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List Of German Defence Ministers
The Federal Minister of Defence (german: Bundesminister der Verteidigung) is the head of the Federal Ministry of Defence and a member of the Federal Cabinet. According to Article 65a of the German Constitution (german: Grundgesetz), the Federal Minister of Defence is commander-in-chief (german: Inhaber der Befehls- und Kommandogewalt) of the German armed forces, the ''Bundeswehr'', in peacetime. Conversely, when a state of defence is declared, the Federal Chancellor becomes commander-in-chief. The highest-ranking military officer in the Bundeswehr is the Inspector General of the Bundeswehr (german: Generalinspekteur der Bundeswehr). The current Federal Minister of Defence is Christine Lambrecht, since 8 December 2021. List of officeholders Ministers of Defence, 1919–1935 Minister of War, 1935–1938 ''In 1938 the Ministry of War was abolished and replaced by the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW), as a result of the Blomberg–Fritsch affair.'' Chief of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coat Of Arms Of Germany
The coat of arms of Germany displays a black eagle with a red beak, a red tongue and red feet on a golden field, which is blazoned: ''Or, an eagle displayed sable beaked langued and membered gules''. This is the (German for "Federal Eagle"), formerly known as (German for "Imperial Eagle"). It is one of the oldest coats of arms in the world, and today the oldest national symbol used in Europe. It is a re-introduction of the coat of arms of the Weimar Republic (in use 1919–1935), which was adopted by the Federal Republic of Germany in 1950. The current official design is due to (1887–1967) and was originally introduced in 1928. The German Empire of 1871–1918 had re-introduced the medieval coat of arms of the Holy Roman Emperors, in use during the 13th and 14th centuries (a black single-headed eagle on a golden background), before the emperors adopted the double-headed eagle, beginning with Sigismund of Luxemburg in 1433. The single-headed Prussian Eagle (on a white backg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bauer Cabinet
The Bauer cabinet (German: ''Kabinett Bauer'') was the second democratically elected ''Reichsregierung'' of the German Reich. It was named after ''Reichsministerpräsident'' (head of government) Gustav Bauer and took office on 21 June 1919 when it replaced the Scheidemann cabinet. Although the Weimar Constitution was not in force yet, it is generally counted as the second government of the Weimar Republic. It was initially based on a coalition of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and the Zentrum. The German Democratic Party (DDP) had refused to support signing the Treaty of Versailles, over which the Scheidemann Cabinet had resigned on 20 June 1919. The DDP rejoined the Bauer cabinet on 3 October 1919, thus restoring the original Weimar Coalition of centre-left parties. The Bauer cabinet resigned on 27 March 1920 as a result of the Kapp-Lüttwitz Putsch and was followed by the government of Hermann Müller. Election and establishment The government of Gu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Third Marx Cabinet
The Third Marx cabinet (German: ''Drittes Kabinett Marx'') was the 14th democratically elected ''Reichsregierung'' of the German Reich, during the period in which it is now usually referred to as the Weimar Republic. The cabinet was named after ''Reichskanzler'' (chancellor) Wilhelm Marx and was in office for only seven months. On 17 May 1926 it replaced the Second Luther cabinet after the resignation of Hans Luther on 13 May 1926. Marx resigned with his cabinet on 17 December 1926 but remained in office as caretaker. He formed another government on 29 January 1927. Establishment Chancellor Hans Luther had resigned on 13 May 1926 following a controversy over the use of the ''Reichsflagge'' and refused to remain in office as caretaker. Deputy-Chancellor Otto Gessler thus stepped in for him and was asked by president Paul von Hindenburg to form a new government. However, the SPD was unwilling to tolerate a minority cabinet led by him. The parliamentary group of the Zentrum then ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Luther Cabinet
The Second Luther cabinet (German: ''Zweites Kabinett Luther'') was the 13th democratically elected ''Reichsregierung'' of the German Reich, during the period in which it is now usually referred to as the Weimar Republic. The cabinet was named after ''Reichskanzler'' (chancellor) Hans Luther and was in office for not quite four months. On 20 January 1926 it replaced the First Luther cabinet which had resigned on 5 December 1925. Luther resigned as chancellor on 13 May 1926. His cabinet remained in office as a caretaker government until 17 May 1926, but was led by Otto Gessler in its final days. On 17 May, Wilhelm Marx formed a new government, virtually unchanged from the second Luther cabinet except for the departure of Luther. Establishment Talks over the formation of a new government began soon after the German National People's Party (DNVP) left the governing coalition in late October 1925, protesting the Locarno treaties. On 5 November, representatives of Zentrum, German ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Luther Cabinet
The First Luther cabinet (German: ''Erstes Kabinett Luther'') was the 12th democratically elected ''Reichsregierung'' of the German Reich, during the period in which it is now usually referred to as the Weimar Republic. The cabinet was named after ''Reichskanzler'' (chancellor) Hans Luther and was in office for only a year. On 15 January 1925 it replaced the Second Marx cabinet which had resigned on 15 December 1924. Luther resigned with his cabinet on 5 December 1925 following the signature of the Locarno treaties but remained in office as caretaker. He formed another government on 20 January 1926. Establishment Attempts to form a new government had dragged on since the Marx cabinet resigned on 15 December. Marx himself had been asked by president Friedrich Ebert to build a new coalition. However, the goals of the parties turned out to be incompatible. Including the whole spectrum from SPD to DNVP proved elusive. Moreover, the DDP refused to work with the DNVP, which also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Marx Cabinet
The Second Marx cabinet (German: ''Zweites Kabinett Marx'') was the 11th democratically elected ''Reichsregierung'' of the German Reich, during the period in which it is now usually referred to as the Weimar Republic. The cabinet was named after ''Reichskanzler'' (chancellor) Wilhelm Marx and took office on 3 June 1924 when it replaced the First Marx cabinet which had resigned on 26 May. Marx' second cabinet resigned on 15 December 1924 and was replaced on 15 January 1925 by a cabinet led by Hans Luther. Establishment On 15 February 1924, the ''Ermächtigungsgesetz'' ( enabling act), on which many of the actions of the first Marx cabinet had been based, lapsed and there was no prospect of the Reichstag granting an extension. The parliament met on 20 February and several draft laws were tabled, aimed at undoing some of the government's decrees, notably on taxes, working hours and cuts to the public workforce. The government decided to fight to keep these in place as it saw the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Marx Cabinet
The First Marx cabinet (German: ''Erstes Kabinett Marx'') was the tenth democratically elected ''Reichsregierung'' of the German Reich, during the period in which it is now usually referred to as the Weimar Republic. The cabinet was named after ''Reichskanzler'' (chancellor) Wilhelm Marx and took office on 30 November 1923 when it replaced the Second Stresemann cabinet which had resigned on 23 November. Marx' first cabinet resigned on 26 May 1924 and was replaced on 3 June by another cabinet under his chancellorship. Establishment After the second cabinet of Gustav Stresemann had resigned on 23 November 1923, the situation of the Reich was too critical to be dealt with for long by a mere caretaker government: the Occupation of the Ruhr, a military state of emergency (in place since 26 September 1923), implementation of the currency reform and the dire state of the public finances. Nevertheless, attempts to create a new coalition turned out to be difficult. A restoration o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Stresemann Cabinet
The Second Stresemann cabinet (German: ''Zweites Kabinett Stresemann'') was the ninth democratically elected ''Reichsregierung'' of the German Reich, during the period in which it is now usually referred to as the Weimar Republic. The cabinet was named after ''Reichskanzler'' (chancellor) Gustav Stresemann and took office on 6 October 1923 when it replaced the First Stresemann cabinet which had resigned on 3 October. Stresemann's second cabinet resigned on 23 November 1923 and was replaced on 30 November by the first cabinet under chancellor Wilhelm Marx. Establishment The first Stresemann cabinet resigned late on 3 October 1923 due to disagreement between the political parties over the extent to which the planned ''Ermächtigungsgesetz'' should give the government power to change the length of the working day by decree. However, the ''Große Koalition'' (grand coalition) of DVP, Social Democrats (SPD), Zentrum and German Democratic Party (DDP) was not replaced by a new constel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Stresemann Cabinet
The First Stresemann cabinet (German: ''Erstes Kabinett Stresemann'') was the eighth democratically elected ''Reichsregierung'' of the German Reich, during the period in which it is now usually referred to as the Weimar Republic. The cabinet was named after ''Reichskanzler'' (chancellor) Gustav Stresemann and took office on 13 August 1923 when it replaced the Cuno cabinet under Wilhelm Cuno. The cabinet resigned late on 3 October 1923 and was replaced on 6 October by another cabinet formed by Stresemann. Establishment The resignation of the Cuno cabinet was officially transmitted to ''Reichspräsident'' Friedrich Ebert late on 12 August 1923. At roughly the same time, Ebert asked the chairman of the DVP, Gustav Stresemann, to form a new government. On the evening of 13 August, Ebert appointed Stresemann Chancellor. At that point, the list of ministers for the new cabinet was mostly completed. This was the fastest formation of a government between the time when the Weimar Nati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cuno Cabinet
The Cuno cabinet (German: ''Kabinett Cuno'') was the seventh democratically elected ''Reichsregierung'' of the German Reich, during the period in which it is now usually referred to as the Weimar Republic. The cabinet was named after ''Reichskanzler'' (chancellor) Wilhelm Cuno and took office on 22 November 1922 when it replaced the Second Wirth cabinet under Joseph Wirth. The Cuno cabinet was forced to resign on 12 August 1923 and was replaced the next day by the first cabinet of Gustav Stresemann. Establishment Joseph Wirth's second cabinet resigned on 14 November 1922. The president, Social Democrat Friedrich Ebert asked Wilhelm Cuno on 16 November to form a new government. Cuno tried to put together a broad coalition of parties stretching from the newly re-unified Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) to the German People's Party (DVP). However, a majority of the SPD's Reichstag delegation opposed Ebert and refused to agree to a coalition including the DVP. Cuno's at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Wirth Cabinet
The Second Wirth cabinet (German: ''Zweites Kabinett Wirth'') was the sixth democratically elected ''Reichsregierung'' of the German Reich, during the period in which it is now usually referred to as the Weimar Republic. The cabinet was named after ''Reichskanzler'' (chancellor) Joseph Wirth and took office on 26 October 1921 when it replaced the First Wirth cabinet. The cabinet was based on a coalition of Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and the Catholic Zentrum. The DDP supported it and its ''Reichswehrminister'' Otto Gessler remained in office, to be later joined by industrialist Walther Rathenau. The Second Wirth cabinet resigned on 14 November 1922 and was replaced on 22 November by the Cuno cabinet. Establishment Wirth's first government resigned on 22 October 1921 in protest over the partitioning of Upper Silesia decided on by the League of Nations which gave rise to what became known as the ''Genfer Ultimatum'' (the "Geneva Ultimatum"). President Friedri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Wirth Cabinet
The First Wirth cabinet (German: ''Erstes Kabinett Wirth'') was the fifth democratically elected ''Reichsregierung'' of the German Reich. It was named after ''Reichskanzler'' (chancellor) Joseph Wirth and took office on 10 May 1921 when it replaced the Fehrenbach cabinet. The cabinet was once again based on the "Weimar Coalition" of Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), the Catholic Zentrum and the German Democratic Party (DDP). Fehrenbach's cabinet had been based on the Zentrum, DDP and the German People's Party (DVP). The First Wirth cabinet resigned on 22 October 1921 in protest over the handling of the Upper Silesia plebiscite by the League of Nations. It was replaced on 26 October by another cabinet led by Wirth. Establishment and ''Londoner Ultimatum'' Wirth had been Finance Minister under chancellor Fehrenbach, whose cabinet had resigned on the evening of 4 May 1921 over its inability to agree on a new proposal to present to the Allies on the question of war ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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