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Letter Of 34
''Letter of 34'' – two-sentence protest letter of Polish intellectuals against censorship in Communist Poland, addressed to the Prime Minister Józef Cyrankiewicz, delivered on 14 March 1964 to by Antoni Słonimski. The name refers to the number of signatories. The letter Original Do Prezesa Rady Ministrów Józefa Cyrankiewicza ''Ograniczenia przydziału papieru na druk książek i czasopism oraz zaostrzenie cenzury prasowej stwarza sytuację zagrażającą rozwojowi kultury narodowej. Niżej podpisani, uznając istnienie opinii publicznej, prawa do krytyki, swobodnej dyskusji i rzetelnej informacji za konieczny element postępu, powodowani troską obywatelską, domagają się zmiany polskiej polityki kulturalnej w duchu praw zagwarantowanych przez konstytucję państwa polskiego i zgodnych z dobrem narodu.'' Translation to English To the Prime Minister Józef Cyrankiewicz ''Restrictions on the allocation of paper for printing books and magazines and the tightening of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antoni Slonimski Polish Writer
Antoni is a Catalan language, Catalan, Polish language, Polish, and Slovene language, Slovene given name and a surname used in the eastern part of Spain, Poland and Slovenia. As a Catalan given name it is a variant of the male names Anton (given name), Anton and Antonio. As a Polish given name it is a variant of the female names Antonia (name), Antonia and Antonina (name), Antonina. As a Slovene name it is a variant of the male names Anton (given name), Anton, Antonij and Antonijo and the female name Antonija. As a surname it is derived from the Antonius root name. It may refer to: Given name * Antoni Brzeżańczyk, Polish football player and manager * Antoni Derezinski, Northern Irish Strongman * Antoni Gaudi, Catalan architect * Antoni Kenar, Polish sculptor * Antoni Lima, Catalan footballer * Antoni Lomnicki, Polish mathematician * Antoni Melchior Fijałkowski, Polish bishop * Antoni Niemczak, Polish long-distance runner * Józef Antoni Poniatowski, Polish prince and Marshal of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anna Kowalska
Anna Kowalska nee Chrzanowska (26 April 1903 – 7 March 1969) was a Polish writer and diarist. Biography Early years and education Before the war, Chrzanowska lived and worked in Lviv, during the war - in Warsaw. As a native of Lviv, even after the war she felt a bond with the city of her childhood and youth, which she would reveal later in her work. She studied classical philology and graduated in romance studies at the University of Lviv. Knowledge of Greek and Latin, German, and especially fluent knowledge of French, which she mastered with confidence, along with a lively and absorbent intellectual sensitivity, allowed her to read in the original the works of the classics, and also to closely follow modern Western culture. Marriage In 1924, Anna Chrzanowska's married her professor, Jerzy Kowalski, classical philologist at the University of Lviv, who was 10 years older than her. In the interwar period, they traveled a lot around Europe: they visited, among others, Italy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adam Ważyk
Adam Ważyk born Ajzyk Wagman (November 17, 1905 – August 13, 1982) was a Polish poet, essayist and writer born to a Jewish family in Warsaw. In his early career, he was associated with the Kraków avant-garde led by Tadeusz Peiper who published ''Zwrotnica'' monthly. Ważyk wrote several collections of poetry in Polish Second Republic, the interwar years. His work during this period focused largely on the losses of World War I. As a member of the Communist Party of Poland, Ważyk belonged to a group of left-wing writers active in Warsaw in the 1930s. At the onset of World War II he escaped to Lviv, Lwów in the Occupation of Poland (1939–1945), Soviet occupied part of Poland, where he published articles for ''Czerwony Sztandar (Lviv newspaper), Czerwony Sztandar'' (''Red Banner''). Later, he joined the First Polish Army (1944–1945), Berling Army as Political commissar, political officer. After the war he was a very influential person. Initially a strong supporter of c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melchior Wańkowicz
Melchior Wańkowicz (10 January 1892 – 10 September 1974) was a Polish army officer, popular writer, political journalist and publisher. He is most famous for his reporting for the Polish Armed Forces in the West during World War II and writing a book about the battle of Monte Cassino. Biography Melchior Wańkowicz was born on 10 January 1892 in Kalużyce in the Minsk Governorate of the Russian Empire, now Kolyuzhitsa, Byerazino Raion, Minsk Region, Belarus. He attended school in Warsaw, then the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, which he graduated from in 1922. An activist in the Polish independence movement, he was an officer in the Riflemen Union (Związek Strzelecki). During the First World War he fought in the Polish I Corps in Russia under General Józef Dowbor-Muśnicki. After the war he worked as a journalist, for a time working as a chief of the press department in the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs. In 1926 he founded a publishing agency, "Rój". He also work ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jerzy Turowicz
Jerzy Turowicz (; 10 December 1912 – 27 January 1999) was a leading Polish Catholic journalist and editor for much of the post-Second World War period. He was editor of the Catholic weekly ''Tygodnik Powszechny'' from 1945 until his death in 1999, except for three years in the early 1950s. Early life and education Turowicz was born on 10 December 1912 in Kraków, Poland, the son of Klotylda (Turnau) and August Turowicz, a judge. In 1930, he joined a Catholic youth organization, called ''Rebirth''. He graduated from Jagiellonian University in 1939 with a degree in philosophy. Career and activities Turowicz was appointed chief editor of ''Głos Narodu'' in 1939. During World War II, he worked in the underground journals. In 1945, he became editor of the Catholic weekly ''Tygodnik Powszechny'', which he also cofounded. It was financed by Adam Sapieha, Archbishop of Kraków. However, there is another report, arguing that Sapieha was loosely related to the weekly. Turowicz ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Władysław Tatarkiewicz
Władysław Tatarkiewicz (; 3 April 1886, Warsaw – 4 April 1980, Warsaw) was a Polish philosopher, historian of philosophy, historian of art, esthetician, and ethicist. Early life and education Tatarkiewicz began his higher education at Warsaw University. When it was closed by the Russian Imperial authorities in 1905, he was forced to continue his education abroad in Marburg, Germany, where he studied from 1907 to 1910. Career As he describes in his ''Memoirs'', it was a chance encounter with a male relative, whose height made him stand out above the crowd at a Kraków railroad station, upon the outbreak of World War I that led Tatarkiewicz to spend the war years in Warsaw. There he began his career as a lecturer in philosophy, teaching at a girls' school on Mokotowska Street, across the street from where Józef Piłsudski was to reside during his first days after World War I. During World War I, when the Polish University of Warsaw was opened under the sponsorship of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Szczepański (sociologist)
Jan Szczepański (14 September 1913 – 16 April 2004) was a Polish sociologist and politician. Professor of University of Łódź, its rector from 1952 to 1956. His works concentrated on theory of sociology, history of sociology, as well as studying of transformations of social structure. He was a politician in People's Republic of Poland, deputy to Sejm and member of the Polish Council of State from 1977 to 1982. He was a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Szczepański retired in 1982. He was the sixth president of the International Sociological Association (1966-1970). Biography Szczepanski was born in Ustroń, in Cieszyn Silesia. He studied and received his doctorate at the University of Poznan, where he was a senior assistant to Florian Znaniecki. From 1945 to 1970 he worked at the University of Lodz. In 1951 he became a full professor there, and from 1952 to 1956 he was the rector. See also * Piotr Sztompka Piotr Sztompka (born 2 March 1944, in Warsaw, Pol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wacław Sierpiński
Wacław Franciszek Sierpiński (; 14 March 1882 – 21 October 1969) was a Polish mathematician. He was known for contributions to set theory (research on the axiom of choice and the continuum hypothesis), number theory, theory of functions, and topology. He published over 700 papers and 50 books. Three well-known fractals are named after him (the Sierpiński triangle, the Sierpiński carpet, and the Sierpiński curve), as are Sierpiński numbers and the associated Sierpiński problem. Educational background Sierpiński enrolled in the Department of Mathematics and Physics at the University of Warsaw in 1899 and graduated four years later. In 1903, while still at the University of Warsaw, the Department of Mathematics and Physics offered a prize for the best essay from a student on Voronoy's contribution to number theory. Sierpiński was awarded a gold medal for his essay, thus laying the foundation for his first major mathematical contribution. Unwilling for his work to be pub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artur Sandauer
Artur Sandauer (14 December 1913, Sambir – 15 July 1989, Warsaw) was a Polish and Jewish literary critic, essayist and professor at the University of Warsaw. He coined the term allosemitism in a book published in 1982. Sandauer was married to Polish-Jewish painter Erna Rosenstein Erna Rosenstein (17 May 1913 – 10 November 2004) was a surrealist painter and poet. Biography She was the daughter of an Austrian-Jewish judge and Ukrainian mom. She was born in the town of Lemberg, Austria-Hungary. In 1918 they moved .... References 1913 births 1989 deaths Jewish Polish writers Polish theatre critics Polish essayists Male essayists Polish translators University of Warsaw faculty Jews from Galicia (Eastern Europe) People from Sambir Recipients of the Order of Polonia Restituta Burials at Powązki Military Cemetery 20th-century translators Polish male non-fiction writers {{Poland-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adolf Rudnicki
Adolf Rudnicki, born Aron Hirschhorn (February 19, 1912, Żabno − November 14, 1990, Warsaw) was a Polish author and essayist, best known for his works about The Holocaust and the Jewish resistance in Poland during World War II. Biography He was born to a Hasidic Jewish family. After attended a trade school, he worked as a bank clerk. His writing career began in 1930 when he published his short novel ''Death of the Operator'' in the current events journal '. He first gained popularity in Poland with his 1930s novels ''The Unloved'' and ''The Rats''. He was captured by the Nazis during the invasion of Poland, but managed to escape. After a brief period of service in the Polish Army, he went to Lwów and joined the National Jewish Committee. Around 1942, he returned to Warsaw and was active in the underground. He joined the Home Army in 1944 and took part in the Warsaw Uprising. After the war, he published the novels ''The Golden Windows'' and ''The Merchant of Lodz'', and the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Parandowski
__NOTOC__ Jan Parandowski (11 May 1895 – 26 September 1978) was a Polish writer, essayist, and translator. Best known for his works relating to classical antiquity, he was also the president of the Polish International PEN, PEN Club between 1933 and 1978, with a break during World War II. He was born in Lwów, Austria-Hungary and died in Warsaw. Biography Jan Parandowski graduated from Jan Długosz High School, in Lemberg, Austria-Hungary (now Lviv, Ukraine). In 1913 he began his studies at the University of Lemberg, in the philosophy department. There he studied philosophy, classical philology, archeology, art history, and Polish literature. His studies were interrupted by World War I, during which he was interned in Russia, and consequently taught at schools in Voronezh and Saratov. From 1920 he continued his studies, and in 1923 received his master's degree in classical philology and archeology. From 1922 to 1924 he was the literary chief for publisher Alfred Altenberg, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanisław Mackiewicz
Stanisław "Cat" Mackiewicz (18 December 1896 in Saint Petersburg, Russia – 18 February 1966 in Warsaw, Poland) was a conservative Polish writer, journalist and monarchist. Interwar journalist Adolf Maria Bocheński called him the foremost political journalist of the interbellum Second Polish Republic. Life Mackiewicz was born into a Polish family that had historically used the '' Bożawola'' coat-of-arms. Mackiewicz joined the Polish Military Organisation in 1917 and served as a volunteer in the Polish Army during the Polish-Soviet War of 1919–21. He published and the editor-in-chief of the independent Wilno (Vilnius) periodical titled "Słowo," wholly financially supported by the noble families of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania. He actively promoted the idea of the so-called Jagellonian Poland, i.e., return to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth style of governance in Eastern Europe. He supported Józef Piłsudski [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
