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List Of Ambassadors Of Poland To Estonia
The Republic of Poland Ambassador to Estonia is the official representative of the President and the Government of Poland to the President and the Government of Estonia. The ambassador and his staff work in the Polish embassy in Tallinn. The current Poland ambassador to Estonia is Grzegorz Kozłowski, incumbent since February 14, 2018. History Poland established diplomatic relations with Estonia on May 4, 1921, when representative of the Republic of Estonia delivered letter of credence to the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs. On September 30, 1939, diplomatic relations between Poland and Estonia were dissolved because of the Soviet-German Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, which expropriated among others Poland and Estonia. Between 1939 and 1991 there was no official relations between Polish People's Republic led by communists and Estonian SSR, which was a part of the Soviet Union. However, there were bilateral relations between Polish government-in-exile and Estonian government ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coat Of Arms Of Poland
The coat of arms of Poland is a white, crowned Eagle (heraldry), eagle with a golden beak and talons, on a red background. In Poland, the coat of arms as a whole is referred to as ''godło'' both in official documents and colloquial speech, despite the fact that other coats of arms are usually called a ''herb'' (e.g. the Nałęcz coat of arms, Nałęcz ''herb'' or the coat of arms of Finland). This stems from the fact that in Polish heraldry, the word ''godło'' (plural: ''godła'') means only a heraldic charge (in this particular case a white crowned eagle) and not an entire coat of arms, but it is also an archaic word for a national symbol of any sort. In later legislation only the ''herb'' retained this designation; it is unknown why. Legal basis The coat of arms of the Republic of Poland is described in two legal documents: the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 1997 [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
The Estonian SSR,, russian: Эстонская ССР officially the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic,, russian: Эстонская Советская Социалистическая Республика was an ethnically based administrative subdivision of the former Soviet Union (USSR) covering the occupied and annexed territory of Estonia in 1940–1941 and 1944–1991. The Estonian SSR was nominally established to replace the until then independent Republic of Estonia on 21 July 1940, a month after the 16–17 June 1940 Soviet military invasion and occupation of the country during World War II. After the installation of a Stalinist government which, backed by the occupying Soviet Red Army, declared Estonia a Soviet constituency, the Estonian SSR was subsequently incorporated into the Soviet Union as a "union republic" on 6 August 1940. Estonia was occupied by Nazi Germany in 1941, and administered as a part of ''Reichskommissariat Ostland'' until it was reconquere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ambassadors Of Poland To Estonia
An ambassador is an official envoy, especially a high-ranking diplomat who represents a state and is usually accredited to another sovereign state or to an international organization as the resident representative of their own government or sovereign or appointed for a special and often temporary diplomatic assignment. The word is also used informally for people who are known, without national appointment, to represent certain professions, activities, and fields of endeavor, such as sales. An ambassador is the ranking government representative stationed in a foreign capital or country. The host country typically allows the ambassador control of specific territory called an embassy, whose territory, staff, and vehicles are generally afforded diplomatic immunity in the host country. Under the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, an ambassador has the highest diplomatic rank. Countries may choose to maintain diplomatic relations at a lower level by appointing a chargé d'a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Ambassadors Of Poland To Finland
The Republic of Poland Ambassador to Finland is the Poland's foremost diplomatic representative in the Republic of Finland, and head of the Poland's diplomatic mission there. History Diplomatic relations between Poland and Finland were established on February 7, 1920. Embassy of Poland is located in Helsinki in Kulosaari suburb. In addition there are Honorary Cosulates of Poland in Espoo, Jyväskylä, Kuopio, Tampere and Turku. List of ambassadors of Poland to Finland Second Polish Republic * 1918-1920: Mikołaj Himmelstjerna (''chargé d’affaires'') * 1920-1922: Michał Sokolnicki (''envoy'') * 1922-1927: Tytus Filipowicz (''envoy'') * 1927-1928: Tomasz Sariusz-Bielski (''chargé d’affaires'') * 1928-1935: Franciszek Charwat (''envoy'') * 1936-1941: Henryk Sokolnicki (''envoy'') * 1941-1942: Józef Weyers (''chargé d’affaires'') ''January 18, 1942 – closure of the embassy due to breaking diplomatic relations'' People's Polish Republic * 1946-1947: Stefan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grzegorz Marek Poznański
Grzegorz Marek Poznański (born 9 March 1971, Warsaw) is a Polish career diplomat and civil service member, ambassador to Estonia (2010–2014), since 2020 Director General of the Permanent Secretariat of the Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS) in Stockholm. Life Grzegorz Marek Poznański received a master's degree of international relations at the University of Warsaw. He has been studying also in Shanghai, Beijing, Taipei, National Defence University of Warsaw, National School of Public Administration, as well as United Nations Disarmament Fellowship course (2001). He started his diplomatic career in 1997 at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), specializing in security, disarmament, non-proliferation and arms export control issues. Between 2002 and 2006 he was working at the Permanent Mission of the Republic of Poland to the United Nations Office at Geneva. Next, was a member of the UNSG Panel of Governmental Experts on missiles (2007–2008). From 2007 to 2010 he was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jarosław Lindenberg
Jarosław Lindenberg (born 9 November 1956 in Warsaw) is a Polish diplomat and philosopher, ambassador to Latvia (1992–1997), Bulgaria (1998–2003), Montenegro (2007–2011), and Bosnia and Herzegdovina (since 2018). Life Lindenberg graduated from Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Warsaw. In 1985, he defended his PhD thesis on philosophy of history by Bolesław Limanowski. Since the late 1970s, he was engaged in Polish dissident movement, for instance, he was editor of the samizdat magazine "Jaruzela"; he was cooperating with Jacek Czaputowicz at that time. He was member of the Club of Catholic Intelligentsia. He was an internee during the martial law in 1981–1982. Between 1980 and 1986, he worked at Branch of the University of Warsaw in Białystok. For the next five years he was a lecturer at the Academy of Special Education in Warsaw. In the 1980s, he was also, occasionally, writing scenarios and co-authoring novels. In 1990, he joined the Polish Ministry ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kazimierz Papée
Dr. Kazimierz Papée (sometimes Anglicized Casimir, January 10, 1889 - January 19, 1979) was the ambassador from Poland to the Holy See from 1939 to 1958, during and after World War II. Due to the Invasion of Poland (1939), Nazi invasion of Poland months after Papée's appointment, Papée represented the Polish government-in-exile for the remainder of Pope Pius XII's papacy, before being dismissed by his successor, Pope John XXIII. Early life Kazimierz Papée was born January 10, 1889, in Lwow. His father Fryderyk was a renowned historian employed by the Ossolineum, his mother Wladyslawa was daughter of poet Wladyslaw Anczyc. In 1905, the family moved to Krakow, where Fryderyk Papée got a job at the library of the Jagiellonian University. Kazimierz graduated from law department of the Jagiellonian University, later receiving his PhD. During World War I, he served in the Polish Legions in World War I, Polish Legions (1915 - 1916), and after the war, when Second Polish Republic, Pola ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leon Wasilewski
Leon Wasilewski (1870–1936) was an activist of the Polish Socialist Party (PPS), a coworker of Józef Piłsudski, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs, designer of much of Second Polish Republic policy towards Eastern Europe, historian and father of Halszka Wasilewska and of Wanda Wasilewska. Life and career Born on 24 August 1870 in Saint Petersburg, to an impoverished gentry family with roots in Livonia and Samogitia. His father was an organist at Saint Stanislaus church in St. Petersburg. His mother, Maria Reiter, was a teacher of mixed German and Czech ancestry, and came from Moravia.John Stanley Micgiel. ''Wilsonian East Central Europe: Current Perspectives''. The Piłsudski Inst. 1995. p. 55. After completing his secondary education he attended Lwow University, where he met his future wife, Wanda Zieleniewska. Both were involved in student politics. He dropped out of his course to follow his political ambitions. Later he briefly attended Prague University, where he m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iron Curtain
The Iron Curtain was the political boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991. The term symbolizes the efforts by the Soviet Union (USSR) to block itself and its satellite states from open contact with the West, its allies and neutral states. On the east side of the Iron Curtain were the countries that were connected to or influenced by the Soviet Union, while on the west side were the countries that were NATO members, or connected to or influenced by the United States; or nominally neutral. Separate international economic and military alliances were developed on each side of the Iron Curtain. It later became a term for the physical barrier of fences, walls, minefields, and watchtowers that divided the "east" and "west". The Berlin Wall was also part of this physical barrier. The nations to the east of the Iron Curtain were Poland, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonian Government-in-exile
The Estonian government-in-exile was the formally declared governmental authority of the Republic of Estonia in exile, existing from 1944 until the reestablishment of Estonian sovereignty over Estonian territory in 1991 and 1992. It traced its legitimacy through constitutional succession to the last Estonian government in power prior to the Soviet invasion of 1940. During its existence, it was the internationally recognized government of Estonia. Background The USSR occupied Estonia on June 14, 1940. Soviet authorities arrested President Konstantin Päts and deported him to the USSR where he died in prison in 1956. Many members of the current and past governments were deported or executed, including eight former heads of state and 38 ministers. Those who survived went underground. Sham elections were held on 14–15 July 1940 for a "People's ''Riigikogu''," in which voters were presented with a single list dominated by communists. This election is now considered illegal and u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Government-in-exile
The Polish government-in-exile, officially known as the Government of the Republic of Poland in exile ( pl, Rząd Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na uchodźstwie), was the government in exile of Poland formed in the aftermath of the Invasion of Poland of September 1939, and the subsequent occupation of Poland by Germany and the Soviet Union, which brought to an end the Second Polish Republic. Despite the occupation of Poland by hostile powers, the government-in-exile exerted considerable influence in Poland during World War II through the structures of the Polish Underground State and its military arm, the Armia Krajowa (Home Army) resistance. Abroad, under the authority of the government-in-exile, Polish military units that had escaped the occupation fought under their own commanders as part of Allied forces in Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. After the war, as the Polish territory came under the control of the communist Polish People's Republic, the government-in-exile rema ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national republics; in practice, both its government and its economy were highly centralized until its final years. It was a one-party state governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, with the city of Moscow serving as its capital as well as that of its largest and most populous republic: the Russian SFSR. Other major cities included Leningrad (Russian SFSR), Kiev (Ukrainian SSR), Minsk ( Byelorussian SSR), Tashkent (Uzbek SSR), Alma-Ata (Kazakh SSR), and Novosibirsk (Russian SFSR). It was the largest country in the world, covering over and spanning eleven time zones. The country's roots lay in the October Revolution of 1917, when the Bolsheviks, under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the Russian Provisional Government ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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