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List Of Canadian Ambassadors To The United States
This is a list of ambassadors of Canada to the United States, formally titled as ''Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the United States of America for Her isMajesty's Government in Canada''. Originally, Canada's top diplomatic representative to the U.S. had the rank of Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. The title was promoted to the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary in 1943, during the period when Leighton McCarthy had the post. Before November 25, 1926, Canada was represented in Washington D.C. by the British ambassador to the United States. Most Canadian ambassadors to the United States have been political appointees to the position. A few (Chrétien, Pearson, Charles Ritchie, Edgar Ritchie, Kirsten Hillman, and Wrong) were career diplomats or spent most of their career at the Department of External Affairs (or its successors). Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary See al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Envoy Extraordinary And Minister Plenipotentiary
An envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, usually known as a minister, was a diplomatic head of mission who was ranked below ambassador. A diplomatic mission headed by an envoy was known as a legation rather than an embassy. Under the system of diplomatic ranks established by the Congress of Vienna (1815), an envoy was a diplomat of the second class who had plenipotentiary powers, i.e., full authority to represent the government. However, envoys did not serve as the personal representative of their country's head of state. Until the first decades of the 20th century, most diplomatic missions were legations headed by diplomats of the envoy rank. Ambassadors were only exchanged between great powers, close allies, and related monarchies. After World War II it was no longer considered acceptable to treat some nations as inferior to others, given the United Nations doctrine of equality of sovereign states. The rank of envoy gradually became obsolete as countries upgraded th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arnold Heeney
Arnold Danford Patrick Heeney, (April 5, 1902 – December 20, 1970) was a Canadian lawyer, diplomat and civil servant. He was born in Montreal, Quebec. He was educated at St. John's College, Winnipeg and received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1921 and a Master of Arts degree in 1923 both from the University of Manitoba. As the Manitoba Rhodes Scholar he went on to St. John's College, Oxford before returning to Canada, earning a Bachelor of Civil Law degree at McGill University. Specializing in Maritime law, in 1929 he joined the Montreal law firm of Meredith, Holden, Heward & Holden. In one of his last cases with the firm, he successfully represented F. R. Scott against the City of Westmount. In 1938, he took the position of Principal Secretary to Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King. From 1940 to 1949, he was Clerk of the Privy Council and Secretary to the Cabinet. He was perhaps the most important civil servant during World War II. In 1949, he became Under Secr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Derek Burney
Derek Hudson Burney, OC (born 1939) for a time served as Canada's ambassador to the US, and was political strategist for both the government of Brian Mulroney and of Stephen Harper. He was for a time an executive or director in private industry. He was Chancellor of Lakehead University 2013-2017. Early life Burney was born in Fort William, Ontario (now known as Thunder Bay) to George William Burney (1886–1951) of Westville, Nova Scotia, and Annie Mary MacKay (1906–1995), who was born in Durban, South Africa but grew up on the Isle of Lewis in the Scottish Hebrides. Collegiate_Institute._He_then_went_on_to_study_at_Queen's_University_at_Kingston.html" ;"title="Collegiate_institute.html" "title="Downtown Fort William, Ontario#Education">Fort William Collegiate_Institute._He_then_went_on_to_study_at_Queen's_University_at_Kingston">Queen's_University,_where_he_received_his_Collegiate_Institute._He_then_went_on_to_study_at_Queen's_University_at_Kingston">Queen's_University,_ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brian Mulroney
Martin Brian Mulroney ( ; born March 20, 1939) is a Canadian lawyer, businessman, and politician who served as the 18th prime minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993. Born in the eastern Quebec city of Baie-Comeau, Mulroney studied political science and law. He then moved to Montreal and gained prominence as a labour lawyer. After placing third in the 1976 Progressive Conservative leadership election, he was appointed president of the Iron Ore Company of Canada in 1977. He held that post until 1983, when he successfully became leader of the Progressive Conservatives. He then led the party to a landslide victory in the 1984 federal election, winning the second-largest percentage of seats in Canadian history (at 74.8 percent) and receiving over 50 percent of the popular vote. Mulroney later won a second majority government in 1988. Mulroney's tenure as prime minister was marked by the introduction of major economic reforms, such as the Canada–United States Free Trade Agreem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Turner
John Napier Wyndham Turner (June 7, 1929September 19, 2020) was a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the 17th prime minister of Canada from June to September 1984. He served as leader of the Liberal Party of Canada and leader of the Official Opposition from 1984 to 1990. Turner practised law before being elected as a member of Parliament in the 1962 federal election. He served in the cabinet of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau as minister of justice and attorney general from 1968 to 1972, and minister of finance from 1972 to 1975. As a cabinet minister, Turner came to be known as a leader of the Business Liberal faction of the Liberal Party. Amid a global recession and the prospect of having to implement unpopular wage and price controls, Turner resigned from his position in 1975. From 1975 to 1984, Turner took a hiatus from politics, working as a corporate lawyer on Bay Street. Trudeau's resignation in 1984 triggered a leadership election, in which Turner succe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allan Gotlieb
Allan Ezra Gotlieb, (February 28, 1928 – April 18, 2020) was a Canadians, Canadian public servant and author who served as the List of ambassadors of Canada to the United States, Canadian Ambassador to the United States from 1981 to 1989. Life and career Born in Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Gotlieb studied at United College (now the University of Winnipeg) for two years before transferring to the University of California, Berkeley, where he received his BA. He received his MA from the University of Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar, and his Bachelor of Laws, LL.B degree from Harvard University, where he was editor of the ''Harvard Law Review''. In 1957, he joined the Global Affairs Canada, Department of External Affairs. From 1960 to 1964, he served on Canada's Permanent Mission to the United Nations in Geneva and at the Conference on Disarmament. In 1965, he wrote the book ''Disarmament and International Law'', a book discussing disarmament during Cold War tensions. From 1967 to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joe Clark
Charles Joseph Clark (born June 5, 1939) is a Canadian statesman, businessman, writer, and politician who served as the 16th prime minister of Canada from 1979 to 1980. Despite his relative inexperience, Clark rose quickly in federal politics, entering the House of Commons in the 1972 election and winning the leadership of the Progressive Conservative Party in 1976. He won a minority government in the 1979 election, defeating the Liberal government of Pierre Trudeau and ending sixteen years of continuous Liberal rule. Taking office the day before his 40th birthday, Clark is the youngest person to become Prime Minister. Clark's tenure was brief as the minority government was brought down by a non-confidence vote on his first budget in December 1979. The budget defeat triggered the 1980 election. Clark and the Progressive Conservatives lost the election to Trudeau and the Liberals, who won a majority in the Commons and returned to power. Clark lost the leadership of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Towe
Peter Milburn Towe, (November 1, 1922 – January 29, 2015) was a Canadian diplomat and businessman. Born in London, Ontario, he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics from the University of Western Ontario and a Master of Arts degree in economics from Queen's University. During World War II, he served as an Officer with the Royal Canadian Air Force Bomber Command. He joined the Department of External Affairs in 1947. From 1972 to 1975, he was the Canadian representative to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. From 1975 to 1977, he was the Assistant Under-Secretary of State for External Affairs. From 1977 to 1981, he was the Canadian Ambassador to the United States of America. From 1981 to 1991, he was the chairman of the Petro-Canada International Assistance Corporation. In 1994, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada The Order of Canada (french: Ordre du Canada; abbreviated as OC) is a Canadian state order and the second-hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jake Warren
Jack Hamilton (Jake) Warren, OC (April 10, 1921 – April 1, 2008) was a diplomat, civil servant and banker. Jake Warren began his career with External Affairs in 1945 after serving in the Royal Canadian Navy during World War II, but served in civil service posts from the late 1950s to early 1970s: * Canadian representative to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, 1960–64 * Deputy Minister, Department of Trade and Commerce 1958-60 and 1964–71 He returned to the diplomatic roll as the Canadian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom from 1971 to 1974, then Canadian Ambassador to the United States from 1975 to 1977. He was Vice-Chairman and a Director of the Bank of Montreal from 1979 to 1986. From 1986 to 1990, he was the Deputy North America Chairman of the Trilateral Commission and served as trade advisor to the province of Quebec. In 1982, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada. Sources * External links Jack Hamilton Warrenat The Canadian Encyclopedia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcel Cadieux
Marcel Cadieux, (June 17, 1915 – March 19, 1981) was a Canadian civil servant and diplomat. Early life and education Cadieux was born in Montreal, Quebec. He studied at the Collège André Grasset, obtained a Master's degree in law from the Université de Montréal,Janice Gross Stein. Diplomacy in the Digital Age: Essays in Honour of Ambassador Allan Gotlieb'. Signal; 2011. . p. 38–. and studied constitutional law at McGill University in Montreal. Career Cadieux joined the Department of External Affairs in 1941,J. F. Bosher. The Gaullist Attack on Canada, 1967-1997'. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP; 2000. . p. 87–88. served as senior adviser to Canadian members of the International Control Commission in Vietnam in 1954, and became the legal advisor to the Department of External Affairs in 1956. A professor of international law at the University of Ottawa, he was the first Canadian to sit on the United Nations International Law Commission. From 1964 to 1970, he was Under ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Trudeau
Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau ( , ; October 18, 1919 – September 28, 2000), also referred to by his initials PET, was a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the 15th prime minister of Canada The prime minister of Canada (french: premier ministre du Canada, link=no) is the head of government of Canada. Under the Westminster system, the prime minister governs with the Confidence and supply, confidence of a majority the elected Hou ... from 1968 to 1979 and from 1980 to 1984. He also briefly served as the Leader of the Opposition (Canada), leader of the Opposition from 1979 to 1980. He served as leader of the Liberal Party of Canada from 1968 to 1984. Trudeau was born and raised in Montreal, Quebec; he rose to prominence as a lawyer, intellectual, and activist in Quebec politics. Although he aligned himself with the social democratic New Democratic Party, he felt that they could not achieve power, and instead joined the Liberal Party. He was e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Diefenbaker
John George Diefenbaker ( ; September 18, 1895 – August 16, 1979) was the 13th prime minister of Canada, serving from 1957 to 1963. He was the only Progressive Conservative party leader between 1930 and 1979 to lead the party to an election victory, doing so three times, although only once with a majority of the seats in the House of Commons. Diefenbaker was born in southwestern Ontario in the small town of Neustadt in 1895. In 1903, his family migrated west to the portion of the North-West Territories which would soon become the province of Saskatchewan. He grew up in the province and was interested in politics from a young age. After service in World War I, Diefenbaker became a noted criminal defence lawyer. He contested elections through the 1920s and 1930s with little success until he was finally elected to the House of Commons in 1940. Diefenbaker was repeatedly a candidate for the party leadership. He gained that position in 1956, on his third attempt. In 1957, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
