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Lauxanioidea Genera
The Lauxanioidea are a superfamily of flies that includes the two large families, the Lauxaniidae and Chamaemyiidae, and the small family Celyphidae. Generally, they are small to medium, densely populated, coloured flies. The Chamaemyiidae live as parasites on insects. The family Celyphidae look like beetles. Some authors also recognize the family Cremifaniidae, but most place this in the Chamaemyiidae. Description The superfamily has three synapomorphies (features present in all members due to a common ancestor): convergent postocellar bristles, an abbreviated anal vein in the wing, and fusion of male abdominal tergites 7 and 8. Within the superfamily, Celyphidae can be distinguished from other families by their scutellum, which is shiny, enlarged and covers most of the abdomen, similar to a beetle's elytra. Lauxaniidae are yellowish-brown or black, usually have iridescent reddish/purplish or greenish eyes, and the wings are sometimes patterned. Chamaemyiidae are usually sil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homoneura Hirayamae
''Homoneura'' is a genus of small flies of the family Lauxaniidae. Species *'' H. abnormis'' Gao & Yang, 2004 *'' H. aequalis'' ( Malloch, 1914) *'' H. aldrichi'' Miller, 1977 *'' H. americana'' ( Wiedemann, 1830) *'' H. apicomata'' Shi & Yang, 2009 *'' H. arizonensis'' Miller, 1977 *'' H. bakeri'' Miller, 1977 *'' H. bergenstammi'' Czerny, 1932 *'' H. biconcava'' Shi, Wang & Yang, 2011Shi, L., Wang, J.C., & Yang, D. (2011). "Nine new species from China of the subgenera ''Chaetohomoneura'' and ''Neohomoneura'' in the genus ''Homoneura'' (Diptera, Lauxaniidae)." ''Zootaxa'' 2975: 1-28. *'' H. birdi'' Miller, 1977 *'' H. bispina'' ( Loew, 1861) *'' H. bistriata'' (Kertész, 1915) *'' H. biumbrata'' ( Loew, 1873) *'' H. brevis'' Gao & Yang, 2004 *'' H. californica'' Miller, 1977 *'' H. canariensis'' (Becker, 1908) *'' H. chelis'' Carles-Tolra, 1996 *'' H. christophi'' (Becker, 1895) *'' H. cilifera'' ( Malloch, 1914) *'' H. clavata'' Miller, 1977 *'' H. columnaria'' Shi & Yang, 2009 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friedrich Georg Hendel
Friedrich Georg Hendel (14 December 1874- 26 June 1936) was an Austrian high school director and entomologist mainly interested in Diptera. He described very many new species and made important contributions to the higher taxonomy of the Diptera. He was born in Vienna and died in Baden bei Wien. His collection is in the Vienna Natural History Museum The Natural History Museum Vienna (german: Naturhistorisches Museum Wien) is a large natural history museum located in Vienna, Austria. It is one of the most important natural history museums worldwide. The NHM Vienna is one of the largest museum .... Works Selection 1908-1914 *1908 Nouvelle classification des mouches à deux ailes (Diptera L.), d’après un plan tout nouveau par J. G. Meigen, Paris, an VIII (1800 v.s.). ''Mit einem Kommentar. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges.Wien'' 58: 43-69. *1910 Über die Nomenklatur der Acalyptratengattungen nach Th. Beckers Katalog der paläarktischen Dipteren, Bd. 4. ''Wien. Ent. Ztg.'' 29: 307-313. * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Celyphidae
The Celyphidae, commonly known as beetle flies or beetle-backed flies, are a family of flies (order Diptera). About 115 species in about 9 genera are known chiefly from the Oriental and Afrotropic biogeographic regions with one lineage in the New World. Description Celyphidae are small to medium-sized and easily recognised. The scutellum is enlarged, and forming a protective shell over the abdomen, giving them a beetle-like appearance. Also, like many beetles, Celyphidae are often shiny or metallic in color. The head has few bristles. The wings, when at rest, are folded beneath the scutellar "shell". The arista of the antenna is often flattened and leaf-like at the base. The family name is derived from the Greek word κέλυφος for pod or shell. Male celyphids lack an aedeagus and instead have paired gonapophyses that are used in copulation and are of key taxonomic value. Biology The biology of the family is poorly known. Adults are found along streams and rivers, and in w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chamaemyiidae
The Chamaemyiidae are a small family of acalyptrate flies with less than 200 species described worldwide. The larvae of these small flies are active and predatory and are often used for biological control of aphids, scale insects, and similar pests. Chamaemyiid fossils are poorly represented in amber deposits, but a few examples are known from the Eocene epoch onwards. Description For terms, see Morphology of Diptera Dipteran morphology differs in some significant ways from the broader morphology of insects. The Diptera is a very large and diverse order of mostly small to medium-sized insects. They have prominent compound eyes on a mobile head, and (at most) ... The Chamaemyiidae are small flies 9 (1–5 mm), usually greyish in colour. The frons is wide, with at most two pairs of bristles (often bare). The face is gently concave or strongly receding. Oral vibrissae are absent and the postvertical bristles are convergent or absent. The proboscis is short and the anten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lauxaniidae
The Lauxaniidae are a family of acalyptrate flies. They generally are small flies (length 7 mm or less) with large compound eyes that often are brightly coloured in life, sometimes with characteristic horizontal stripes, such as in '' Cestrotus'' species. Many species have variegated patterns on their wings, but in contrast they generally do not have variegated bodies, except for genera such as ''Cestrotus'', whose camouflage mimics lichens or the texture of granitic rocks. Some 1800 species of Lauxaniidae have been described and they comprise some 126 genera. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, most of the species occurring in tropical regions of Asia and the Americas; relatively few species occur in Afrotropical regions, and Lauxaniid species diversity declines strongly towards the more temperate regions; for example fewer than 200 European species have been described. Most species inhabit forests, where the adults usually are found sitting on leaves of the under ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cremifaniidae
The Cremifaniidae are a very small family of acalyptrate flies with only 4 described species worldwide. All species are considered rare, and nothing is known of their life history. They were formerly placed in the family Chamaemyiidae. Classification There is only one genus in the family. genus '' Cremifania'' Czerny, 1904 *'' C. bulgarica'' Papp, 2010 *'' C. lanceolata'' Papp, 1994 *'' C. nearctica'' McAlpine, 1963 *'' C. nigrocellulata'' Czerny Czerny is a surname meaning "black" in some Slavic languages. It is one of many variant forms, including Czarny, Černý, Czernik, Cherney, and Čierny, among others. People Notable people with this surname include: *Adalbert Czerny (1863−1941 ..., 1904 References Brachycera families {{Lauxanioidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family (biology)
Family ( la, familia, plural ') is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as the "walnut family". What belongs to a family—or if a described family should be recognized at all—are proposed and determined by practicing taxonomists. There are no hard rules for describing or recognizing a family, but in plants, they can be characterized on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of plant species. Taxonomists often take different positions about descriptions, and there may be no broad consensus across the scientific community for some time. The publishing of new data and opini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apomorphy And Synapomorphy
In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized to have evolved in their most recent common ancestor. ) In cladistics, synapomorphy implies homology. Examples of apomorphy are the presence of erect gait, fur, the evolution of three middle ear bones, and mammary glands in mammals but not in other vertebrate animals such as amphibians or reptiles, which have retained their ancestral traits of a sprawling gait and lack of fur. Thus, these derived traits are also synapomorphies of mammals in general as they are not shared by other vertebrate animals. Etymology The word —coined by German entomologist Willi Hennig—is derived from the Ancient Greek words (''sún''), meaning "with, together"; (''apó''), meaning "away from"; and (''morphḗ''), meaning "shape, form". Clade analys ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tergum
A ''tergum'' (Latin for "the back"; plural ''terga'', associated adjective tergal) is the Anatomical terms of location#Dorsal and ventral, dorsal ('upper') portion of an arthropod segment other than the head. The Anatomical terms of location#Anterior and posterior, anterior edge is called the 'base' and posterior edge is called the 'apex' or 'margin'. A given tergum may be divided into hardened plates or sclerites commonly referred to as tergites. In a Thorax (insect anatomy), thoracic segment, for example, the tergum may be divided into an anterior notum and a posterior Scutellum (insect), scutellum. Lateral extensions of a tergite are known as paranota (Greek for "alongside the back") or ''carinae'' (Latin for "keel"), exemplified by the flat-backed millipedes of the order Polydesmida. Kinorhynchs have tergal and sternal plates too, though seemingly not homologous with those of arthropods. Tergo-tergal is a stridulation, stridulatory mechanism in which fine spines of the abdom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scutellum (insect Anatomy)
The scutellum is the posterior portion of either the mesonotum or the metanotum of an insect thorax; however, it is used almost exclusively in the former context, as the metanotum is rather reduced in most insect groups. In the Hemiptera, and some Coleoptera, the scutellum is a small triangular plate behind the pronotum and between the forewing bases. In Diptera and Hymenoptera the scutellum is nearly always distinct, but much smaller than (and immediately posterior to) the mesoscutum. File:Heteroptera morphology-d.svg, 26 = Heteroptera scutellum File:Housefly anatomy-key.svg, 6 = Diptera scutellum File:Coléoptère schématique.jpg, 9 = Coleoptera scutellum File:Scheme ant worker anatomy-numbered.svg, 10 = Formicidae scutellum See also * Scutoid A scutoid is a particular type of geometric solid between two parallel surfaces. The boundary of each of the surfaces (and of all the other parallel surfaces between them) either is a polygon or resembles a polygon, but is not nec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elytron
An elytron (; ; , ) is a modified, hardened forewing of beetles (Coleoptera), though a few of the true bugs (Hemiptera) such as the family Schizopteridae are extremely similar; in true bugs, the forewings are called hemelytra (sometimes alternatively spelled as "hemielytra"), and in most species only the basal half is thickened while the apex is membranous, but when they are entirely thickened the condition is referred to as "coleopteroid". An elytron is sometimes also referred to as a shard. Description The elytra primarily serve as protective wing-cases for the hindwings underneath, which are used for flying. To fly, a beetle typically opens the elytra and then extends the hindwings, flying while still holding the elytra open, though many beetles in the families Scarabaeidae and Buprestidae can fly with the elytra closed (e.g., most Cetoniinae; ). In a number of groups, the elytra are reduced to various degrees, (e.g., the beetle families Staphylinidae and Ripiphoridae), o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA or mDNA) is the DNA located in mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial DNA is only a small portion of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell; most of the DNA can be found in the cell nucleus and, in plants and algae, also in plastids such as chloroplasts. Human mitochondrial DNA was the first significant part of the human genome to be sequenced. This sequencing revealed that the human mtDNA includes 16,569 base pairs and encodes 13 proteins. Since animal mtDNA evolves faster than nuclear genetic markers, it represents a mainstay of phylogenetics and evolutionary biology. It also permits an examination of the relatedness of populations, and so has become important in anthropology and biogeography. Origin Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA are thought to be of separate evolutionary origin, with the mtDNA being derived ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
