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List Of Roman Moneyers During The Republic
During the Roman Republic, moneyers were called ''tresviri aere argento auro flando feriundo'', literally "three men for casting (and) striking bronze, silver (and) gold (coins)". This was a board of the college of the ''vigintiviri'', or Board of twenty (later briefly the Board of twenty-six), '' vigintisexviri''. The title was abbreviated III. VIR. AAAFF. or even III. VIR. A.P.F. (''tresviri ad pecuniam feriundam'') on the coinage itself. These men were collectively known as the ''tresviri monetales'' or sometimes, less correctly, as the ''triumviri monetales''. The singular is ''triumvir monetalis''. In English, they are most correctly called mint magistrates, since 'moneyers' may imply that they actually struck the coins themselves. In the early times of the Republic, there are few records of any officers who were charged with the superintendence of the mint, and there is little respecting the introduction of such officers apart from a very vague statement from Pomponius. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eckhel I 2
Joseph Hilarius Eckhel (13 January 1737 – 16 May 1798) was an Austrian Jesuit priest and numismatist. Biography Eckhel was born at Enzersfeld, in Lower Austria. His father was farm-steward to Count Zinzendorf, and he received his early education at the Jesuits' College, Vienna, where at the age of fourteen he was admitted into the order. He devoted himself to antiquities and numismatics. After being engaged as professor of poetry and rhetoric, first at Steyr and afterwards at Vienna, he was appointed in 1772 keeper of the cabinet of coins at the Jesuits' College, and in the same year he went to Italy for the purpose of personal inspection and study of antiquities and coins. At Florence he was employed to arrange the collection of the grand duke of Tuscany; and the first-fruits of his study of this and other collections appeared in his ''Numi veteres anecdoti'', published in 1775. On the suppression of the Society of Jesus in 1773, Eckhel was appointed by the empress Mari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quaestor
A ( , , ; "investigator") was a public official in Ancient Rome. There were various types of quaestors, with the title used to describe greatly different offices at different times. In the Roman Republic, quaestors were elected officials who supervised the state treasury and conducted audits. When assigned to provincial governors, the duties were mainly administrative and logistical, but also could expand to encompass military leadership and command. It was the lowest ranking position in the ' (course of offices); by the first century BC, one had to have been quaestor to be eligible for any other posts. In the Roman Empire, the position initially remained as assistants to the magistrates with financial duties in the provinces, but over time, it faded away in the face of the expanding imperial bureaucracy. A position with a similar name (the ') emerged during the Constantinian period with judicial responsibilities. Etymology ''Quaestor'' derives from the Latin verb ', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucius Furius Purpureo
Lucius Furius Purpureo was a Roman politician and general, becoming consul in the year 196 BC. Lucius Furius was from the '' gens Furia'' patrician family in Rome. Military tribune Purpureo was a military tribune in 210 BC during the Second Punic War. After the Battle of Numistro against Hannibal, he was left behind in charge of the wounded with a small number of guards, while the consul Marcus Claudius Marcellus pursued the enemy. Praetor He was a praetor in 200 BC and received Cisalpine Gaul as his province. Shortly after he arrived in Cisalpine Gaul with 5,000 Latin troops, about 40,000 Insubres, Cenomani, and Boii, led by the Carthaginian general, Hamilcar, plundered Placentia and besieged Cremona. Upon learning of the invasion, Purpureo requested more troops from Rome. The Senate responded by sending him a new army of two Roman legions and a similar number of Latin troops. After sending his original 5,000 troops to Etruria, Purpureo proceeded to raise the siege at C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 162 BC)
Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus was son of the Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus who had been consul in 192 BC, was chosen pontifex in 172 BC when still a young man, and in 169 BC was sent with two others as commissioners into Macedonia. In 167 BC he was one of the ten commissioners for arranging the affairs of Macedonia in conjunction with Aemilius Paulus; and when the consuls of 162 BC abdicated on account of some fault in the auspices in their election, he and Cornelius Lentulus were chosen consuls in their stead.Valerius Maximus Valerius Maximus () was a 1st-century Latin writer and author of a collection of historical anecdotes: ''Factorum ac dictorum memorabilium libri IX'' ("Nine books of memorable deeds and sayings", also known as ''De factis dictisque memorabilibus'' ..., i. 1. § 3 Children He was the father of Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, who was consul in 122 BC. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Domitius Ahenobarbus, Gnaeus 2nd-century BC Roman consuls Senators of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcus Baebius Tamphilus
Marcus Baebius Tamphilus was a consul of the Roman Republic in 181 BC along with P. Cornelius Cethegus. Baebius is credited with reform legislation pertaining to campaigns for political offices and electoral bribery ('' ambitus''). The '' Lex Baebia'' was the first bribery law in Rome and had long-term impact on Roman administrative practices in the provinces. Baebius played an important diplomatic and military role in the Roman-Syrian War. In carrying out the deportation of the Apuani of Liguria for the purpose of occupying their territory, Baebius is also a significant figure in tracing the history of Roman expansionism. Family During the Republican era, all men with the family name Baebius who are known to have held the highest magistracies belong to the branch distinguished by the ''cognomen'' Tamphilus. Marcus's brother Gnaeus was consul in 182 BC, in an unusual instance of two brothers holding the office in succession. Their father, Quintus, was a praetor; the Q. B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcus Valerius Laevinus
Marcus Valerius Laevinus (c. 260 BC200 BC) was a Roman consul and commander who rose to prominence during the Second Punic War and corresponding First Macedonian War. A member of the ''gens Valeria'', an old patrician family believed to have migrated to Rome under the Sabine king T. Tatius, Laevinus played an integral role in the containment of the Macedonian threat. Background and early career Laevinus was the son of P. Valerius Laevinus, and grandson of P. Valerius Laevinus. The latter may have been the consul of 280 BC whom Pyrrhus of Epirus defeated at Heraclea. Praetor of Sicily in 227. M. Laevinus was first elected consul in 220. His consulship, however, was annulled, likely due to accusations of a faulty election. In 215, during the Second Punic War, Laevinus was elected praetor peregrinus with command of the Roman forces in Apulia. Stationed in Brundisium, Laevinus was appointed to act as a deterrent to any potential advance from the Macedonian king, Philip V, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Publius Manlius Vulso (praetor)
Publius Manlius Vulso was a member of the Roman patrician gens Manlia. In 210 BC he was praetor of Sardinia. Life Publius Manlius Vulso held the office of praetor in the middle of the Roman fight against Hannibal, which is called the Second Punic war (218-201 BC). He commanded two legions in order to defend Sardinia against the Carthaginians. Yet a Punic fleet led by Hamilcar ravaged at the end of the summer of 210 BC Olbia Olbia (, ; sc, Terranoa; sdn, Tarranoa) is a city and commune of 60,346 inhabitants (May 2018) in the Italian insular province of Sassari in northeastern Sardinia, Italy, in the historical region of Gallura. Called ''Olbia'' in the Roman age ..., a city on the north-east coast of the island. When Manlius and his army appeared on the battlefield the Carthaginians sailed on and devastated the district of Carales (today Cagliari).Livius, ''Ab Urbe Condita'' 26.28.12; 27.6.13-14; 27.7.14. Nothing else is known about the life of Manlius. Notes R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prefect
Prefect (from the Latin ''praefectus'', substantive adjectival form of ''praeficere'': "put in front", meaning in charge) is a magisterial title of varying definition, but essentially refers to the leader of an administrative area. A prefect's office, department, or area of control is called a prefecture, but in various post-Roman empire cases there is a prefect without a prefecture or ''vice versa''. The words "prefect" and "prefecture" are also used, more or less conventionally, to render analogous words in other languages, especially Romance languages. Ancient Rome ''Praefectus'' was the formal title of many, fairly low to high-ranking officials in ancient Rome, whose authority was not embodied in their person (as it was with elected Magistrates) but conferred by delegation from a higher authority. They did have some authority in their prefecture such as controlling prisons and in civil administration. Feudal times Especially in Medieval Latin, ''præfectus'' was used to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rex Sacrorum
In ancient Roman religion, the ''rex sacrorum'' ("king of the sacred things", also sometimes ''rex sacrificulus'') was a senatorial priesthood reserved for patricians. Although in the historical era, the '' pontifex maximus'' was the head of Roman state religion, Festus says that in the ranking of the highest Roman priests (''ordo sacerdotum''), the ''rex sacrorum'' was of highest prestige, followed by the '' flamines maiores'' ('' Flamen Dialis'', ''Flamen Martialis'', '' Flamen Quirinalis'') and the ''pontifex maximus''. The ''rex sacrorum'' was based in the Regia. Description During the Roman Republic, the ''rex sacrorum'' was chosen by the ''pontifex maximus'' from a list of patricians submitted by the College of Pontiffs. A further requirement was that he be born from parents married through the ritual of ''confarreatio'', which was also the form of marriage he himself had to enter. His wife, the ''regina sacrorum'', also performed religious duties specific to her role. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pontiff
A pontiff (from Latin ''pontifex'') was, in Roman antiquity, a member of the most illustrious of the colleges of priests of the Roman religion, the College of Pontiffs."Pontifex". "Oxford English Dictionary", March 2007 The term "pontiff" was later applied to any high or chief priest and, in Roman Catholic ecclesiastical usage, to bishops, especially the Pope, who is sometimes referred to as the Roman Pontiff or the Supreme Pontiff. Etymology The English term derives through Old French ''pontif'' from Latin ''pontifex'', a word commonly held to come from the Latin root words ''pons'', ''pont-'' (bridge) + ''facere'' (to do, to make), and so to have the literal meaning of "bridge-builder", presumably between mankind and the deity/deities. The role of bridges in ancient religions, associated with resurrection, redemption and the Judgement Day is already well known. Uncertainty prevailing, this may be only a folk etymology, but it may also recall ancient tasks and magic rites a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proconsul
A proconsul was an official of ancient Rome who acted on behalf of a consul. A proconsul was typically a former consul. The term is also used in recent history for officials with delegated authority. In the Roman Republic, military command, or ''imperium'', could be exercised constitutionally only by a consul. There were two consuls at a time, each elected to a one-year term. They could not normally serve two terms in a row. If a military campaign was in progress at the end of a consul's term, the consul in command might have his command prorogued, allowing him to continue in command. This custom allowed for continuity of command despite the high turnover of consuls. In the Roman Empire, proconsul was a title held by a civil governor and did not imply military command. In modern times, various officials with notable delegated authority have been referred to as proconsuls. Studies of leadership typically divide leaders into policymakers and subordinate administrators. The procon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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