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Leech Lake Ojibwe
The Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe, also known as the Leech Lake Band of Chippewa Indians or the Leech Lake Band of Minnesota Chippewa Tribe (Ojibwe: ''Gaa-zagaskwaajimekaag Ojibweg'') is an Ojibwe band located in Minnesota and one of six making up the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe. The band had 9,426 enrolled tribal members as of March 2014. The band's land base is the Leech Lake Indian Reservation, which includes eleven communities aggregated into three districts, as defined in the tribal constitution, Government As a member of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, which also includes the bands of Bois Forte, Fond du Lac, Grand Portage, Mille Lacs, and White Earth, the Leech Lake Band is governed by a tribal constitution, written following the 1934 Indian Reorganization Act. The tribe's constitution established a corporate system of governance with "reservation business committees," also referred to as "Reservation Tribal Councils", as the governmental body. The committees are composed of a chairpe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leech Lake Chippewa Delegation To Washington 1899
Leeches are segmented parasitic or predatory worms that comprise the subclass Hirudinea within the phylum Annelida. They are closely related to the oligochaetes, which include the earthworm, and like them have soft, muscular segmented bodies that can lengthen and contract. Both groups are hermaphrodites and have a clitellum, but leeches typically differ from the oligochaetes in having suckers at both ends and in having ring markings that do not correspond with their internal segmentation. The body is muscular and relatively solid, and the coelom, the spacious body cavity found in other annelids, is reduced to small channels. The majority of leeches live in freshwater habitats, while some species can be found in terrestrial or marine environments. The best-known species, such as the medicinal leech, '' Hirudo medicinalis'', are hematophagous, attaching themselves to a host with a sucker and feeding on blood, having first secreted the peptide hirudin to prevent the blo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deer River, Minnesota
Deer River is a city in Itasca County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 930 at the 2010 census. U.S. Highway 2 and Minnesota State Highways 6 and 46 are three of the main routes in the community. History Deer River has a site on the National Register of Historic Places, the Itasca Lumber Company Superintendent's House, built in 1904 by the leading lumber company in the area. Late in World War II, a logging camp manned by prisoners of war was located at the site of an old CCC camp near Deer River. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land. Demographics 2010 census As of the census of 2010, there were 930 people, 397 households, and 212 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 434 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 83.8% White, 0.1% African American, 11.5% Native American, 0.1% from other races, and 4.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ayaakwe
Two-spirit (also two spirit, 2S or, occasionally, twospirited) is a modern, , umbrella term used by some Indigenous North Americans to describe Native people in their communities who fulfill a traditional third-gender (or other gender-variant) ceremonial and social role in their cultures. The term ''Two Spirit'' (original form chosen) was created in 1990 at the Indigenous lesbian and gay international gathering in Winnipeg, and "specifically chosen to distinguish and distance Native American/First Nations people from non-Native peoples". The primary purpose of coining a new term was to encourage the replacement of the outdated and considered offensive, anthropological term, '' berdache''. This new term has not been universally accepted, having been criticized as a term of erasure by traditional communities who already have their own terms for the people being grouped under this new term, and by those who reject what they call the "Western" binary implications, such as imp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ozaawindib
''Ozaawindib'' ("Yellow Head" in English, recorded variously as Oza Windib, O-zaw-wen-dib, O-zaw-wan-dib, Ozawondib, etc.) (Ojibwe) was an early 19th century ( fl. 1797-1832) male-bodied warrior. He had several husbands, at times wore attire typicially associated with women, and was considered in a number of ways to be gender-nonconforming.''Captivity'', p. 89 Biography Ozaawindib was likely born in the mid to late seventeen hundreds. Ozaawindib's father was ''Wiishkobak'' ("Sweet" or "''Le Sucre''", recorded as "Wesh-ko-bug"), a chief of the Leech Lake Pillagers. By 1800, the Pilagers including Ozaawindib lived on Gaa-Miskwaawaakokaag near Leech Lake, terrain earlier inhabited by the Dakota people, engaged in warfare with migrating Ojibwe. Alexander Henry’s records from 1797 suggest that Wiishkobak tried to convince Ozaawindib to take up men’s clothing and roles. John Tanner described ''Ozaawindib'' status of an in words: "This man was one of those who make themselve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elaine Fleming
Elaine Fleming is a former mayor of Cass Lake, Minnesota, a position to which she was elected in 2003. Cass Lake—officially a city, but with a population under 1000—is located within the Indian reservation, reservation boundaries of the Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe. She is a professor at Leech Lake Tribal College and the first Native Americans in the United States, Native American mayor of Cass Lake; she is aligned with the Green Party of Minnesota and is one of the organizers of Rock the Vote - Rez Style. Cass Lake is a Superfund site, as a result of chemical dumping by the St. Regis Paper Company. Fleming has characterized St. Regis's activities as "environmental racism", which, in turn she has characterized as "terrorism in our communities". Fleming was elected mayor for her first term by seven votes. Fleming was elected mayor for a second term as a write-in campaign. As of 2006, Fleming was serving her second and last term as Mayor of Cass Lake, Minnesota. Fleming has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skip Finn
Harold Raymond "Skip" Finn (October 27, 1948 – May 17, 2018) was an American politician, who represented Minnesota's 4th district in the state's senate for the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party. Biography Born in Cass Lake, Minnesota, to a Norwegian father and a Native American mother, Finn was a member of the Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe. He attended Moorhead State College (now Minnesota State University Moorhead) for three years, studying sociology and American Indian studies. He transferred to the University of Minnesota College of Liberal Arts, earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1971, the first alumnus to receive a degree in American Indian studies. He later returned to the U of M Law School to receive his Juris Doctor in 1979. Finn worked as an Ojibwe attorney and owned a small business, then ran for a Minnesota Senate office in 1990. He became the first Native American to serve as a Minnesota senator in 1991. He was the majority whip for the 78th and 79th Minnesota Leg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Indian Movement
The American Indian Movement (AIM) is a Native American grassroots movement which was founded in Minneapolis, Minnesota in July 1968, initially centered in urban areas in order to address systemic issues of poverty, discrimination, and police brutality against Native Americans. AIM soon widened its focus from urban issues to many Indigenous Tribal issues that Native American groups have faced due to settler colonialism in the Americas. These issues have included treaty rights, high rates of unemployment, Native American education, cultural continuity, and the preservation of Indigenous cultures. AIM was organized by Native American men who had been serving time together in prison. They had been alienated from their traditional backgrounds as a result of the United States' Public Law 959 Indian Relocation Act of 1956, which supported thousands of Native Americans who wanted to move from reservations to cities, in an attempt to enable them to have more economic opportunities for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dennis Banks
Dennis Banks (April 12, 1937, in Ojibwe – October 29, 2017) was a Native American activist, teacher, and author. He was a longtime leader of the American Indian Movement, which he co-founded in Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1968 to represent urban Indians. Early life Born on Leech Lake Indian Reservation in northern Minnesota in 1937, Dennis Banks was also known as ''Nowa Cumig'' (''Naawakamig'' in the Ojibwe Double Vowel System). Banks's mother abandoned him to be raised by grandparents. But, he was separated from that family, too, when he was taken at the age of 5 to live at a federal Indian boarding school, run by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (now the Bureau of Indian Education). Its goals were to "civilize" and educate Native American children in English and mainstream culture, in effect, to assimilate them. Children were prohibited to speak their native languages or practice their traditions. Vocational training was emphasized. Banks ran away often, returning to live wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minneapolis Star Tribune
The ''Star Tribune'' is the largest newspaper in Minnesota. It originated as the ''Minneapolis Tribune'' in 1867 and the competing ''Minneapolis Daily Star'' in 1920. During the 1930s and 1940s, Minneapolis's competing newspapers were consolidated, with the ''Tribune'' published in the morning and the ''Star'' in the evening. They merged in 1982, creating the ''Star and Tribune'', and it was renamed to ''Star Tribune'' in 1987. After a tumultuous period in which the newspaper was sold and re-sold and filed for bankruptcy protection in 2009, it was purchased by local businessman Glen Taylor in 2014. The ''Star Tribune'' serves Minneapolis and is distributed throughout the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area, the state of Minnesota and the Upper Midwest. It typically contains a mixture of national, international and local news, sports, business and lifestyle content. Journalists from the ''Star Tribune'' and its predecessor newspapers have won seven Pulitzer Prizes. Histor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bug-O-Nay-Ge-Shig School
Bug-O-Nay-Ge-Shig School is a K-12 tribal school in unincorporated Cass County, Minnesota, near Bena. It is affiliated with the Bureau of Indian Education (BIE). Located on the Leech Lake Indian Reservation, it serves the Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe. It is nicknamed the "Bug School". History The school first opened in 1975. A new facility opened around 1985. It was built as a bus barn and school for automobile mechanics, and it got the name "pole barn". This facility served as the high school, while K-8 classes were in a separate facility that, by November 2014, was in a better condition. Circa the 2000s the school community began advocating for a new school. In winter 2014, due to snow, a section of the roof collapsed. By 2015 the editorial board of the '' Minneapolis Star-Tribune'' advocated for an urgent replacement of the school. The editorial board cited a sewer system that fails during periods of extreme cold and periods of rodents causing infestations. Jill Burcum, the wri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hymns
A hymn is a type of song, and partially synonymous with devotional song, specifically written for the purpose of adoration or prayer, and typically addressed to a deity or deities, or to a prominent figure or personification. The word ''hymn'' derives from Greek (''hymnos''), which means "a song of praise". A writer of hymns is known as a hymnist. The singing or composition of hymns is called hymnody. Collections of hymns are known as hymnals or hymn books. Hymns may or may not include instrumental accompaniment. Although most familiar to speakers of English in the context of Christianity, hymns are also a fixture of other world religions, especially on the Indian subcontinent (''stotras''). Hymns also survive from antiquity, especially from Egyptian and Greek cultures. Some of the oldest surviving examples of notated music are hymns with Greek texts. Origins Ancient Eastern hymns include the Egyptian ''Great Hymn to the Aten'', composed by Pharaoh Akhenaten; the Hurrian ''Hy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White Earth Indian Reservation
The White Earth Indian Reservation ( oj, Gaa-waabaabiganikaag, "Where there is an abundance of white clay") is the home to the White Earth Band, located in northwestern Minnesota. It is the largest Indian reservation in the state by land area. The reservation includes all of Mahnomen County, plus parts of Becker and Clearwater counties in the northwest part of the state along the Wild Rice and White Earth rivers. It is about 225 miles (362 km) from Minneapolis–Saint Paul Minneapolis–Saint Paul is a metropolitan area in the Upper Midwestern United States centered around the confluence of the Mississippi, Minnesota and St. Croix rivers in the U.S. state of Minnesota. It is commonly known as the Twin Cities ... and roughly 65 miles (105 km) from Fargo–Moorhead. Community members often prefer to identify as Anishinaabe or Ojibwe rather than Chippewa, a corruption of Ojibwe that came to be used by European settlers to refer to them. The reservation's land ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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