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List Of American Spies
This is a list of spies who engaged in direct espionage. It includes Americans spying against their own country and people spying on behalf of the United States. American Revolution era spies Spied for the Patriots * Hercules Mulligan * Abraham Woodhull * Benjamin Edes * Nathan Hale * Benjamin Tallmadge * Caleb Brewster * William H. Dobbs (Captain) * Clément Gosselin * Daniel Bissell * David Henley * Enoch Crosby * Ethan Allen * Henry K. Van Rensselaer * John Brown of Pittsfield * John Champe * John Clark * John Honeyman * John Laurens * Jonathan L. Austin * Lydia Darrah * Paul Revere * Philip Mazzei * Pierre Ayotte * Silas Deane * Van Rensselaer's Regiment * William BinghamFranklin Ben; and Morris, Robert (1776-07-08). "The Committee of Secret Correspondence to ilas Deane. "Philadelphia, July 8th, 1776." "Reprinted from The North American and United States Gazette (Philadelphia), October 12, 1855." Retrieved from http://franklinpapers.org/franklin/framedVolumes.jsp?v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hercules Mulligan
Hercules Mulligan (September 25, 1740March 4, 1825) was an Irish-American tailor and spy during the American Revolutionary War. He was a member of the Sons of Liberty. Early life Born in Coleraine in the north of Ireland to Hugh and Sarah Mulligan, Hercules Mulligan immigrated with his family to North America in 1746, settling in New York City, where he was raised from the age of six. Mulligan attended King's College, now Columbia University, in New York City. After graduating, Mulligan worked as a clerk for his father's accounting business. He later went on to open a tailoring and haberdashery business, catering to wealthy officers of the British Crown forces. On October 27, 1773, Mulligan married Elizabeth Sanders at Trinity Church (Manhattan), Trinity Church, established by the Church of England. Sanders was the niece of Admiral (Royal Navy), Admiral Charles Saunders (Royal Navy officer), Charles Sanders of the British Royal Navy. The couple had eight children: five daughter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Laurens
John Laurens (October 28, 1754 – August 27, 1782) was an American soldier and statesman from Province of South Carolina, South Carolina during the American Revolutionary War, best known for his criticism of slavery and his efforts to help recruit slaves to fight for their freedom as U.S. soldiers. In 1779, Laurens gained approval from the Continental Congress for his plan to recruit a brigade of 3,000 slaves by promising them freedom in return for fighting. The plan was defeated by political opposition in South Carolina. Laurens was killed in the Battle of the Combahee River in August 1782. Early life and education John Laurens was born in Charleston, South Carolina, on October 28, 1754, to Henry Laurens and Eleanor Ball Laurens, both of whose families were prosperous as Planter (American South), planters cultivating rice. By the 1750s, Henry Laurens and his business partner George Austin had become wealthy as owners of one of the largest slave trading houses in North Americ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarah Townsend (spy)
Sarah "Sally" Townsend (c.1760–1842) was thought to be an informant for George Washington's Culper Ring, a spy ring founded in the summer of 1778. Townsend lived in Oyster Bay and passed information to her brother, Robert Townsend, a main member of the ring. She died in December 1842 and is buried at the Townsend Cemetery. The Culper Spy Ring The Culper Spy Ring was assembled in 1778 by Major Benjamin Tallmadge on orders of George Washington. The ring was to be formed inside New York City, the site of British intelligence headquarters. Townsend's brother Robert was recruited to gather intelligence inside the city under the alias "Culper Jr." Washington placed special emphasis on the true identities of agents remaining secret and using aliases, and none were able to meet him in person. This was designed to avoid spies being captured and hanged, as Nathan Hale was two years prior to the ring's formation. British officers were stationed at the Townsend home including John Graves ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Townsend (spy)
Robert Townsend (November 25, 1753 – March 7, 1838) was a member of the Culper Ring during the American Revolution. He operated in New York City with the aliases "Samuel Culper, Jr." and "723" and gathered information as a service to General George Washington. He is one of the least-known operatives in the spy ring and once demanded Abraham Woodhull ("Samuel Culper") never to tell his name to anyone, even to Washington. Early life Townsend was the third son of eight children of Samuel and Sarah Townsend from Oyster Bay, New York. His father was a Whig-slanted politician who owned a store in Oyster Bay. Little is known about his early life. His mother was an Episcopalian and his father was a liberal Quakera 1789 documentfrom the Oyster Bay Baptist Church shows Samuel registered as a Baptist). His father arranged an apprenticeship during his mid-teens with the merchant firm of Templeton and Stewart, where Robert lived and worked among soldiers and residents of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austin Roe
Austin Roe (March 2, 1748November 28, 1830) was a member of the Culper Ring, a successful spy network during the American War of Independence that was organized in 1778 by George Washington. Early life Austin Roe was born March 2, 1748 in Port Jefferson, New York. He married Catherine Jones, and the couple had eight children. His great-grandson, Justus Roe, was the inventor of the modern day retractable carpenter's tape measure. Career Roe was the owner of a tavern in East Setauket. "Roe's Tavern" is an extant structure (now a privately owned residence) where George Washington stayed overnight during his 1790 tour of Long Island. Culper ring Background In December 1778, General George Washington's chief of intelligence—and Culper Ring spymaster Major Benjamin Tallmadge—recruited Jonas Hawkins as a clandestine courier to bring messages to Setuaket from New York City, where the group's leader, Abraham Woodhull was gathering information. From there, the coded corresponde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anna Strong (spy)
Anna Smith Strong (April 14, 1740 – August 12, 1812) of Setauket, New York was an American Patriot, and she may have been one of the only female members of the Culper Spy Ring during the American Revolution. Her perceived main contribution in the ring was to relay signals to a courier who ran smuggling and military missions for General George Washington. No information has been found concerning Anna's activities after the war other than that she and her husband, Selah Strong, lived quietly in Setauket for the rest of their lives. She died on August 12, 1812. Family Anna married Selah Brewster Strong III (December 25, 1737 – July 4, 1812) who was a delegate to the first three provincial congresses in colonial New York. He also was a captain in the New York militia in 1776. He was imprisoned in the sugar house at New York City as a presumed spy, according to Rivington's ''Gazette'' of January 3, 1778. Family knowledge has him later imprisoned on the prison ship HMS ''Jersey ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agent 355
355 (died after 1780) was the code name of a female spy during the American Revolution, part of the Culper Ring. She was one of the first spies for the United States, but her real identity is unknown. The number 355 could be decrypted from the system the Culper Ring used to mean "lady." Biography The only direct reference to 355 in any of the Culper Ring's missives (1778–1780) appears in a letter from Abraham Woodhull ("Samuel Culper Sr.") to General George Washington, where Woodhull describes her as "one who hath been ever serviceable to this correspondence." The true identity of 355 remains unknown, but some facts about her seem clear. She worked with the American Patriots during the Revolutionary War as a spy, and was likely recruited by Woodhull into the spy ring. The way the code is constructed indicates that she may have had "some degree of social prominence." She was likely living in New York City at the time, and at some point had contact with Major John Andrà ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Bingham
William Bingham (March 8, 1752February 7, 1804) was an American statesman from Philadelphia. He was a delegate for Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress from 1786 to 1788 and served in the United States Senate from 1795 to 1801. Bingham was one of the wealthiest men in the United States during his lifetime, and was considered to be the richest person in the U.S. in 1780. Early life William Bingham was born on March 8, 1752, in Philadelphia. He graduated from the College of Philadelphia (now the University of Pennsylvania) in 1768. Philadelphia Society Bingham first travelled to Europe in 1773 and, upon, returning to America joined the Philadelphia Society. Sent by the Committee of Secret Correspondence to Martinico (today's Martinique), to reside ostensibly as a merchant and to establish communications through that colony with Silas Deane, the committee's agent in France. He departed America aboard the frigate ''Reprisal'' on July 3, 1776. During his voyages, he established ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Van Rensselaer's Regiment
Van Rensselaer's 4th Regiment of Militia was a regiment of Militia (United States), militia raised in Albany County, New York, during the American Revolutionary War. Raised by Colonel Kiliaen van Rensselaer (colonel), Kiliaen van Rensselaer in 1775, and drawing men from the Manor of Rensselaerswyck, the regiment was also known as the 2nd Rensselaerwyck Battalion and consisted of seven Company (military unit), companies. As a militia unit, the regiment was composed of male citizens aged between 15 and 55. They were required to serve when "called upon" for indefinite periods, but the conditions of their service meant that they could not be deployed out of the state of New York for more than three months at a time. When required, the militia supported the units of the Continental Army in battle, and undertook garrison duties in their local area. See also *Albany County militia References Van Rensselaer's Regiment, Albany County, New York {{US-mil-hist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silas Deane
Silas Deane (September 23, 1789) was an American merchant, politician, and diplomat, and a supporter of American independence. Deane served as a delegate to the Continental Congress, where he signed the Continental Association, and then became the first foreign diplomat from the United States to France, where he helped negotiate the 1778 Treaty of Alliance that allied France with the United States during the American Revolutionary War. Near the end of the war, Congress charged Deane with financial impropriety, and the British intercepted and published some letters in which he had implied that the American cause was hopeless. After the war, Deane lived in Ghent and London and died under mysterious circumstances while attempting to return to America. Early life and family Deane was born on in Groton, Connecticut, to blacksmith Silas Deane and his wife Hannah Barker. The younger Silas was able to obtain a full scholarship to Yale and graduated in 1758. In April 1759, he was hired ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Ayotte
Pierre Ayotte was a French-Canadian soldier and fur trader who served with American revolutionary foreces during the American Revolutionary War. Ayotte, who was an inhabitant of Kamouraska, was just as devoted to the revolutionary cause as other Quebecois soldiers on the American side of the conflict such as Clément Gosselin, with whom he served in the 2nd Canadian Regiment. Both Ayotte and Gosselin were Canadian volunteers who first served with General Richard Montgomery, then went on to become recruiters and agitators for American revolutionary groups on the south shore of the lower portion of the Saint Lawrence River. Following Montgomery's death at the Battle of Quebec, the two became captains in Colonel Jeremiah Duggan's Canadian regiment. The Continental Congress subsequently transferred command of the regiment to Moses Hazen. Ayotte helped to raise troops for the American cause and fought at the Battle of Saint-Pierre. He was captured near Quebec City in May 1776. Once th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philip Mazzei
Filippo Mazzei (, but sometimes erroneously cited with the name of Philip Mazzie; Poggio a Caiano, December 25, 1730 – Pisa, March 19, 1816) was an Italian physician, winemaker, and arms dealer. A close friend of Thomas Jefferson, Mazzei acted as an agent to purchase arms for Virginia during the American Revolutionary War. Biography Mazzei was born Filippo Mazzei in Poggio a Caiano (Prato) in Tuscany as a son of Domenico and Elisabetta. He studied medicine in Florence and practiced in Italy and the Middle East for several years before moving to London in 1755 to take up a mercantile career as an importer. In London he worked as a teacher of Italian language. While in London he met the Americans Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson of Virginia. While doing work for Franklin, Mazzei shared his idea of importing Tuscan products, wine and olive trees, to the New World. They convinced him to undertake his next venture. On September 2, 1773, Mazzei boarded a ship from Livorno to V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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