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List Of Amphibians Of India
This is an index to the amphibians found in India. The amphibians of India show a high level of endemism. This list is based largely on Darrel Frost (2006) and includes common names from older books and journals. Order Anura Family Bufonidae * Ornate torrent toad, ''Ansonia ornata'' = ''Ghatophryne ornata'' (Günther, 1876) * Silent Valley torrent toad, ''Ansonia ornata'' = ''Ghatophryne rubigina'' (Pillai and Pattabiraman, 1981) * '' Bufo beddomii'' ( Günther, 1876) * '' Bufo brevirostris'' (Rao, 1937) * '' Bufo burmanus'' (Andersson, 1939) * '' Duttaphrynus cyphosus'' = ''Bufo cyphosus'' (Ye, 1977) * Himalayan toad, ''Duttaphrynus himalayanus'' (Günther, 1864) = ''Bufo himalayanus'' (Günther, 1864) * ''Bufo hololius'' (Günther, 1876) * '' Xanthophryne koynayensis'' (Soman, 1963) * ''Xanthophryne tigerina'' Biju, Bocxlaer, Giri, Loader and Bossuyt, 2009 * Ladakh toad, '' Pseudepidalea latastii'' Boulenger, 1882 = ''Bufo latastii'' * Common Indian toad, '' Duttaphrynus melan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphibian
Amphibians are tetrapod, four-limbed and ectothermic vertebrates of the Class (biology), class Amphibia. All living amphibians belong to the group Lissamphibia. They inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living within terrestrial animal, terrestrial, fossorial, arboreal or freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Thus amphibians typically start out as larvae living in water, but some species have developed behavioural adaptations to bypass this. The young generally undergo metamorphosis from larva with gills to an adult air-breathing form with lungs. Amphibians use their skin as a secondary respiratory surface and some small terrestrial salamanders and frogs lack lungs and rely entirely on their skin. They are superficially similar to reptiles like lizards but, along with mammals and birds, reptiles are amniotes and do not require water bodies in which to breed. With their complex reproductive needs and permeable skins, amphibians are often ecological indicators; in re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bufo Hololius
''Duttaphrynus hololius'', known as Günther's toad, Malabar toad, or rock toad, is an uncommon, rock-dwelling toad found in the Eastern Ghats and Deccan plateau of peninsular India. Description The crown of this toad lacks bony ridges and has a short, prominent snout. Its inter-orbital space as broad and the upper eyelid; tympanum very distinct, nearly as large as the eye and close to it. Fingers short, first extending a little beyond second; toes short, webbed at the base only; subarticular tubercles single, not very prominent; two small metatarsal tubercles; no tarsal fold. The tarso-metatarsal articulation reaches the eye. Skin smooth, the back with very flat, smooth, distinctly porous glandular patches; parotoids flat. Olive above, marbled with brown: beneath immaculate. From snout to vent about 2 inches. Distribution This toad is known from rocky hillocks and outcrops of Bangalore in Karnataka, Hosur, Gingee and Javadi Hills in Tamil Nadu, Chittoor, Nellore, Visakhapatnam a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bufo Stuarti
''Bufo stuarti'' is a species of toad found in Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical United Nations geoscheme for Asia#South-eastern Asia, south-eastern region of Asia, consistin .... Known only from northern Myanmar and northeastern India. The type locality is the Putao plains.IUCN, Conservation International, and NatureServe. 2004. Global Amphibian Assessment. . Accessed on 15 October 2004/ref> References Frogs of India Amphibians described in 1929 stuarti {{Bufonidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bufo Viridis
The European green toad (''Bufotes viridis'') is a species of toad found in steppes, mountainous areas, semi-deserts, urban areas and other habitats in mainland Europe, ranging from far eastern France and Denmark to the Balkans and Western Russia. As historically defined, the species ranged east through the Middle East and Central Asia to western China, Mongolia and northwestern India, and south through Italy and the Mediterranean islands to North Africa. Following genetic and morphological reviews, 14 population (all largely or entirely Asian, except for the African and Balearic green toads) are now regarded as separate species. These species and the European green toad are placed in their own genus ''Bufotes'', but they were included in ''Bufo''. Description The spots on the back vary from green to dark brown and sometimes red spots appear, too. The underside is white or very lightly coloured. The European green toad will change colour in response to heat and light changes. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bufo Stomaticus
''Duttaphrynus stomaticus'', also known as the Indian marbled toad, Punjab toad, Indus Valley toad, or marbled toad, is a species of toad found in Asia from eastern Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan to Nepal, extending into Peninsular India and Bangladesh. This toad lacks cranial Standard anatomical terms of location are used to unambiguously describe the anatomy of animals, including humans. The terms, typically derived from Latin or Greek roots, describe something in its standard anatomical position. This position pro ... crests and the space between the eyes is broader than the upper eyelid. The tympanum of the ear is two-thirds the diameter of the eye. The first and second fingers are nearly equal and there is a single sub-articular tubercle. A spiny ridge is found on the tarsus. There is a tibial gland and the parotoid is longer than broad. Three dark bands run transversely on the forearm. The underside is whitish with dark mottling on the throat. They are nocturnal, so d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bufo Silentvalleyensis
''Duttaphrynus silentvalleyensis'', also known as the Silent Valley toad or South Indian hill toad, is a species of toad endemic to Kerala, southern India. The type specimen was collected near or in the Silent Valley National Park Silent Valley National Park is a national park in Kerala, India. It is located in the Nilgiri hills, has a core area of , which is surrounded by a buffer zone of . This national park has some rare species of flora and fauna. This area was explo .... It may be a synonym of '' Duttaphrynus parietalis''. References silentvalleyensis Frogs of India Endemic fauna of the Western Ghats Fauna of Kerala Amphibians described in 1981 {{Bufonidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bufo Scaber
''Duttaphrynus scaber'' (common names: Schneider's (dwarf) toad, and for the now-synonymized ''Bufo fergusonii'', Ferguson's toad and Boulenger's burrowing toad) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in peninsular India and Sri Lanka. ''Bufo fergusonii'', now synonymized with ''Duttaphrynus scaber'', was named after Harold S. Ferguson who collected the type specimen.Boulenger, G. A. 1892. Description of a new toad from Travancore. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 7: 317. ''Duttaphrynus scaber'' is a widespread and common toad in India and Sri Lanka up to elevations of about asl. It is a terrestrial species that occurs in various habitats: wet evergreen tropical forest, tropical dry forest, dry scrubland, grassland, coastal marshes and rural farmland areas. Adult toads are generally found under ground cover, except during the breeding season when they are found in grasslands close to waterbodies. The tadpoles develop in stagnant waters. In parts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bufo Parietalis
''Duttaphrynus parietalis'', commonly known as the Indian toad or ridged toad, is a species of toad found in the Western Ghats of India. Description Head with very prominent ridges, namely a canthal, a slight preorbital, a supraorbital, a postorbital, a parietal, and an orbitotympanic; parietal ridges obliquely directed inwards; snout short, blunt; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, two thirds the diameter of the eye. First finger extending beyond second; toes half webbed, with single subarticular tubercles; two moderate metatarsal tubercles; no tarsal fold. The tarsometatarsal articulation reaches between the eye and the tip of the snout. Upper surfaces covered with irregular warts; parotoids moderately elongate, elliptical, very prominent. Uniform brown above; beneath marbled with brown. Male with a subgular vocal sac The vocal sac is the flexible membrane of skin possessed by most male frogs and toads. The purpose of the vocal sac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ingerophrynus Macrotis
''Ingerophrynus macrotis'' is a toad species of the family Bufonidae that is native to Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam. Its presence in China is uncertain. Characteristics Crown without bony ridges; snout short, truncated; interorbital space flat, as broad as the upper eyelid; tympanum very distinct, vertically oval, quite as large as the eye and close to it. First finger a little longer than second; toes barely half webbed, with irregular spinose tubercles beneath, from which the so-called subarticular are hardly distinguishable; two small metatarsal tubercles; no tarsal fold. The tarso-metatarsal tubercle reaches the tympanum or the eye. Upper parts studded with round tubercles of various sizes; parotoids prominent, subcircular. Grey-brown or olive above, with irregular dark brown spots, vertical bars on the upper lip, and cross bands on the limbs; lower surfaces dirty white, with darker spots; the male's throat brown. Male with a subgular vocal sac and, du ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duttaphrynus Microtympanum
''Duttaphrynus microtympanum'' (common names: southern hill toad, small-eared toad) is a species of toad found in the Western Ghats of India, possibly wider. Description The head of this species has prominent bony ridges, viz. a canthal, a preorbital, a supraorbital, a postorbital, and a short orbitotympanic; the snout is short and blunt; the interorbital space is broader than the upper eyelid; the tympanum is very small, not half the diameter of eye, and generally indistinct (thus the common name). The first finger extends beyond the second; the toes are about half webbed, with single subarticular tubercles; two moderate metatarsal tubercles are present, with no tarsal fold. The tarsometatarsal articulation reaches the eye, or between the eye and the tip of the snout. Upper surfaces have irregular, distinctly porous warts; the parotoids areprominent, elliptical, and twice or twice and a half as long as broad. They are brown above, yellow beneath, marbled with brown. Males have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bufo Melanostictus Above
''Bufo'' is a genus of true toads in the amphibian family Bufonidae. As traditionally defined, it was a wastebasket genus containing a large number of toads from much of the world, but following taxonomic reviews most of these have been moved to other genera, leaving only seventeen extant (living) species from Europe, northern Africa and Asia in this genus, including the well-known common toad (''B. bufo''). Some of the genera that contain species formerly placed in ''Bufo'' are ''Anaxyrus'' (many North American species), ''Bufotes'' (European green toad and relatives), ''Duttaphrynus'' (many Asian species, including the Asian common toad introduced elsewhere), ''Epidalea'' (natterjack toad) and ''Rhinella'' (many Latin American species, including the cane toad introduced elsewhere). Description True toads have in common stocky figures and short legs, which make them relatively poor jumpers. Their dry skin is thick and "warty". Behind their eyes, ''Bufo'' species have wart-li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duttaphrynus Melanostictus
''Duttaphrynus melanostictus'' is commonly called Asian common toad, Asian black-spined toad, Asian toad, black-spectacled toad, common Sunda toad, and Javanese toad. It is probably a complex of more than one true toad species that is widely distributed in South and Southeast Asia. The species grows to about long. Asian common toads breed during the monsoon, and their tadpoles are black. Young toads may be seen in large numbers after monsoon rains finish. Characteristics The top of the head has several bony ridges, along the edge of the snout (canthal ridge), in front of the eye (preorbital), above the eye (supraorbital), behind the eye (postorbital), and a short one between the eye and ear (orbitotympanic). The snout is short and blunt, and the space between the eyes is broader than the upper eyelid width. The ear drum or tympanum is very distinct and is at least as wide as two-thirds the diameter of the eye. The first finger is often longer than the second and the toes ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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