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Lepidomicrosorium
''Lepidomicrosorium'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Microsoroideae, with a single species, ''Lepidomicrosorium subhastatum'', according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). Other sources do not accept the genus, submerging it into ''Tricholepidium'', with ''Lepidomicrosorium subhastatum'' becoming ''Tricholepidium buergerianum'' (Miq.) Fraser-Jenk. Phylogeny A molecular phylogenetic study in 2019 suggested that ''Lepidomicrosorium'' was one of a group of closely related genera in the subfamily Microsoroideae, a group the authors termed "''Lepisorus'' sensu lato ''Sensu'' is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular c ...". Its sole species was embedded in a clade in which none of the genera appeared to be monophyletic: Refe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microsoroideae
Microsoroideae is a subfamily in the fern family Polypodiaceae in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). The subfamily is also treated as the tribe Microsoreae within a very broadly defined family Polypodiaceae ''sensu lato''. In either treatment, it includes the previously separated tribe Lepisoreae. Taxonomy The taxonomy of the subfamily Microsoroideae has been described as "highly problematic". The division into genera varies considerably. The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) recognized the following genera, while accepting that some needed further evaluation: :*'' Goniophlebium'' (Blume) C.Presl :*''Lecanopteris'' Reinw. ex Blume :*'' Lemmaphyllum'' C.Presl :*'' Lepidomicrosorium'' Ching & K.H.Shing :*'' Lepisorus'' (J.Sm.) Ching :*'' Leptochilus'' Kaulf. (including ''Kontumia'') :*''Microsorum'' Link (including ''Dendroconche'', ''Kaulinia'') :*'' Neocheiropteris'' Christ. :*'' Neolepisorus'' Ching :*'' Paragramma'' ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tricholepidium
''Tricholepidium'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Microsoroideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). Taxonomy ''Tricholepidium'' was first described by Ren-Chang Ching in 1978. A molecular phylogenetic study in 2019 suggested that ''Tricholepidium'' was one of a group of closely related genera in the subfamily Microsoroideae, a group the authors termed "''Lepisorus'' sensu lato". Its species were embedded in a clade in which none of the genera appeared to be monophyletic: Species The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group, or PPG, is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish a consensus on the classification of pteridophytes ( lycophytes and ferns) that reflects knowledge about plant relatio ... classification of 2016 (PPG I) separates the monotypic genus '' Lepidomicrosorium'' from ''Tricholepidium''. , neither the ''Checklist of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polypodiaceae
Polypodiaceae is a family of ferns. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family includes around 65 genera and an estimated 1,650 species and is placed in the order Polypodiales, suborder Polypodiineae. A broader circumscription has also been used, in which the family includes other families kept separate in PPG I. Nearly all species are epiphytes, but some are terrestrial. Description Stems of Polypodiaceae range from erect to long-creeping. The fronds are entire, pinnatifid, or variously forked or pinnate. The petioles lack stipules. The scaly rhizomes are generally creeping in nature. Polypodiaceae species are found in wet climates, most commonly in rain forests. In temperate zones, most species tend to be epiphytic or epipetric. Notable examples of ferns in this family include the resurrection fern (''Pleopeltis polypodioides'') and the golden serpent fern (''Phlebodium aureum''). Taxonomy Two distinct circumscriptions of the family are in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lemmaphyllum
''Lemmaphyllum'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Microsoroideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). Taxonomy ''Lemmaphyllum'' was first described by Carl Presl in 1851. A molecular phylogenetic study in 2019 suggested that ''Lemmaphyllum'' was one of a group of closely related genera in the subfamily Microsoroideae; a group the authors termed "''Lepisorus'' sensu lato ''Sensu'' is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular c ...". Species , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' recognized the following species: *'' Lemmaphyllum carnosum'' (Wall. ex J.Sm.) C.Presl *'' Lemmaphyllum diversum'' (Rosenst.) Tagawa *'' Lemmaphyllum drymoglossoides'' (Baker) Ching *'' Lemmaphyllum microphyllum'' C.Presl *' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neocheiropteris
''Neocheiropteris'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Microsoroideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). Taxonomy A molecular phylogenetic study in 2019 suggested that ''Neocheiropteris'' was one of a group of closely related genera in the subfamily Microsoroideae, a group the authors termed "''Lepisorus'' sensu lato". It species were embedded in a clade in which none of the genera appeared to be monophyletic: Species , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' recognized the following species, while noting that the distinction from '' Neolepisorus'' was not clear: *'' Neocheiropteris ensata'' (Thunb.) Ching *'' Neocheiropteris ovata'' (Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.) Fraser-Jenk. *''Neocheiropteris palmatopedata'' (Baker) Christ *'' Neocheiropteris triglossa'' (Baker) Ching '' Plants of the World Online'' submerges ''Neolepisorus'' into ''Neocheiropteris'', although placing some species that the '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neolepisorus
''Neolepisorus'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Microsoroideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). Taxonomy ''Neolepisorus'' was first described by Ren-Chang Ching in 1940. A molecular phylogenetic study in 2019 suggested that ''Neolepisorus'' was one of a group of closely related genera in the subfamily Microsoroideae, a group the authors termed "''Lepisorus'' sensu lato". It species were embedded in a clade in which none of the genera appeared to be monophyletic: Species , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' recognized the following species: *'' Neolepisorus fortunei'' (T.Moore) Li Wang *'' Neolepisorus pappei'' (Mett. ex Kuhn) Li Wang *'' Neolepisorus zippelii'' (Blume) Li Wang , '' Plants of the World Online'' did not accept the genus, sinking it into ''Neocheiropteris'', although placing some of its species in ''Microsorum ''Microsorum'' is a genus of ferns in the family P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lepisorus
''Lepisorus'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Microsoroideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). Taxonomy ''Lepisorus'' was first described by John Smith in 1846 as the section ''Lepisorus'' of the genus ''Drynaria''. It was raised from a section to a genus by Ren-Chang Ching in 1933. A molecular phylogenetic study in 2019 suggested that ''Lepisorus'' was one of a group of closely related genera in the subfamily Microsoroideae, a group the authors termed "''Lepisorus'' sensu lato". Species , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' recognized the following species: *'' Lepisorus abbreviatus'' (Fée) Li Wang *''Lepisorus accedens'' (Blume) Hosok. *'' Lepisorus affinis'' Ching *'' Lepisorus albertii'' (Regel) Ching *'' Lepisorus amaurolepidus'' (Sledge) Bir & Trikha *''Lepisorus annamensis'' (C.Chr.) Li Wang *''Lepisorus annuifrons'' (Makino) Ching *''Lepisorus balteiformis'' (Brause) Hoven ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fern
A fern (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta ) is a member of a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. The polypodiophytes include all living pteridophytes except the lycopods, and differ from mosses and other bryophytes by being vascular, i.e., having specialized tissues that conduct water and nutrients and in having life cycles in which the branched sporophyte is the dominant phase. Ferns have complex leaves called megaphylls, that are more complex than the microphylls of clubmosses. Most ferns are leptosporangiate ferns. They produce coiled fiddleheads that uncoil and expand into fronds. The group includes about 10,560 known extant species. Ferns are defined here in the broad sense, being all of the Polypodiopsida, comprising both the leptosporangiate (Polypodiidae) and eusporangiate ferns, the latter group including horsetails, whisk ferns, marattioid ferns, and ophioglossoid ferns. Ferns first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group
The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group, or PPG, is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish a consensus on the classification of pteridophytes (lycophytes and ferns) that reflects knowledge about plant relationships discovered through phylogenetic studies. In 2016, the group published a classification for extant pteridophytes, termed "PPG I". The paper had 94 authors (26 principal and 68 additional). PPG I A first classification, PPG I, was produced in 2016, covering only extant (living) pteridophytes. The classification was rank-based, using the ranks of class, subclass, order, suborder, family, subfamily and genus. Phylogeny The classification was based on a consensus phylogeny, shown below to the level of order. The very large order Polypodiales was divided into two suborders, as well as families not placed in a suborder: Classification to subfamily level To the level of subfamily, the PPG I classification is as follows. *Class Lycopodi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Phylogenetics
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine the processes by which diversity among species has been achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process of selective changes (mutations) at a molecular level (genes, proteins, etc.) throughout various branches in the tree of life (evolution). Molecular phylogenetics makes inferences of the evolutionary relationships that arise due to molecular evolution and results in the construction of a phylogenetic tree. History The theoretical frame ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sensu
''Sensu'' is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular concept, but it also appears in expressions that indicate the convention or context of the usage. Common qualifiers ''Sensu'' is the ablative case of the noun ''sensus'', here meaning "sense". It is often accompanied by an adjective (in the same case). Three such phrases are: *''sensu stricto'' – "in the strict sense", abbreviation ''s.s.'' or ''s.str.''; *''sensu lato'' – "in the broad sense", abbreviation ''s.l.''; *''sensu amplo'' – "in a relaxed, generous (or 'ample') sense", a similar meaning to ''sensu lato''. Søren Kierkegaard uses the phrase ''sensu eminenti'' to mean "in the pre-eminent r most important or significantsense". When appropriate, comparative and superlative adjectives may also be used to convey the meaning ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monophyly
In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic groups are typically characterised by shared derived characteristics ( synapomorphies), which distinguish organisms in the clade from other organisms. An equivalent term is holophyly. The word "mono-phyly" means "one-tribe" in Greek. Monophyly is contrasted with paraphyly and polyphyly as shown in the second diagram. A ''paraphyletic group'' consists of all of the descendants of a common ancestor minus one or more monophyletic groups. A '' polyphyletic group'' is characterized by convergent features or habits of scientific interest (for example, night-active primates, fruit trees, aquatic insects). The features by which a polyphyletic group is differentiated from others are not inherited from a common ancestor. These definitions have taken ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
