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List Of Astronomers And Mathematicians Of The Kerala School
This is a list of astronomers and mathematicians of the Kerala school. The region surrounding the south-west coast of the Indian subcontinent, now politically organised as the Kerala State in India, has a long tradition of studies and investigations in all areas related to the branch of '' śāstra'' known as '' jyotiṣa''. This branch of '' śāstra'', in its broadest sense, incorporates several subdisciplines like mathematics, astronomy, astrology, horary astrology, etc. In Indian traditional ''jyotiṣa'' scholarship, there are no clear cut boundary lines separating these subdisciplines. Hence the list presented below includes all who would be called a '' jyotiṣa''-scholar in the Indian traditional sense. All these persons will be, most likely, well versed in the subdisciplines of mathematics and astronomy as well. The list is an adaptation of the list of mathematicians and astronomers compiled by K. V. Sarma. Sarma has referred to all of them as astronomers. K. V. Sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indian Subcontinent
The Indian subcontinent is a list of the physiographic regions of the world, physiographical region in United Nations geoscheme for Asia#Southern Asia, Southern Asia. It is situated on the Indian Plate, projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas. Geopolitically, it includes the countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka."Indian subcontinent". ''Oxford Dictionary of English, New Oxford Dictionary of English'' () New York: Oxford University Press, 2001; p. 929: "the part of Asia south of the Himalayas which forms a peninsula extending into the Indian Ocean, between the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. Historically forming the whole territory of Greater India, the region is now divided into three countries named Bangladesh, India and Pakistan." The terms ''Indian subcontinent'' and ''South Asia'' are often used interchangeably to denote the region, although the geopolitical term of South Asia frequently includes Afghanist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Current Science
''Current Science'' is an English-language peer-reviewed multidisciplinary scientific journal. It was established in 1932 and is published by the Current Science Association along with the Indian Academy of Sciences. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2018 impact factor of 0.756. ''Current Science'' is indexed by Web of Science, Current Contents, Geobase, Chemical Abstracts, IndMed and Scopus. The editor-in-chief An editor-in-chief (EIC), also known as lead editor or chief editor, is a publication's editorial leader who has final responsibility for its operations and policies. The highest-ranking editor of a publication may also be titled editor, managing ... is S. K. Satheesh of the Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru. Retrieved 4 February 2018 |
Astronomical Observatory
An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial, marine, or celestial events. Astronomy, climatology/meteorology, geophysical, oceanography and volcanology are examples of disciplines for which observatories have been constructed. Historically, observatories were as simple as containing an astronomical sextant (for measuring the distance between stars) or Stonehenge (which has some alignments on astronomical phenomena). Astronomical observatories Astronomical observatories are mainly divided into four categories: space-based, airborne, ground-based, and underground-based. Ground-based observatories Ground-based observatories, located on the surface of Earth, are used to make observations in the radio and visible light portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Most optical telescopes are housed within a dome or similar structure, to protect the delicate instruments from the elements. Telescope domes have a slit or other opening in the roof that can be opened during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Śaṅkaranārāyaṇa
Sankara Narayana (c. 840 – c. 900 AD) was an Indian astronomer-mathematician in the court of Ravi Kulasekhara (c. 844 – c. 883 AD) of the Chera Perumal kingdom of Kerala.Narayanan, M. G. S. ''Perumāḷs of Kerala.'' Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013. 78-79 and 390-91. He is best known as the author of ''Laghu Bhaskariya Vivarana'' or ''Vyakha'' (869/870 AD), a detailed commentary on treatise ''Laghu Bhaskariya'' by 7th century mathematician Bhaskara I (which in turn was based on the works of the 5th century polymath Aryabhata). Sankara Narayana is known to have established an astronomical observatory at the port of Kodungallur in central Kerala. ''Laghu Bhaskariya Vivarana'' (Chapter VII), produced in the court of king Ravi Kulasekhara at Kodungallur, explicitly states that it was composed in Saka Year 791 (=869/70 AD). It is also mentions that the year was the 25th regnal year of king Ravi Kulasekhara.Narayanan, M. G. S. ''Perumāḷs of Kerala.'' Thrissur (Kerala): ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Devācārya
Devācārya was an Indian astronomer hailing from Kerala, India who flourished during the second half of 7th century CE. He is the author of a ''karaņa'' text on astronomy titled ''Karaņaratna'' which deals with almost every aspect of planetary astronomy generally discussed in other Indian texts on astronomy. This work is important in the study of history of astronomy in India as it sheds valuable light on the methods used by the astronomers of South India, in the seventh century CE, in their astronomical computations. (in French) No personal information about ''Devācārya'' is known except that his father's name was Gojanma and that ''Devācārya'' was a great devotee of Viṣṇu, Ŝiva and Brahma. That he flourished during the second half of the seventh century CE is inferred from the fact the epoch (the date from which the planetary computations are to be commenced) specified in ''Karaņaratna'' is the first day of the year 611 Saka Era which corresponds to 26 February 6 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parahita
Parahita is a system of astronomy prevalent in Kerala and Tamil Nadu, India. It was introduced by the Kerala astronomer Haridatta, (c. 683 AD). Nilakantha Somayaji (1444–1544), in his ''Dr̥kkaraṇa'', relates how Parahita was created based on the combined observations of a group of scholars who had gathered for a festival at Tirunavay, Tirunāvāy on the banks of the Bharatappuzha, Bhāratappuzha River. The Sanskrit etymology literally means "for the benefit of the common man", and the intention was to simplify astronomical computations so that everyone could do it. Parahita is a significant step in the simplification of the siddhanta, siddhantic tradition. Of the two texts of the system, ''Grahacāranibandhana'' and ''Mahāmārganibandhana'', only the former is known. The system simplified the computational cycle of the Aryabhatiya by introducing a sub-aeon of 576 years and introduced a zero correction called ''Vāgbhāva'' based on which the system worked accurately ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haridatta
Haridatta (c. 683 CE) was an astronomer-mathematician of Kerala, India, who is believed to be the promulgator of the Parahita system of astronomical computations. This system of computations is widely popular in Kerala and Tamil Nadu. According to legends, Haridatta promulgated the Parahita system on the occasion of the ''Mamankam'' held in the year 683 CE.K. V. Sarma (1997), "Haridatta", Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, edited by Helaine Selin, Springer, . Mamankam was a 12-yearly festival held in Thirunnavaya on the banks of the Bharathapuzha river. The distinctive contribution of Haridatta, apart from his resolving the Aryabhatiya calculations and using the Katapayadi system of numerals is the corrections he introduced to the values of the mean and true positions, the velocity, etc., of the moon and other planets as obtained from Aryabhata's constants. This correction is called the '' Sakabda-samskara'' since it appli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Katapayadi System
''Kaṭapayādi'' system (Devanagari: कटपयादि, also known as ''Paralppēru'', Malayalam: പരല്പ്പേര്) of numerical notation is an ancient Indian alphasyllabic numeral system to depict letters to numerals for easy remembrance of numbers as words or verses. Assigning more than one letter to one numeral and nullifying certain other letters as valueless, this system provides the flexibility in forming meaningful words out of numbers which can be easily remembered. History The oldest available evidence of the use of ''Kaṭapayādi'' (Sanskrit: कटपयादि) system is from ''Grahacāraṇibandhana'' by Haridatta in 683 CE.Sreeramamula Rajeswara Sarma, THE ''KATAPAYADI'' SYSTEM OF NUMERICAL NOTATION AND ITS SPREAD OUTSIDE KERALA, ''Rev. d'Histoire de Mathmatique'' 18 (2012/ref> It has been used in ''Laghu·bhāskarīya·vivaraṇa'' written by '' Sankara Narayana, Śaṅkara·nārāyaṇa'' in 869 CE. Some argue that the system orig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chandravakyas
Chandravākyas () are a collection of numbers, arranged in the form of a list, related to the motion of the Moon in its orbit around the Earth. These numbers are couched in the katapayadi system of representation of numbers and so apparently appear like a list of words, or phrases or short sentences written in Sanskrit and hence the terminology ''Chandravākyas''. In Sanskrit, ''Chandra'' is the Moon and ''vākya'' means a sentence. The term ''Chandravākyas'' could thus be translated as Moon-sentences. (p.522) Vararuchi (c. 4th century CE), a legendary figure in the astronomical traditions of Kerala, is credited with the authorship of the collection of ''Chandravākyas''. These were routinely made use of for computations of native almanacs and for predicting the position of the Moon. The work ascribed to Vararuchi is also known as ''Chandravākyāni'', or ''Vararucivākyāni'', or ''Pañcāṅgavākyāni''. Madhava of Sangamagrama (c. 1350 – c. 1425), the founder of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vararuci
Vararuci (also transliterated as Vararuchi) () is a name associated with several literary and scientific texts in Sanskrit and also with various legends in several parts of India. This Vararuci is often identified with Kātyāyana. Kātyāyana is the author of Varttikakara, Vārtikās which is an elaboration of certain sūtrās (rules or aphorisms) in Pāṇini's much revered treatise on Sanskrit grammar titled Aṣṭādhyāyī. Kātyāyana is believed to have flourished in the 3rd century BCE. However, this identification of Vararuci with Kātyāyana has not been fully accepted by scholars. Vararuci is believed to be the author of ''Prākrita Prakāśa'', the oldest treatise on the grammar of ''Prakrit, Prākrit'' language. Vararuci's name appears in a verse listing the 'nine gems' (navaratnas) in the court of one Vikramaditya, Samrat Vikramaditya. Vararuci appears as a prominent character in Kathasaritsagara ("ocean of the streams of stories"), a famous 11th century collection of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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