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List Of English By-elections (1701–1707)
This is a list of parliamentary by-election A by-election, also known as a special election in the United States and the Philippines, a bye-election in Ireland, a bypoll in India, or a Zimni election (Urdu: ضمنی انتخاب, supplementary election) in Pakistan, is an election used to f ...s in England held between 1701 and 1707, with the names of the previous incumbent and the victor in the by-election. In the absence of a comprehensive and reliable source, for party and factional alignments in this period, no attempt is made to define them in this article. ''The House of Commons: 1690-1715'' provides some guidance to the complex and shifting political relationships, but it is significant that the compilers of that work make no attempt to produce a definitive list of each members allegiances. Dates During this period England counted its legal year as beginning on 25 March. For the purposes of this list the year is considered to have started on 1 January. By-elections The c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
By-election
A by-election, also known as a special election in the United States and the Philippines, a bye-election in Ireland, a bypoll in India, or a Zimni election (Urdu: ضمنی انتخاب, supplementary election) in Pakistan, is an election used to fill an office that has become vacant between general elections. A vacancy may arise as a result of an incumbent dying or resigning, or when the incumbent becomes ineligible to continue in office (because of a recall, election or appointment to a prohibited dual mandate, criminal conviction, or failure to maintain a minimum attendance), or when an election is invalidated by voting irregularities. In some cases a vacancy may be filled without a by-election or the office may be left vacant. Origins The procedure for filling a vacant seat in the House of Commons of England was developed during the Reformation Parliament of the 16th century by Thomas Cromwell; previously a seat had remained empty upon the death of a member. Cromwell de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Steyning (UK Parliament Constituency)
Steyning was a parliamentary borough in Sussex, England, which elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons sporadically from 1298 and continuously from 1467 until 1832. It was a notorious rotten borough, and was abolished by the Great Reform Act. History The borough comprised the small market town of Steyning in Sussex, which consisted of little more than a single long street; yet despite its size it not only elected its own two MPs but contained most of the borough of Bramber, which had two of its own. (Between the 13th and 15th centuries, Bramber and Steyning were a single borough returning MPs to most Parliaments, sometimes called by one name and sometimes by the other, but after 1467 both were separately represented. Until 1792 it was theoretically possible for a house to confer on its occupier a vote in both boroughs.) In 1831, the population of the borough was just over 1,000, and the town contained 218 houses. At the time of the Reform Act, the right ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sir Samuel Garrard, 4th Baronet
Sir Samuel Garrard, 4th Baronet ( – ) was an English merchant and Tory politician who sat in the English and British House of Commons between 1701 and 1710. He also served as Lord Mayor of London in 1709. Early life Garrard was born in 1650, the second son of Sir John Garrard, 2nd baronet, and his wife Jane Lambard, daughter of Sir Moulton Lambard of Westcombe. He was a grandson of the first baronet Sir John Garrard, and maternal grandson of Dr. John Cosin, Bishop of Durham. His family were connected with the city of London for more than two centuries and intermarriages took place between the Garrards and the city families of Roe, Gresham, and Barkham. Two of his ancestors were Lord Mayors, Sir William Garrard in 1555, and Sir John Garrard in 1601. Garrard carried on business as a merchant first in Watling Street and afterwards in Warwick Court, Newgate Street. He married Elizabeth Poyner, daughter of George Poyner of Codicote Bury, Hertfordshire on 16 October 1675. Af ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Cheyne, 2nd Viscount Newhaven
William Cheyne, 2nd Viscount Newhaven (14 July 1657 – 26 May 1728) was an English Tory politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1681 until 1707 when as a viscount in the Peerage of Scotland he was required to sit in the House of Lords. Life Cheyne was the son of Charles Cheyne, 1st Viscount Newhaven and his wife Lady Jane Cavendish, daughter of the first Duke of Newcastle . He matriculated at Brasenose College, Oxford on 14 July 1671 aged 14. In 1681, Cheyne was elected Member of Parliament for Amersham and sat until 1687. He was elected MP for Appleby in 1689 and sat until 1695. In 1696 he was elected MP for Buckinghamshire and held the seat until 1701. In that time he was three times also elected for Amersham, but chose to sit for Buckinghamshire. He succeeded to the title and the estates at Chelsea on the death of his father in 1698. He was re-elected MP for Buckinghamshire in 1702 and sat until 1705. He served as Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire for six months ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Cowper, 1st Earl Cowper
William Cowper, 1st Earl Cowper, ( ; 10 October 1723) was an English politician who became the first Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain. Cowper was the son of Sir William Cowper, 2nd Baronet, of Ratling Court, Kent, a Whig member of parliament of some mark in the two last Stuart reigns. Career and titles Cowper was educated at St Albans School in Hertfordshire, and was later to acquire a country estate in the county and represent the county town in Parliament. He was admitted to Middle Temple on 18 March 1681/82, was called to the bar on 25 May 1688, and built up a large practice. He gave his allegiance to the Prince of Orange on his landing in England in 1688, and was made King's Counsel and recorder of Colchester in 1694. Cowper had the reputation of being one of the most effective parliamentary orators of his generation. He lost his seat in parliament in 1702 owing to the unpopularity caused by the trial of his brother Spencer Cowper on a charge of murder. Lord Keeper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rowland Gwynne
Rowland Gwynne FRS (c. 1658 – 24 January 1726) of Llanelwedd, Radnorshire, was a Welsh Whig politician. Gwynne was born in about 1658, the eldest son of George Gwynne of Llanelwedd, by his wife Sybill, daughter of Roderick Gwynne, also of Llanelwedd. He succeeded to his father's estates in about 1673: at the time he was a very rich young man, but was later to waste his inheritance. He matriculated at St John's College, Oxford in 1674 aged 15, and was a law student at Gray's Inn in 1679. He was in royal service to Charles II as Gentleman of the Privy Chamber from 1671 to 1683 and was knighted by the king in 1680. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1681. He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Radnorshire in March 1679, October 1679, 1681, and 1689, for Breconshire in 1690, 1698, February 1702 and December 1701, and for Bere Alston in 1695. He was a lifelong Whig, a firm opponent of the religious policies of James II, and a strong supporter of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bere Alston (UK Parliament Constituency)
Bere Alston or Beeralston was a parliamentary borough in Devon, which elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons from 1584 until 1832, when the constituency was abolished by the Great Reform Act as a rotten borough. History Bere Alston was first summoned to return MPs in 1584; like many of the boroughs over the county boundary in Cornwall that were enfranchised during the reign of Elizabeth I, it had never been of much size and was a rotten borough from the start. Indeed, its first return of members specifically states that they had been elected at the request of The Marquess of Winchester and Lord Mountjoy, the chief landowners in the borough, and its enfranchisement plainly designed to allow them to nominate MPs. The borough consisted of most of the village of Bere Alston in the parish of Bere Ferris, 10 miles north of Plymouth. By the time of the Great Reform Act there were 112 houses within the borough boundaries, and 139 in the whole village. The pop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sir Edward Ernle, 3rd Baronet
Sir Edward Ernle, 3rd Baronet (c. 1673 – 1729) of Charborough in Dorset, of Brimslade Park and Etchilhampton, both in Wiltshire, was an English Whig politician who sat in the English and British House of Commons between 1695 and 1729. He had mixed fortunes in finding or holding a seat and often depended on his father-in-law to bring him into his own seat at Wareham when a vacancy arose. Early life Ernle was a younger son of Edward Ernle of Ashlington and Etchilhampton in Wiltshire (the eldest son and heir apparent of Sir Walter Ernle, 1st Baronet (–1682)) and his wife Anne Ashe, a daughter of Edward Ashe, MP, of Heytesbury, Wiltshire. Both his grandfathers were Members of Parliament. In 1690, he succeeded his brother, Walter, in the baronetcy. He married Frances Erle, the daughter and sole-heiress of General Thomas Erle (1650–1720), MP, of Charborough House, Dorset, by 1698 when he became a Whig. Career At the 1695 English general election, Ernle was returned as Member ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Erle
General Thomas Erle PC (1650 – 23 July 1720) of Charborough, Dorset, was a general in the English Army and, thereafter, the British Army. He was also a Whig politician who sat in the House of Commons of England and of Great Britain from 1678 to 1718. He was Governor of Portsmouth and a Lieutenant-General of the Ordnance. Life Erle was born in 1650, the second son of Thomas Erle and his wife Susanna Fiennes, daughter of William Fiennes, 1st Viscount Saye and Sele, of Charborough. He matriculated at Trinity College, Oxford, on 12 July 1667, aged 17 and was admitted at Middle Temple in 1669. In 1675, Erle married Elizabeth Wyndham (died 1710), daughter of Sir William Wyndham, 1st Baronet of Orchard Wyndham, Somerset. Erle succeeded his elder brother before 1665 and his grandfather to Charborough in 1665. In February 1679, Erle was returned unopposed as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Wareham (a pocket borough controlled by his family) into the first Exclusion Parliament. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wareham (UK Parliament Constituency)
Wareham was a parliamentary borough in Dorset, which elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons from 1302 until 1832, and then one member from 1832 until 1885, when the borough was abolished. History The borough consisted of the town of Wareham on the Isle of Purbeck, a market town close to Poole Harbour. In 1831, the population of the borough was 1,676, and it contained 364 houses. The right to vote was exercised by the Mayor, magistrates and freemen of the town and all inhabitants paying scot and lot; the number who were qualified to vote under this provision by the time of the Reform Act was unknown, as there had not been a contested election for many years, but there were about 500 in the 1760s. In the early 18th century a number of wealthy local families were influential over the choice of members, but eventually John Calcraft of Kingstone Hall secured total control by buying up all the property in the borough occupied by potential voters.Page 125, Le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sir John Hawles
Sir John Hawles (1645–1716), of Lincoln's Inn, was an English lawyer and Whig politician who sat in the English and British House of Commons between 1689 and 1710. Early life Hawles was born in the Close at Salisbury, the second son of Thomas Hawles of Moanton in Wiltshire, and his wife Elizabeth Antrobus of Hampshire, daughter of Thomas Antrobus of Heath House, Petersfield, Hampshire. His father, whose name is sometimes spelled Hollis, belonged to the family of Hawles of Upwimborne, Dorset. During the First English Civil War he was leader of the band known as the club men in Salisbury, who took the side of the parliament. John Hawles was educated at Winchester College, and matriculated at Queen's College, Oxford in 1662. He was admitted at Lincoln's Inn on 10 February 1664, and was called to the bar in 1670. Career At the 1689 English general election, the return for Old Sarum was declared void, and Hawles was returned as Member of Parliament for Old Sarum at the re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hugh Fortescue (MP) (1888–1958), British peer and Conservative politician
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Hugh Fortescue may refer to: * Hugh Fortescue (1665–1719), British politician * Hugh Fortescue, 1st Earl Clinton (1696–1751), British peer * Hugh Fortescue, 1st Earl Fortescue (1753–1841), British peer * Hugh Fortescue, 2nd Earl Fortescue (1783–1861), British Whig politician * Hugh Fortescue, 3rd Earl Fortescue (1818–1905), British peer and politician * Hugh Fortescue, 4th Earl Fortescue (1854–1932), English Liberal politician * Hugh Fortescue, 5th Earl Fortescue Hugh William Fortescue, 5th Earl Fortescue, (14 June 1888 – 14 June 1958), styled Viscount Ebrington from 1905 until 1932, of Castle Hill in the parish of Filleigh, of Weare Giffard Hall, both in Devon and of Ebrington Manor in Glouceste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
