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Life And Death (Go)
Life and death (死活) is a fundamental concept in the game of Go, where the status of a distinct ''group'' of ''stones'' is determined as either being "alive", where they may remain on the board indefinitely, or "dead", where the group will be lost as "captured". The basic idea can be summarized by: :''A group must have a means to evade capture forever, by securing at least two liberties that can't be filled at the same time (often through two "eyes") to live.'' Explanation The concept of ''Life and death'' is a consequence of two basic Go rules. * ''A group of stones with no liberties is captured.'' * ''A stone may not be played on a position where it will be captured directly, unless it directly captures another group.'' Because of these rules, some groups can never be captured (''alive''), while others cannot avoid capture (''dead''). The group at a is not alive, but may become alive, so is ''unsettled''. The group at b is ''dead''. The group at c and d is ''alive' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Game
A game is a structured form of play (activity), play, usually undertaken for enjoyment, entertainment or fun, and sometimes used as an educational tool. Many games are also considered to be work (such as professional players of spectator sports or games) or art (such as jigsaw puzzles or games involving an artistic layout such as Mahjong, solitaire, or some video games). Games are sometimes played purely for enjoyment, sometimes for achievement or reward as well. They can be played alone, in teams, or online; by amateurs or by professionals. The players may have an audience of non-players, such as when people are entertained by watching a World Chess Championship, chess championship. On the other hand, players in a game may constitute their own audience as they take their turn to play. Often, part of the entertainment for children playing a game is deciding who is part of their audience and who is a player. A toy and a game are not the same. Toys generally allow for unrestr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Go (game)
Go is an abstract strategy board game for two players in which the aim is to surround more territory than the opponent. The game was invented in China more than 2,500 years ago and is believed to be the oldest board game continuously played to the present day. A 2016 survey by the International Go Federation's 75 member nations found that there are over 46 million people worldwide who know how to play Go and over 20 million current players, the majority of whom live in East Asia. The playing pieces are called stones. One player uses the white stones and the other, black. The players take turns placing the stones on the vacant intersections (''points'') of a board. Once placed on the board, stones may not be moved, but stones are removed from the board if the stone (or group of stones) is surrounded by opposing stones on all orthogonally adjacent points, in which case the stone or group is ''captured''. The game proceeds until neither player wishes to make another move. Wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Go Terms
Players of the game of Go often use jargon to describe situations on the board and surrounding the game. Such technical terms are likely to be encountered in books and articles about Go in English as well as other languages. Many of these terms have been borrowed from Japanese, mostly when no short equivalent English term could be found. This article gives an overview of the most important terms. Use of Japanese terms Although Go originated in China, the current English and Western technical vocabulary borrows a high proportion of terms from the Japanese language because it was through Japan that the West was introduced to Go. Many of these terms are from a jargon used for technical Go writing and are to some extent specially developed for Go journalism. Some authors of English-language Go materials avoid use of Japanese technical terms, and the way they are applied can differ in subtle ways from the original meanings. A few Korean-language terms have come into use (e.g., ''ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Go Ranks And Ratings
There are various systems of Go ranks and ratings that measure the skill in the traditional board game Go. Traditionally, Go rankings have been measured using a system of dan and kyu ranks. Especially in amateur play, these ranks facilitate the handicapping system, with a difference of one rank roughly corresponding to one free move at the beginning of the game. This system is also commonly used in many East Asian martial arts, where it often corresponds with a belt color. With the ready availability of calculators and computers, rating systems have been introduced. In such systems, a rating is rigorously calculated on the basis of game results. Kyu and dan ranks Traditionally, the level of players has been defined using ''kyu'' and ''dan'' ranks. Kyu ranks are considered ''student'' ranks. Dan ranks are considered ''master'' ranks. Beginners who have just learned the rules of the game are usually around 30th kyu. As they progress, they advance numerically downwards through th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shape (Go)
In the game of Go, shape describes the positional qualities of a group of stones. Descriptions of shapes in go revolve around how well a group creates or removes life and territory. ''Good shape'' can refer to the efficient use of stones in outlining territory, the strength of a group in a prospective fight, or making eye shapes so that a group may live. ''Bad shapes'' are inefficient in outlining territory and are heavy. Heavy groups cannot easily make eye shapes and are therefore good targets for attack. Understanding and recognizing the difference between good shape and bad is an essential step in becoming a stronger player. Shape is not a rule; the surrounding position must always be taken into account. While it is useful for beginners to learn the common good and bad shapes presented here, sometimes a usually bad shape can be the best shape to play locally. This can be true if it forces the opponent to create an equally bad or worse shape, or if it accomplishes a specific tact ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetromino
A tetromino is a geometric shape composed of four squares, connected orthogonally (i.e. at the edges and not the corners). Tetrominoes, like dominoes and pentominoes, are a particular type of polyomino. The corresponding polycube, called a tetracube, is a geometric shape composed of four cubes connected orthogonally. A popular use of tetrominoes is in the video game ''Tetris'' created by the Soviet game designer Alexey Pajitnov, which refers to them as tetriminos. The tetrominoes used in the game are specifically the one-sided tetrominoes. The tetrominoes Free tetrominoes Polyominos are formed by joining unit squares along their edges. A free polyomino is a polyomino considered up to congruence. That is, two free polyominos are the same if there is a combination of translations, rotations, and reflections that turns one into the other. A free tetromino is a free polyomino made from four squares. There are five free tetrominoes. The free tetrominoes have the following symmetry: * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentomino
Derived from the Greek word for ' 5', and "domino", a pentomino (or 5-omino) is a polyomino of order 5, that is, a polygon in the plane made of 5 equal-sized squares connected edge-to-edge. When rotations and reflections are not considered to be distinct shapes, there are 12 different '' free'' pentominoes. When reflections are considered distinct, there are 18 '' one-sided'' pentominoes. When rotations are also considered distinct, there are 63 ''fixed'' pentominoes. Pentomino tiling puzzles and games are popular in recreational mathematics. Usually, video games such as ''Tetris'' imitations and ''Rampart'' consider mirror reflections to be distinct, and thus use the full set of 18 one-sided pentominoes. Each of the twelve pentominoes satisfies the Conway criterion; hence every pentomino is capable of tiling the plane. Each chiral pentomino can tile the plane without being reflected. History The earliest puzzle containing a complete set of pentominoes appeared in Henry D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ko Fight
A ''ko'' (Japanese: コウ, 劫, ''kō'', from the translation of the Sanskrit term kalpa) fight is a tactical and strategic phase that can arise in the game of go. ''Ko'' threats and ''ko'' fights The existence of ''ko'' fights is implied by the rule of ko, a special rule of the game that prevents immediate repetition of position, by a short 'loop' in which a single stone is captured, and another single stone immediately taken back. The rule states that the immediate recapture is forbidden, for one turn only. This gives rise to the following procedure: the 'banned' player makes a play, which may have no particular good qualities, but which demands an instant reply. Then the ban has come to its end, and recapture is possible. This kind of distracting play is termed a ''ko threat''. If White, say, chooses to play a ko threat, and Black responds to the threat instead of ending the ko in some fashion, then White can recapture the stone that began the ko. This places Black in the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Area Counting
The rules of Go have seen some variation over time and from place to place. This article discusses those sets of rules broadly similar to the ones currently in use in East Asia. Even among these, there is a degree of variation. Notably, Chinese and Japanese rules differ in a number of aspects. The most significant of these are the scoring method, together with attendant differences in the manner of ending the game. While differences between sets of rules may have moderate strategic consequences on occasion, they do not change the character of the game. The different sets of rules usually lead to the same game result, so long as the players make minor adjustments near the end of the game. Differences in the rules are said to cause problems in perhaps one in every 10,000 games in competition. This article first presents a simple set of rules which are, except for wording, identical to those usually referred to as the Tromp–Taylor Rules, themselves close in most essential respect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Go Proverb
Go, GO, G.O., or Go! may refer to: Arts and entertainment Games and sport * Go (game), a board game for two players * '' Travel Go'' (formerly ''Go – The International Travel Game''), a game based on world travel * Go, the starting position located at the corner of the board in the board game ''Monopoly'' * ''Go'', a 1992 game for the Philips CD-i video game system * ''Go'', a large straw battering ram used in the Korean sport of Gossaum * Go!, a label under which U.S. Gold published ZX Spectrum games * Go route, a pattern run in American football * ''Go'' series, a turn-based, puzzle video game series by Square Enix, based on various Square Enix franchises * '' Counter-Strike: Global Offensive'' (''CS:GO''), a first-person shooter developed by Valve * ''Pokémon Go'', an augmented reality game Film * ''Go'' (1999 film), American film * ''Go'' (2001 film), a Japanese film * ''Go'' (2007 film), a Bollywood film * ''Go Karts'' (film), an Australian film also titled as ''Go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ko Threat
A ''ko'' (Japanese: コウ, 劫, ''kō'', from the translation of the Sanskrit term kalpa) fight is a tactical and strategic phase that can arise in the game of go. ''Ko'' threats and ''ko'' fights The existence of ''ko'' fights is implied by the rule of ko, a special rule of the game that prevents immediate repetition of position, by a short 'loop' in which a single stone is captured, and another single stone immediately taken back. The rule states that the immediate recapture is forbidden, for one turn only. This gives rise to the following procedure: the 'banned' player makes a play, which may have no particular good qualities, but which demands an instant reply. Then the ban has come to its end, and recapture is possible. This kind of distracting play is termed a ''ko threat''. If White, say, chooses to play a ko threat, and Black responds to the threat instead of ending the ko in some fashion, then White can recapture the stone that began the ko. This places Black in the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsumego
is the Japanese term for a type of go problem based on life-and-death. The term likely comes from , as means checkmating in shogi but has different meanings in go. ''Tsumego'' problems are common in newspaper columns. ''Tsumego'' problems have been found in Chinese books dating back to around the 13th century. They were presumably composed and collected from actual games much earlier. They range from situations that occur quite commonly, which every strong player ought to be familiar with, to deliberately difficult puzzles. Some books of the latter type are still used for professional training. Several conventions are used in the problems. The objective is to kill a group or prevent it from being killed. Problems do not specify how many plays are in the solution (as would be usual in a chess problem), because the goal of the problem is rarely to capture stones; as soon as the correct first move is played, the threatened group can be considered alive (or dead). Solution diagr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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_-_exemple_de_triple_ko.png "Click for more on -> Ko Fight")