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List Of North European Jews
Before the Holocaust, Jews were a significant part of the population in Lithuania where they numbered around 240,000, including approximately 100,000 in Vilnius, or about 45% of that city's pre-World War II population (Vilnius was also once known as the "Jerusalem of Lithuania"). A large Jewish community also existed in Latvia. In comparison, Estonia and the Nordic countries have had much smaller communities, concentrated mostly in Denmark and Sweden. The following is a list of prominent North European Jews, arranged by country of origin: Denmark * Victor Bendix, composer, conductor and pianist * Susanne Bier, film director * Kim Bodnia, actor * Harald Bohr, mathematician and footballer (Jewish mother) * Niels Bohr, physicist, Nobel Prize (1922) (Jewish mother) * Victor Borge, entertainer * Edvard Brandes, politician, critic and author, minister of finance from 1909 to 1910 * Ernst Brandes, economist and editor * Georg Brandes, author and critic, father of Danish naturalism * M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Holocaust
The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population. The murders were carried out in pogroms and mass shootings; by a policy of extermination through labor in concentration camps; and in gas chambers and gas vans in German extermination camps, chiefly Auschwitz-Birkenau, Bełżec, Chełmno, Majdanek, Sobibór, and Treblinka in occupied Poland. Germany implemented the persecution in stages. Following Adolf Hitler's appointment as chancellor on 30 January 1933, the regime built a network of concentration camps in Germany for political opponents and those deemed "undesirable", starting with Dachau on 22 March 1933. After the passing of the Enabling Act on 24 March, which gave Hitler dictatorial plenary powers, the government began isolating Je ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcus Choleva
Marcus Choleva (born 12 April 1933) is a Danish businessman. He was CEO of KFI (Købmændenes Finansieringsinstitut) from 1970 until 2012. Early life and education Marcus Choleva was born on 12 April 1933 in the Frederiksberg district of Copenhagen to parents of Latvian-Polish Jewish descent. His great-grandparents fled Eastern Europe due to rekindled anti-Semitism. His family was arrested by the Gestapo during World War II and subsequently sent to the concentration camp Theresienstadt in present-day Czech Republic. The Danish Jews in Theresienstadt were treated better than other European Jews in the concentration camp, and were not immediately deported to death camps like many of the other European Jews in the camp. Marcus Choleva and most of his family spent a year and a half in the concentration camp, surviving the Holocaust. Back in Denmark after the war, Choleva completed a Master's Degree in Economics at University of Copenhagen. Career Marcus Choleva initially w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raquel Rastenni
Raquel Rastenni (21 August 1915 – 17 August 1998), born Anna Rachel Rastén, was a popular Danish-Russian singer. She was born in Copenhagen, and grew up in an apartment in the poor part of the city. Her Jewish parents immigrated to Denmark from Russia at the start of the 20th century. Her father was a tailor, and her mother was a seamstress. She started her career as a dancer in the Helsingør Revue in 1936. She debuted as a singer in 1938 by being broadcast on radio. She sang with various orchestras through the early 1940s and in 1940 formed her own swing trio. That same year her first record was released. She also toured during these years in Sweden. As a Jew, she fled Denmark in October 1943 along with her family, as the country had come under Nazi occupation. She spent the rest of the war years in Sweden where she continued having great success with her career, performing with orchestras and in cabarets and varieties. Her jazz singing style has been compared to that of Ella ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herbert Pundik
Herbert Pundik or Nahum Pundak ( he, נחום פונדק; September 23, 1927 – December 8, 2019) was a Danish- Israeli journalist and author. He worked for the newspaper Information and as a correspondent for Danmarks Radio. Since 1965, he worked for the newspaper Politiken, from 1970 to 1993 as executive editor. Under his leadership Politiken went from sloping sales figures to becoming the largest daily newspaper in Denmark. Herbert was born in Copenhagen, Denmark in 1927 to Danish Jewish parents, who had migrated to Denmark from Ukraine in order to escape threatening pogroms. He escaped to Sweden during the German occupation of Denmark in World War II, and in 1945 enlisted in the Danish Brigade in Sweden. From 1948–1949 he served in the Israeli Hagana. He admitted to spying for Israel for a decade during the 1960s. His son Ron Pundak was an Israeli historian, who played a vital role in establishing the diplomatic connections between the Israeli and the Palestin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War (U
War is an intense armed conflict between State (polity), states, governments, Society, societies, or paramilitary groups such as Mercenary, mercenaries, Insurgency, insurgents, and militias. It is generally characterized by extreme violence, destruction, and mortality, using Regular army, regular or Irregular military, irregular Military, military forces. Warfare refers to the common activities and characteristics of types of war, or of wars in general. Total war is warfare that is not restricted to purely legitimate military targets, and can result in massive civilian casualties, civilian or other non-combatant suffering and Casualty (person), casualties. While some war studies scholars consider war a universal and ancestral aspect of human nature, others argue it is a result of specific socio-cultural, economic or ecological circumstances. Etymology The English word ''war'' derives from the 11th-century Old English words ''wyrre'' and ''werre'', from Old French ''werre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lee Oskar
Lee Oskar (born 24 March 1948) is a Danish harmonica player, notable for his contributions to the sound of the rock-funk fusion group War, which was formed by Howard E. Scott and Harold Brown, his solo work, and as a harmonica manufacturer. He continues to play with 3 other original War band members, Harold Brown, Howard Scott and B.B. Dickerson, under the name LowRider Band. Early life and career Born in Copenhagen, Denmark in 1948, Oskar was six years old when a family friend gave him his first harmonica. "I came from an area where every kid on the block had a harmonica", he remembers. He grew up listening to Danish radio, enjoying all types of music and cites Ray Charles as the biggest influence from that period. When he was 17, Oskar decided that the United States was where a harmonica player should make his career. So he moved to New York at the age of 18 with little more than a harmonica in his pocket. With no money, Oskar played harmonica in the streets of New York. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan Osiier
Dr. Ivan Joseph Martin Osiier (December 16, 1888 – December 23, 1965), was a Danish Olympic medalist, and world champion, fencer who fenced foil, épée, and saber. He was given the Olympic Diploma of Merit during his career. He is also one of only five athletes who have competed in the Olympics over a span of 40 years. Personal life Osiier was born in Copenhagen, Denmark, and was Jewish. His parents were Martin Moses Meyer Osiier (1861-1933) and Hanne Henriette Ruben (1865-1922). He was married to Ellen Osiier, who became the first female Olympic fencing champion by winning the women's foil at the 1924 Summer Olympics. He attended the secondary school Borgerdydskolen (The School of Civic Virtue) in Copenhagen, and later studied medicine. He was a surgeon at Garrison Hospital in Copenhagen in 1915-17. He later served as a physician. He was forced to flee Denmark during the Nazi occupation of Denmark due to his being Jewish, and went to Sweden where he worked at Saint Gör ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael Melchior
Michael Melchior ( he, מיכאל מלכיאור; born January 31, 1954) is a Jewish leader, Orthodox rabbi, thinker, and activist. He is a former Minister of Social and Diaspora Affairs, a former Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, and a former member of Knesset for Meimad. He is the Rabbi of a community in Talpiyot, Jerusalem (Beit Boyar), while still holding the title of the Chief Rabbi of Norway. Biography A descendant of seven generations of rabbis in Denmark, Melchior was born in Copenhagen, Denmark, in 1954. His grandfather, Marcus Melchior, helped orchestrate the escape of Danish Jews during the Nazi occupation of Denmark, and served as the country's chief rabbi until his death in 1969. Michael was ordained as an Orthodox Rabbi at Yeshivat Hakotel of Jerusalem in 1980. Soon afterwards, he returned to Scandinavia to serve as Chief Rabbi of Norway. In 1986, he immigrated to Israel, and settled down with his family in Jerusalem, while still holding the honorary title of Chie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcus Melchior
Marcus Melchior (1897 – 1969) was the rabbi of the main synagogue in Copenhagen, Denmark, at the time of the rescue of the Danish Jews in October 1943, during the Second World War. After escaping with his family and other Danish Jews to Sweden, he served as the acting rabbi for the Jewish refugees in Sweden until the end of the war, in mid 1945. In 1947 he became the chief rabbi of Denmark, a post he held until his death, in 1969. Biography Melchior came from a prominent Jewish family in Denmark. After receiving his rabbinical diploma from the Hildesheimer Rabbinical Seminary, in Berlin, Germany, in 1921, he served as a rabbi in Tarnowskie Góry, Poland, from 1921 to 1923, and in Beuthen, Germany (today, Bytom, Poland), from 1925 to 1934. He then moved to Copenhagen, Denmark, and became rabbi for the Jewish community there. From 1943 to 1945 he was acting rabbi for the Jewish refugees from Denmark in Sweden. Following the death of Max Friediger, in 1947, he became chief rabbi i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arne Melchior
Arne Melchior (22 October 1924 – 24 September 2016) was a Danish politician of Jewish descent and supporter of Jewish causes. He was the son of Marcus Melchior. Melchior was active in the Social Democratic Party but left this party in 1973 to co-found the Centre Democrats. He was member of the Danish Parliament 1973-75 and again 1977–2001. He was minister of traffic in the Conservative Poul Schlüter coalition government 1982–86, and Minister for Communication and Tourism in the Social Democratic Poul Nyrup Rasmussen coalition government 1993–94. He represented his party in parliament's Foreign Policy Committee 1994–2001, when he was forced to step down after having publicly defended Israel's use of ''moderate physical coercion'' on terror suspects. He later chose to leave the Centre Democratic Parliamentary group. The Centre Democrats lost their representation in parliament in the parliamentary election of 2001. The party was dissolved on 1 February 2008. Melchior di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abraham Kurland
Abraham Kurland (10 June 1912 – 14 March 1999) was a Danish Olympic silver medalist wrestler. Kurland won 12 Denmark championships from 1932-49, won a silver medal in lightweight Greco Roman wrestling at the 1932 Olympics and a gold medal in lightweight at the 1932 Maccabiah Games in Mandatory Palestine, won a gold medal at the 1934 European Wrestling Championships in Greco-Roman and a bronze medal in freestyle, and won a silver medal at the 1935 European Wrestling Championships."Abraham Kurland," olympics.com. Kurland was the favorite to win a gold medal at the . However, he declined to participate because it was taking place in [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arne Jacobsen
Arne Emil Jacobsen, Hon. FAIA () 11 February 1902 – 24 March 1971) was a Danish architect and furniture designer. He is remembered for his contribution to architectural functionalism and for the worldwide success he enjoyed with simple well-designed chairs. Biography Early life and education Arne Jacobsen was born on 11 February 1902 in Copenhagen. His father Johan was a wholesale trader in safety pins and snap fasteners. His mother Pouline was a bank teller whose hobby was floral motifs. He first hoped to become a painter, but was dissuaded by his mother, who encouraged him to opt instead for the more secure domain of architecture. After a spell as an apprentice mason, Jacobsen was admitted to the Architecture School at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts where from 1924 to 1927 he studied under Kay Fisker and Kaj Gottlob, both leading architects and designers. Still a student, in 1925 Jacobsen participated in the Paris Art Deco fair, ''Exposition Internationale des A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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