicating that the following word is the name of a king. In Akkadian orthography, it may also be a syllabogram ''šàr'', acrophonically based on the Akkadian for "king", ''šarrum''. Unicode also includes the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
𒂗
En (Borger 2003 nr. 164 ; U+12097 𒂗, see also Ensí) is the Sumerian cuneiform for " lord" or " priest". Originally, it seems to have been used to designate a high priest or priestess of a Sumerian city-state's patron-deity – a position that entailed political power as well. It may also have been the original title of the ruler of Uruk. See ''Lugal, ensi and en'' for more details. Deities including En as part of their name include DEnlil, DEnki, DEngurun, and D Enzu. Enheduanna, Akkadian 2285 BC – 2250 BC was the first known holder of the title, "En Priestess." Archaic forms The corresponding Emesal dialect word was UMUN, which may preserve an archaic form of the word. Earlier Emeg̃ir (the standard dialect of Sumerian) forms can be postulated as ''*ewen'' or ''*emen'', eventually dropping the middle consonant and becoming the familiar EN. Amarna letters: bêlu The 1350 BC Amarna letters use EN for bêlu, though not exclusively. The more common spelling is most ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TI (cuneiform)
Cuneiform TI or TÌL (Borger 2003 nr. ; U+122FE 𒋾) has the main meaning of "life" when used ideographically. The written sign developed from the drawing of an arrow, since the words meaning "arrow" and "life" were pronounced similarly in the Sumerian language. With the determinative UZU 𒍜 "flesh, meat", UZUTI, it means "rib". This homophony is exploited in the myth of Ninti (𒊩𒌆𒋾 NIN.TI "lady of life" or "lady of the rib"), created by Ninhursag to cure the ailing Enki. Since Eve is called "mother of life" in Genesis, together with her being taken from Adam's ''tsela`'' "side, rib", the story of Adam and Eve has sometimes been considered to derive from that of Ninti. In Akkadian orthography, the sign has the syllabic values ''di'' or ''ṭi'', in Hittite ''ti'', ''di'' or ''te''. Amarna letters and Epic of Gilgamesh usage The twelve tablet (I-XII) Epic of Gilgamesh uses the ti sign as follows (Parpola): ti (387 times), and TI (the Sumerogram), (2 times). In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
URU (cuneiform Sign)
Uru or URU may refer to: Language * Uru dialect of Central Kilimanjaro, a Bantu language of Tanzania * Uru language, the extinct language of the Uros, an Amerindian people * Uru of Ch'imu, an extinct language of the Uros, an Amerindian people * Urumi language, an extinct language of the Amazon region of Brazil * URU (Sumerogram), a relatively distinctive sign in the cuneiform sign lists * Urú, the addition of a preceding letter to indicate eclipsis in the Irish language; see Places * Uruguay, a country in southeastern South America (ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code: URU) * Üru, a village in Saare County, Estonia * Uru, Iran, a village in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran * Uru, São Paulo, a city in Brazil * Uru Uru Lake, a lake south of the Bolivian town of Oruro * Uru Harbour Airport, an airport on Malaita, Solomon Islands * Uru River (Goiás), a river of central Brazil * Uru River (Maranhão), a river of northeastern Brazil * Uyu River, or Uru River, a river of Myan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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