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Left-child Right-sibling Binary Tree
Every multi-way or k-ary tree structure studied in computer science admits a representation as a binary tree, which goes by various names including child-sibling representation, left-child, right-sibling binary tree, doubly chained tree or filial-heir chain. In a binary tree that represents a multi-way tree , each node corresponds to a node in and has two pointers: one to the node's first child, and one to its next sibling in . The children of a node thus form a singly-linked list. To find a node 's 'th child, one needs to traverse this list: procedure kth-child(n, k): child ← n.child while k ≠ 0 and child ≠ nil: child ← child.next-sibling k ← k − 1 return child ''// may return nil'' The process of converting from a k-ary tree to an LC-RS binary tree is sometimes called the '' Knuth transform''. To form a binary tree from an arbitrary k-ary tree by this method, the root of the original tree is made the root of the binary tree. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
N-ary To Binary
{{disambiguation ...
-ary may refer to: * The arity of a function, operation, or relation ** -ary associativity, a specific rule attached to -ary functions *** -ary group, a generalization of group * The radix of a numerical representation system * The number of letters in an alphabet (formal languages) ** An -ary code *** An -ary Gray code *** An -ary Huffman code * An -ary tree See also * n- (other)#Mathematics, science and technology * Unary (other) * Binary (other) * Ternary (other) Ternary (from Latin ''ternarius'') or trinary is an adjective meaning "composed of three items". It can refer to: Mathematics and logic * Ternary numeral system, a base-3 counting system ** Balanced ternary, a positional numeral system, useful ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Multi-way Tree
In computing, a rose tree is a term for the value of a Tree (data structure), tree data structure with a variable and unbounded number of branches per node. The term is mostly used in the functional programming community, e.g., in the context of the Bird–Meertens formalism. Apart from the multi-branching property, the most essential characteristic of rose trees is the coincidence of bisimilarity with Identity (object-oriented programming), identity: two distinct rose trees are never bisimilar. Naming The name "rose tree" was coined by Lambert Meertens to evoke the similarly named, and similarly structured, common rhododendron. We shall call such trees ''rose trees'', a literal translation of ''rhododendron'' (Greek = rose, = tree), because of resemblance to the habitus of this shrub, except that the latter does not grow upside-down on the Northern hemisphere. Recursive definition Well-founded relation, Well-founded rose trees can be defined by a recursive construction o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
K-ary Tree
In graph theory, an ''m''-ary tree (for nonnegative integers ''m'') (also known as ''n''-ary, ''k''-ary, ''k''-way or generic tree) is an Arborescence (graph theory), arborescence (or, for some authors, an ordered tree) in which each node has no more than ''m'' children. A binary tree is an important case where ''m'' = 2; similarly, a ternary tree is one where ''m'' = 3. Types of ''m''-ary trees * A full ''m''-ary tree is an ''m''-ary tree where within each level every node has 0 or ''m'' children. * A complete ''m''-ary tree (or, less commonly, a perfect ''m''-ary tree) is a full ''m''-ary tree in which all leaf nodes are at the same depth. Properties of ''m''-ary trees * For an ''m''-ary tree with height ''h'', the upper bound for the maximum number of leaves is m^h. * The height ''h ''of an ''m''-ary tree does not include the root node, with a tree containing only a root node having a height of 0. * The height of a tree is equal to the maximum depth ''D'' of any no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Computer Science
Computer science is the study of computation, information, and automation. Computer science spans Theoretical computer science, theoretical disciplines (such as algorithms, theory of computation, and information theory) to Applied science, applied disciplines (including the design and implementation of Computer architecture, hardware and Software engineering, software). Algorithms and data structures are central to computer science. The theory of computation concerns abstract models of computation and general classes of computational problem, problems that can be solved using them. The fields of cryptography and computer security involve studying the means for secure communication and preventing security vulnerabilities. Computer graphics (computer science), Computer graphics and computational geometry address the generation of images. Programming language theory considers different ways to describe computational processes, and database theory concerns the management of re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Binary Tree
In computer science, a binary tree is a tree data structure in which each node has at most two children, referred to as the ''left child'' and the ''right child''. That is, it is a ''k''-ary tree with . A recursive definition using set theory is that a binary tree is a triple , where ''L'' and ''R'' are binary trees or the empty set and ''S'' is a singleton (a single–element set) containing the root. From a graph theory perspective, binary trees as defined here are arborescences. A binary tree may thus be also called a bifurcating arborescence, a term which appears in some early programming books before the modern computer science terminology prevailed. It is also possible to interpret a binary tree as an undirected, rather than directed graph, in which case a binary tree is an ordered, rooted tree. Some authors use rooted binary tree instead of ''binary tree'' to emphasize the fact that the tree is rooted, but as defined above, a binary tree is always rooted. In ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Pointer (computer Programming)
In computer science, a pointer is an object in many programming languages that stores a memory address. This can be that of another value located in computer memory, or in some cases, that of memory-mapped computer hardware. A pointer ''references'' a location in memory, and obtaining the value stored at that location is known as ''dereferencing'' the pointer. As an analogy, a page number in a book's index could be considered a pointer to the corresponding page; dereferencing such a pointer would be done by flipping to the page with the given page number and reading the text found on that page. The actual format and content of a pointer variable is dependent on the underlying computer architecture. Using pointers significantly improves performance for repetitive operations, like traversing iterable data structures (e.g. strings, lookup tables, control tables, linked lists, and tree structures). In particular, it is often much cheaper in time and space to copy and deref ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Singly-linked List
In computer science, a linked list is a linear collection of data elements whose order is not given by their physical placement in memory. Instead, each element points to the next. It is a data structure consisting of a collection of nodes which together represent a sequence. In its most basic form, each node contains data, and a reference (in other words, a ''link'') to the next node in the sequence. This structure allows for efficient insertion or removal of elements from any position in the sequence during iteration. More complex variants add additional links, allowing more efficient insertion or removal of nodes at arbitrary positions. A drawback of linked lists is that data access time is linear in respect to the number of nodes in the list. Because nodes are serially linked, accessing any node requires that the prior node be accessed beforehand (which introduces difficulties in pipelining). Faster access, such as random access, is not feasible. Arrays have better cache loca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Pointer Implementation Of A Trie
Pointer may refer to: People with the name * Pointer (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name) * Pointer Williams (born 1974), American former basketball player Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Pointer'' (journal), the official journal of the Singapore Armed Forces * ''The Pointer'', a 1939 American animated short film * The Pointer Sisters, an American R&B vocal group formed in 1969 Astronomy Pairs of stars popularly called "The Pointers": *Alpha Centauri and Beta Centauri, which point to the Southern Cross *Alpha Ursae Majoris (Dubhe) and Beta Ursae Majoris (Merak), which point to Polaris Brands and enterprises * Pointer (wireless phone), a short-lived mobile phone service in Finland in the 1980s * Pointer Insecticide, a brand of injected Imidacloprid for systemic insect control in trees * Pointer Telocation, an Israeli company specializing in stolen vehicle recovery Computing and technology * Pointer (computer programming), a data type used in prog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Donald Knuth
Donald Ervin Knuth ( ; born January 10, 1938) is an American computer scientist and mathematician. He is a professor emeritus at Stanford University. He is the 1974 recipient of the ACM Turing Award, informally considered the Nobel Prize of computer science. Knuth has been called the "father of the analysis of algorithms". Knuth is the author of the multi-volume work '' The Art of Computer Programming''. He contributed to the development of the rigorous analysis of the computational complexity of algorithms and systematized formal mathematical techniques for it. In the process, he also popularized the asymptotic notation. In addition to fundamental contributions in several branches of theoretical computer science, Knuth is the creator of the TeX computer typesetting system, the related METAFONT font definition language and rendering system, and the Computer Modern family of typefaces. As a writer and scholar, Knuth created the WEB and CWEB computer programming systems des ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Edward H
Edward is an English male name. It is derived from the Anglo-Saxon name ''Ēadweard'', composed of the elements '' ēad'' "wealth, fortunate; prosperous" and '' weard'' "guardian, protector”. History The name Edward was very popular in Anglo-Saxon England, but the rule of the Norman and Plantagenet dynasties had effectively ended its use amongst the upper classes. The popularity of the name was revived when Henry III named his firstborn son, the future Edward I, as part of his efforts to promote a cult around Edward the Confessor, for whom Henry had a deep admiration. Variant forms The name has been adopted in the Iberian peninsula since the 15th century, due to Edward, King of Portugal, whose mother was English. The Spanish/Portuguese forms of the name are Eduardo and Duarte. Other variant forms include French Édouard, Italian Edoardo and Odoardo, German, Dutch, Czech and Romanian Eduard and Scandinavian Edvard. Short forms include Ed, Eddy, Eddie, Ted, Teddy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Communications Of The ACM
''Communications of the ACM'' (''CACM'') is the monthly journal of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). History It was established in 1958, with Saul Rosen as its first managing editor. It is sent to all ACM members. Articles are intended for readers with backgrounds in all areas of computer science and information systems. The focus is on the practical implications of advances in information technology and associated management issues; ACM also publishes a variety of more theoretical journals. The magazine straddles the boundary of a science magazine, trade magazine, and a scientific journal. While the content is subject to peer review, the articles published are often summaries of research that may also be published elsewhere. Material published must be accessible and relevant to a broad readership. From 1960 onward, ''CACM'' also published algorithms, expressed in ALGOL. The collection of algorithms later became known as the Collected Algorithms of the ACM. CA ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Phylogenetic Tree
A phylogenetic tree or phylogeny is a graphical representation which shows the evolutionary history between a set of species or taxa during a specific time.Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA. In other words, it is a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities based upon similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics. In evolutionary biology, all life on Earth is theoretically part of a single phylogenetic tree, indicating common ancestry. Phylogenetics is the study of phylogenetic trees. The main challenge is to find a phylogenetic tree representing optimal evolutionary ancestry between a set of species or taxa. Computational phylogenetics (also phylogeny inference) focuses on the algorithms involved in finding optimal phylogenetic tree in the phylogenetic landscape. Phylogenetic trees may be rooted or unrooted. In a ''rooted'' p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
